Chapter 1101: Danger and Opportunity
The crisis is that there is an opportunity in the danger. Yuxi Timur's unexpected fight did cause a lot of trouble to Zhao Yu, he didn't want to see the end of the fish dying and the net was broken, so he had to use a stronger net. With the strength of Jiangnan to ambush, he did not have a complete grasp, and it would take time to redeploy, and only the most convenient and realistic way to transfer troops from the army attacking Yangzhou was to do so.
Of course, it is not as easy as Zhao Hao said to transfer troops from Yangzhou, and they are also facing an enemy with a strong desire to survive. In the case of equal forces, even if they are defeated, they will destroy 1,000 enemies and lose 800 themselves. And if they want to break through with all their might, they will definitely be able to leave them behind, which may end up being a pot of raw rice.
In addition, Meng Yuan has always paid attention to intelligence work, and Yuxi Timur must also know what will be the outcome of his southern crossing, and he will inevitably strengthen the collection of intelligence. And if his intention to send troops back to help is discovered by him, not only will the plan to lure the enemy go deep has completely failed, but he believes that he will definitely take advantage of it, and immediately change the plan to counterattack Yangzhou, after all, the temptation of capturing an emperor alive is no less than the temptation of capturing the enemy's capital, and it is really more meaningful.
On the contrary, since Yuxi Timur knew the consequences of the failure of the southern invasion of the two capital Wanhu Prefectures south of the Yellow River, who would dare to conclude that this was not a trap laid by him. The temptation is too great, and anyone wants to jump down, so Zhao Yu has to be cautious, he can't believe it if he doesn't cross the Yangtze River. And in the face of such a big pie, even if there is only a 1 in 10,000 chance, he believes that Wang Yinglin can see it, and others will definitely be able to see it. He also didn't want to let go.
In the face of such a 'double kill' game, it depends on who plays the best and who can trick who into the trap, which is also the truth that the decisive victory is outside the battlefield. Therefore, even if Zhao Yu discovered the fighter plane, he did not explain it to the generals, and prevented Wang Yinglin from revealing information to the outside world. It's not that he doesn't believe it, but intelligence work is all about 'you have me, I have you', and once the slightest leak is revealed, it will be irreversible, so this intention must be controlled to a very small extent.
In the current era when there are no satellites and no aircraft, it is relatively easy to move large forces, but it is only relative. Zhao's plan is to form a large network with Changzhou, Wuxi, Pingjiang and Kunshan as support points, and the center of the network is Changshu. Instead, the tens of thousands of troops besieging the city should be sent to Jiangnan quietly and without leaving a trace under the enemy's nose, and marched to the battlefield. It is not only related to the victory or defeat of the ambush of the Yuxi Timurid Division, but also to the safety of the remaining besieged departments.
And when Zhao Yu was thinking about how to arrange the troops, he also had to think about the next plan to recover the Lianghuai region, and this lack was as simple as fighting a battle. In fact, the occupation of an area through fighting is only the first step, and the occupation and consolidation is only the second part.
Therefore, the recovery of a new land is not only something that can be accomplished by relying on the army, but also requires the mobilization of the strength of the entire country. It is not only a consideration of a government's organizational and executive capabilities, but also a test of a country's financial reserves, material dispatch, and population mobilization capabilities. This requires the active cooperation and resolute implementation of all departments of the imperial court.
The first thing to be solved is the problem of insufficient troops, although the current Great Song Dynasty has 300,000 main forbidden troops and more than 100,000 troops stationed in various state capitals, which seems to be a lot, but not only to keep troops to defend Gyeonggi, but also to use troops against Bashu and Yunnan, and to station heavy troops in important towns along the border to prevent the enemy from attacking the border and suppressing rebellion.
If it was just a battle of captivity with the purpose of destroying the enemy's economic base and destroying the living forces, Zhao Yu thought that these forces were enough. Because this kind of fast-forward and fast-back battle does not need to occupy local territory, does not need to consider the problem of post-war reconstruction, and can even only carry a small amount of baggage, it can be used to loot the opponent's materials to support the war.
However, with these more than 200,000 troops, it is difficult to recover Lianghuai. It is true that Zhao Yu believed that with these units that have undergone rigorous training, are fully equipped with firearms, and have rich combat experience among officers at all levels, they will be able to make a breakthrough and advance in the Lianghuai region, where the number of troops is empty. The purpose of this campaign is not to harass and destroy, but to regain lost territory and rule for a long time.
In this case, these forces will not be able to undertake the main combat mission, reconstruct the defensive line, and prevent the enemy from counterattacking, but they will not be able to shoulder the tasks of eliminating the remnants of the enemy and assisting in the establishment of political power and the maintenance of local law and order at the same time. Especially in the early stage of the war, the result of taking care of both sides is to take care of one at the expense of the other, so there must be an army after recovering the lost territory, and someone must take on the task of clearing out the remnants of the enemy and maintaining law and order, and this requires the expansion of the army and the mobilization of more troops to participate in the war.
When it comes to the rapid expansion of the army, many people may think of the phrase "all the people are soldiers", especially in ancient times. For example, those classical **** countries let all men train from an early age and have to serve in the military. For example, like the fighting nation Spartans, and during the Warring States Changping War, the Qin State levied men over the age of fifteen and so on. But Zhao Yu, who once had this idea, will tell you that things are not so simple, because it is possible for "all the people are soldiers", but it is impossible for all the people to be soldiers.
Let's talk about Sparta first, according to contemporary research, the population of Spartans was 8,000 at its peak, and the population was less than 40,000. In addition to the Spartan population, the country also had the Helots who were used as slaves. According to records, the Helots outnumbered the Spartans, probably around 150,000. In addition to this, there were other freemen engaged in industry and commerce who paid taxes to Sparta.
It is generally believed that the total population of Sparta was about 250,000, and that Spartans accounted for less than one-eighth of them, and even fewer were purely and completely off-duty Spartan professional soldiers. According to Zhao Hao's estimation of about 10,000 people, it is already the limit of the Spartan army, and it is not difficult to understand that in the battle of Hot Springs, in the face of hundreds of thousands of Persian troops, only 300 Spartan warriors participated in the battle.
In the Battle of Changping, the Qin State was only recruited from Hanoi County with a male population over the age of fifteen, not the entire Qin State. The price of this extreme mobilization of the Qin State is the knighthood of the whole county. Although the Qin people included men over the age of seventeen in the military register, they did not say that they were directly involved in the army. According to the records, "Where there are three townships, one township has 1,000 people, one township has 700 people, and one township has 500 people." "Where there are more than 500 county households, more than 3,000 townships, two townships, more than 5,000 townships, three townships, and more than 10,000 townships."
Therefore, the population of the three townships is between 5,000 and 10,000 households, which shows that in the Qin Dynasty, where the mobilization rate was extremely high, the population of 5,000 to 10,000 households was only 2,200 people selected to join the army. The Qin law also stipulates that if there are two males in a household, they cannot serve at the same time, so as to avoid affecting agricultural production, so as to reduce the cost of conscription as much as possible. Moreover, these people are not completely out of production, and at the end of the one-year period, they will be demobilized and returned to agriculture or requisitioned to serve as "soldiers" or "guards."
It shows that the soldiers of the Qin State who are out of production in the upper or the guards only account for about half of the soldiers requisitioned locally. According to the previous 5,000 to 10,000 households, there are only about 1,000 real full-time service personnel. In the Qin Dynasty, there were generally five people in a household, so the ratio of soldiers to people was 1:25 or 1:50. Therefore, although the Qin people are belligerent, they do not really go into battle together.
Zhao Hao can see from this that the essence of the ancient model of all people being soldiers is to ensure a small number of full-time soldiers and a large number of non-full-time reserve soldiers. The non-full-time soldiers are basically trained locally during the slack period. This system ensured that a large number of men possessed military literacy, i.e., "all soldiers". Corresponding to it is a sentence in "The Art of War": "Where the Xing division is 100,000 yuan, the expedition is thousands of miles, the people's expenses, the public's service, and the daily expenses are thousands of gold." There are 700,000 people who are in turmoil inside, neglect the passages, and are not allowed to do things. That is to say, 100,000 troops need 700,000 families to support them, and a family of five is calculated, and the ratio of soldiers to civilians in the Spring and Autumn Period is one to thirty-five.
Let's talk about the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty conquered the million-strong army of Goguryeo, and according to the research of historians, the real strength was 700,000, and the number of logistics personnel was doubled. At that time, the Sui Dynasty had 8.9 million households and more than 46 million people. This thousand-mile expedition, with a ratio of soldiers to civilians of one to twenty, directly led to the exhaustion of national strength and the rapid collapse of the Sui Empire.
The Tang Dynasty was one of the prosperous eras in Chinese history, implementing the government military system, with a total scale of 600,000 people, and the ratio of soldiers to civilians was about 1:25. However, most of the government soldiers are mainly engaged in agriculture in peacetime, and they train intensively during the slack time, and there are not many real front-line soldiers. After entering the Tang Dynasty, there were 9.1 million households, counting the actual population of hidden households, but the total strength of the Tang Dynasty at that time was only 570,000, and the ratio of soldiers to people was maintained at about 1:75.
Therefore, in an agrarian society, it is impossible to achieve the kind of "all people are soldiers" that people generally think. The kind of agricultural training in the classical militaristic era, the universal conscription system of transfer to service, and the proportion of front-line soldiers who are temporarily off work to the population are difficult to exceed 1:25 under extreme circumstances. As for the professional military system, which is completely out of production, it is estimated that the ratio of soldiers to civilians is 1:100 in modern society, and the burden on the state is very heavy, and it is even difficult to persist for a long time.
As for the current dynasty, which was famous for its professional military system and redundant soldiers, the total number of troops exceeded one million at its peak, and scholars generally believe that it was around 100 million. And it is quite difficult for these 100 million people to support the 1 million servicemen who are out of work. As a result of nearly one million troops out of production, military spending accounts for more than half of the fiscal expenditure and 70 percent of the fiscal revenue, but very few of them are really capable of fighting strength, and many soldiers are treated extremely poorly, resulting in the practice of fleeing and the serious shortage of salaries for officers. This is also the reason why Zhao Hao tried his best to make money, but he did not dare to blindly expand the army, for fear of repeating the mistakes of the past.
Correspondingly, the enemies of the Northern Song Dynasty, such as the Western Xia with a population of more than 3 million, claimed to be 500,000 troops, the vast majority of the people who usually shepherd sheep and farm, and the real fully armed soldiers are only 30,000 or 40,000 at best, with a ratio of 1 to 35.
As for the military household system implemented by Mengyuan at present, because history has been changed, Zhao Hao cannot compare it with the numbers of later generations. However, the later Ming Dynasty basically copied the military household system of the Mengyuan Dynasty. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the total number of troops reached 2 million, based on a population of about 60 million. According to the edict of Hongwu in February of the 25th year: "Order the soldiers of the world's guards to plant seven out of ten and defend three out of ten cities from now on, and do their best to reclaim the land and feed the army." It shows that in the 2 million army, the number of soldiers who are out of work is 600,000, and the ratio of soldiers to civilians is actually 1 to 100.
Zhao Yu estimated that although the population of Mengyuan has been greatly reduced after he controlled Jiangnan, the proportion should be reduced, and they not only have to support the army, but also have to pay taxes to the state, and the burden is even heavier, which is also the reason why the Mengyuan army has to send more people to participate in the reclamation, and the consequence is that the combat effectiveness has dropped sharply and the morale is low.
The collapse of the military household system of the Ming Dynasty, which inherited its system, was also caused by the overwhelmed military households in Tuntian and the frequent escapes, so that the generals had to rely on raising a small number of personal soldiers to maintain combat effectiveness.
After the southward migration, the population of the Song Dynasty was estimated to have a peak population of nearly 60 million. In the long-term state of war, the population loss is also very serious, and after the southern invasion of Mongolia to occupy Jiangnan, due to the change of policy, the population loss is not large, but a large number of troops were transferred out of Jiangnan, and ordered all the craftsmen in Jiangnan to move away, and then repeatedly requisitioned the population to move north, plus the earlier massacre of Meng Yuan in the Sichuan and Shu region, the population loss is still very serious.
After Zhao Yu recovered Jiangnan, he made a statistical record of the population. With the help of modern social science and technology, it is impossible to accurately count the population, let alone in ancient times, the number of people who fled in the war, the Tibetan tribe who did not obey the king's law, and the hidden population of large families could not be calculated. According to the fish scale register reported from various places, the registered population is more than 30 million, which is also the population base for paying taxes to the imperial court and being able to levy taxes.
However, in ancient times, there was also an uneven distribution of population, most of the population was concentrated in the fertile areas along the river and near the lake and in the southeast of the country, where trade was developed, of which the Jiangdong had the largest population, with nearly 20 million people, and it was also the key area for the recovery of the two Huai to levy and send village soldiers and husband service. This base may seem very large, but more than half of them are old, weak, women and children, and nearly half of them are not only responsible for agricultural production, but also have to perform military service, conscription, and handicraft production.
Zhao Yu was not good at this, so he sent Wang Yinglin back to Beijing to discuss with the important ministers, and came up with an accurate and usable figure, so as to calculate how many Ding Zhuang would be levied and issued, which would not affect domestic production. He can't afford to lose his fundamental ...... because he is happy for a while