Besides, now there are electric lights in the workshop, and working at night is similar to that of daytime?

Li Zexuan stumbled when he heard this, and almost fell to the ground, and said in his heart: I dare to love me to invent electric lights just to make you stay up late to work, right? When you say that, I'm a bit like that kind of black-hearted capitalist~!

"Mr. Wang, you always listen to my advice, stay up late and hurt yourself, don't stay up late anymore! Whether it is the refining of vanadium ore or the production of sulfuric acid, there is no need to work so hard, if you hurt your body, it will be the biggest loss for the academy~! ”

Li Zexuan looked at Wang Ji and persuaded bitterly.

Wang Ji looked embarrassed: "Mountain Chief, it's not that the old man likes to stay up late, but when the old man sees those good materials, he is a little itchy, if he can't refine these good materials into the items he wants, he will feel uncomfortable!" It's an old problem, and I can't fix it! But don't worry, the old man's body must be fine, I know it in my heart~! ”

Li Zexuan was speechless for a moment, thinking of his previous evaluation of Wang Ji - the enchanted alchemist, this evaluation is very appropriate, this old man used to love alchemy, and put together some things in the eyes of others, and now he has entered the chemistry department of the academy, which can be regarded as a complete "organization", because the way of material transformation in "Chemistry" itself has the same effect as alchemy, and it is not difficult to understand that Wang Ji is in it, like crazy!

For this kind of "madman", Li Zexuan knew that no matter how he persuaded him, it would be impossible to persuade him, he sighed, simply stopped persuading, he walked to the carriage, and Han Yu on the opposite side said regretfully: "Lady, there are some things in the workshop, my husband will not return to the county today, I will ask Liu Feng and them to escort you back~!" ”

Han Yuxi picked up the curtain, came out of it, and said softly: "Since Xianggong has something, then go and get busy!" The concubine stayed in the Yunshan Courtyard for the past two days to take care of the diet and daily life of the father-in-law~! ”

Li Zexuan thought for a while, nodded and said, "That's fine!" I'll send someone back to the county seat to tell my father, lady, go back to the other courtyard~! ”

"Hmm~!"

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Let Liu Feng take the guards to send Han Yuxi back to the Yunshan Courtyard, and Li Zexuan followed Wang Ji to the steel mill of the workshop.

"Look, mountain chief, this is the refined vanadium!"

In the steel mill, Wang Ji pointed to a sack and said to Li Zexuan.

Li Zexuan walked over and took a look, and saw small light gray stones, lying quietly inside, compared to the vanadium ore that had just been mined, the color of this refined vanadium block was undoubtedly more delicate!

"This is the only vanadium metal element in the whole world! This thing is very useful, but it is not only used to make sulfuric acid, Mr. Wang, you have to keep it alive! ”

Li Zexuan picked up two pieces of vanadium, put them in his hands, and said to Wang Ji.

"Don't worry, even if you don't say it, the old man will keep it for a long time~!"

Wang Ji nodded in response, and then said: "Mountain Chief, the sulfuric acid is contained in the steel tank in the warehouse, but for the convenience of use, the old man put some in the glass bottle, Mountain Chief, can you come to see if the purity is enough?" ”

"Hmm~!"

Li Zexuan nodded, followed Wang Ji to a small laboratory next to him, Wang Ji put on thick rubber gloves, took a bottle of transparent liquid from the shelf, and handed it to Li Zexuan.

Li Zexuan took it, shook it slightly, and saw that the liquid inside was not as flexible as water, but a little viscous, he nodded secretly, because the high concentration of sulfuric acid was indeed a viscous liquid.

"Have you ever estimated the concentration of this sulfuric acid?"

Li Zexuan turned his head to look at Wang Ji and asked.

Wang Ji nodded and said: "According to the input and output ratio of each raw material, as well as the total amount of water added, if you ignore the leakage and loss of sulfur dioxide in the preparation process, the concentration of sulfuric acid is about 97%, but considering that there will be various errors in actual production, the concentration of sulfuric acid should be about 90%~!" ”

"Ninety percent? It's almost enough for our workshop to use in the future! ”

Li Zexuan smiled with satisfaction and said.

Then he opened the cap of the bottle, dipped a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid with a glass rod, and dripped it on a piece of rice paper on the table, and saw where the sulfuric acid fell, the paper quickly turned black, and there was a burning smell of paper in the air, which was the strong dehydration of concentrated sulfuric acid that caused the paper to carbonize! Seeing this, Li Zexuan couldn't help but sigh with emotion:

"Very nice! Now our workshop is finally able to produce sulfuric acid in batches! This is the cornerstone of Datang's chemical industry~! ”

Industrial triacids - nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, at present, the workshop can produce sulfuric acid on a large scale, and hydrochloric acid can also be produced (electrolysis of salt water to produce sodium hydroxide, hydrogen, chlorine, hydrogen combustion in chlorine, can produce hydrochloric acid), the only thing left is nitric acid!

The production of nitric acid is more complicated, the nitric acid industry is closely related to the synthetic ammonia industry, and the catalyst used in it is not yet available in the workshop, so this can only be left for later!

"Mr. Wang, I'll take some sulfuric acid with me in a while to make a battery, a battery that lasts longer than the previous voltaic battery! Here in the steel mill, I hope that Mr. Wang can use the vanadium obtained from refining to refine vanadium steel! ”

After a pause, Li Zexuan instructed.

"Vanadium steel? Could it be that the mountain chief wanted to add vanadium and charcoal to molten iron to make a new type of steel? ”

Wang Ji's eyes lit up, and today was the first time he heard Li Zexuan say that he wanted to use vanadium to make steel.

Li Zexuan nodded and said, "That's right, that's roughly what it means!" Specific to the proportion of each raw material, I will list a few references for you later! The role of vanadium in steel is to enhance hardenability and carbide, and can withstand high temperatures, has a strong secondary hardening effect, and has a significant effect on improving hardness, which can be increased by more than three times. Moreover, vanadium can refine steel grains, and the stable structure is more suitable for forging and grinding, which is simply a godsend for making weapons and armor! ”

"More than three times harder?"

Wang Ji's eyes widened in surprise when he heard Li Zexuan say this, but he quickly realized that something was wrong, and quickly swallowed his saliva, and said, "Goo-dong... What the? Mountain Chief, you want to make weapons and armor out of vanadium steel? This... This is absolutely unacceptable! If someone detects it, Your Majesty will not tolerate you! ”

This old guy thought that Li Zexuan was inflated and wanted to build weapons and armor to gather troops to rebel, and he was almost so scared that he lost his soul!

However, his first reaction was to persuade Li Zexuan to "put down the butcher knife", instead of shouting to report and expose it, which shows that he really cares about Li Zexuan!

Li Zexuan knew that Wang Ji had misunderstood, so he hurriedly said, "What is Mr. Wang talking about?" I do intend to make weapons and armor, but this is all instructed by His Majesty to me, and as for what His Majesty intends to do with this batch of weapons and armor made of vanadium steel, I can't tell you in detail! Hehe! Don't worry, I'm not enough of the Marquis of Xiaoyao and the chief of Xiaoyao Mountain? How could you not think of rebelling! I am very satisfied with my life now! ”

When Wang Ji heard this, he couldn't help but breathe a sigh of relief, he wiped the sweat on his forehead, and said, "That's good!" That's it! The old man was really shocked just now! Since it was ordered by the saint, the old man naturally had no opinion, after you gave me the proportional formula, I went to try to make vanadium steel~! ”

"Okay~! Then there is Mr. Lao Wang! ”

After Li Zexuan explained to Wang Ji the alternative proportions of vanadium, carbon and iron in vanadium steel, he moved a tank of concentrated sulfuric acid, and then left the steelmaking plant!

When I came out of the steel mill, I came to the office building in the front yard of the workshop, where there was a laboratory dedicated to Li Zexuan.

Turning around all the way, rejecting the kindness of a few small guys who wanted to help carry the steel canister, Li Zexuan came to his laboratory.

Placing the steel tank containing sulfuric acid in the corner of the wall, Li Zexuan crouched in front of the desk and began to draw drawings.

He drew the structure of the shell of a lead-acid battery!

The negative and positive plates and the electrolyte are the main constituent materials of the battery's flow reaction, the anode plate is lead dioxide, and the cathode plate is lead. When the battery is discharged, the negative plate reacts with the electrolyte to turn into lead sulfate and water, and discharges electrical energy; When the battery is charged, the battery is under the action of external electrical energy, and the acid in the water reacts to form velvety lead and sulfuric acid, which stores the electrical energy.

In this way, a complete charge-discharge cycle is formed!

Compared with the lithium batteries often used in modern times, although the specific energy of the lead-acid battery is small (that is, the energy stored per unit weight is less, mainly the volume and weight of the lead-acid battery are generally larger), the electromotive force of the lead-acid battery is more stable when discharged, the working voltage is stable, the use temperature and current range are wide, the charging and discharging cycle is wide, the storage performance is good (especially suitable for dry charge storage), and the cost is low, so it is widely used in the electric vehicle industry.

Of course, the most important thing is that with the current conditions of the Qiquge Workshop, it is not easy to produce lead-acid batteries, as for higher-grade lithium batteries, it is better to wait~!

As for the battery electrode materials lead and lead dioxide, these two things already exist in this era!

Lead is one of the first metals used by humans, and it was smelted from ore by 3000 BC. The amount of lead in the earth's crust is 0.0016%, and the main ore is galena.

Moreover, the history of the use of lead in ancient China is also quite long!

The "Hu powder" used by women in ancient times to whiten their skin is an oxide of lead, such as the daily use of copper mirrors, etc., which have lead; In ancient bronzes, lead is one of the three main components; Copper coins contain a lot of lead, which is the bulk of the lead used at that time, and the more depreciated the currency, the more lead it contains; For the ancient alchemists, there is another use for lead, that is, alchemy, lead and mercury are important components of the elixir, of course, these two things are poisonous, so since ancient times, the emperors who favored the alchemists and took the "elixir" did not live long!

With lead and sulfuric acid, and then design the shell structure, you can basically make lead-acid batteries!

In his previous life, Li Zexuan dismantled the waste lead-acid battery, and he was still busy understanding its internal structure!

About a quarter of an hour later, Li Zexuan drew the drawings and walked out of the laboratory.

"Fauber, let people follow this drawing, use hard rubber, and make such a shell! I have an urgent need~! ”

Coming to Fu Bo's "office", Li Zexuan handed the drawings to Fu Bo and said.

The so-called hard rubber is rubber with a relatively high sulfur content.

At temperatures that are not too low, sulfur bonds increase the range of free movement between the chains, so the rubber does not harden. But if more sulfur is added, such as 25%-50%, by weight of the rubber, it will make the chains bond very tightly with each other, causing the rubber to harden. Such rubber is called hard rubber.

In the modern 21st century, the shell of the battery is mainly made of ABS high-strength and high-density plastic, but when the battery was just emerging, there was no such plastic, and the hard rubber was used at that time!

Today's Datang obviously does not have the conditions to produce ABS plastics, so Li Zexuan has no choice but to use hard rubber! For the current workshop, it is not difficult to make a battery housing out of ebonite!

This is thanks to the fact that he sent people to the South Seas to look for rubber, otherwise many things would not be able to be made now!

“...... Good! The old man will arrange someone to do it! The structure of this shell is not complicated, and it is estimated that it can be done in more than an hour! ”

Fauber took the drawing, glanced at it roughly, and then packed the ticket.

All kinds of machines in the workshop are ready-made, and he is still confident that he can make the shell in an hour.

He didn't ask Li Zexuan about the purpose of making this shell, because he knew that Li Zexuan was going to tinker with something new, and as for what the new thing was, he would naturally know it when it was made!

This is already the tacit understanding he has cultivated after following Li Zexuan for so long!

"Good~! Then there is Lao Fubo~! ”

Li Zexuan said with a smile.

Fauber smiled, and then went to the courtyard where the rubber was produced with the drawings!

Li Zexuan went to the courtyard where the glass was fired, because the partition in the modest battery was made of glass!

About two hours later, after the battery shell, cathode plate and anode plate materials, and the separator in the electrolyte were all ready, Li Zexuan began to prepare the electrolyte used in the battery!

This is very particular!

Generally speaking, lead-acid batteries require a sulfuric acid concentration between 1.27 and 1.28. If the concentration is too small, it is easy to lose power, and after a long time, lead sulfate crystals will be formed between the two plates, which cannot be removed in the later recharging process and become a dead angle. When the amount of lead sulfate crystals generated is high enough, the battery will not store electricity. Moreover, if the concentration of sulfuric acid is greater than the standard, it is also easy to form lead sulfate crystals.

Therefore, the specific gravity of sulfuric acid and distilled water in the electrolyte must be strictly controlled!

Just preparing the electrolyte, it took Li Zexuan more than half an hour!

The next work is to assemble the prepared materials and shells, which is not too troublesome, the only thing to pay attention to is not to bring debris and dust into the electrolyte during operation!

Fu Bo stood aside, seriously witnessed the entire lead-acid battery production process, three o'clock in the morning, the sky was already dark, the electric lights in the laboratory had already been turned on by Fu Bo, at this moment, Li Zexuan finally stood up, clapped his hands, gasped with relief, and said, "Okay! The first lead-acid battery in the world is finally ready~! ”

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