Grandchild. Middle. The name of the mountain, the word Zaizhi, the name Rixin, also known as Yixian, also known as the emperor, the pseudonym Zhongshan Qiao, an outstanding national hero, a great patriot, a pioneer of the **** revolution, an advocate of the Three People's Principles, founded the "Five Rights Constitution". He was the first to raise the banner of thorough anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism, "starting the republic and ending the feudal monarchy for 2,000 years."

He was born on November 12, 1866 in Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan County, Guangzhou Prefecture, Guangdong Province (now Zhongshan City), in an ordinary family. After his brother Sun Mei went to Maui to reclaim the land and run a ranch and shop, the family's fortunes improved.

In 1875 (the first year of Guangxu), he entered the village school to study and receive traditional education. Grandchild. Middle. Shan's father worked as a shoemaker in Macau's Banzhangtang Street when he was young. Grandchild. Middle. Since he was a child, Shan has often traveled with his parents between Macao and his hometown, and Macau's Chinese and Western cultures are blended, and he has a broad vision of his ears and eyes.

In 1878, at the age of twelve, Sun. Middle. Mountain went to Honolulu with his mother. His eldest brother Sun Mei sponsored Sun Yat-sen to receive Western-style modern education in Honolulu, Guangzhou, ** and other places more systematically.

In 1883, at the age of seventeen, Sun. Middle. Shan returned from Honolulu and went to ** to study medicine in the same year. During the five years that Sun Yat-sen studied medicine, he formed a small group known as the "Four Great Kou" with Yang Heling, Chen Shaobai, and Yan Lie. At that time, Yang Heling's "Yang Sikou Hall" in Macao also became a grandson. Middle. One of the important places to do when the mountain is in Macau. At that time, Sun. Middle. Shan believes that Li Hongzhang is different from ordinary officials, but a new school of people with innovative ideas.

Grandchild. Middle. The early days of the mountain were mainly influenced by Zheng Guanying's reformist ideas. In the spring of 1892, Zheng Guanying compiled a five-volume "The Danger of the Prosperous Age" in Macao. Middle. The article "Agricultural Gong" written by Shan Qishi was retouched by Zheng Guan and included in the book. In the same year, Sun. Middle. Shan graduated from ** Western Medical College. In September, at the age of 26, Dr. Sun Yat-sen came to Kiang Wu Hospital in Macau to serve as the first volunteer physician of the newly established Western Medical Bureau, becoming the first Chinese Western doctor in Macau.

By the end of the 19th century, China had become a semi-colonial, semi-feudal society. Grandchild. Middle. Seeing that the Chinese nation was in danger of being carved up by the Western powers, Shan decided to abandon his "career as a doctor" and carry out the "cause of medical country". In January 1894, Sun. Middle. Shan wrote the "Book of Shang Li Hongzhang", which concentrated on Sun. Middle. Shan's innovative ideas for emulating the Western political system in order to make China rich and strong. After that, Sun. Middle. Shan Kai Lu Haodong went to Shanghai to visit Zheng Guanying, and introduced Sun to Li Hongzhang through the new figure Wang Tao. Middle. Mountain, plan to go to Tianjin to see Li Hongzhang.

In June 1894, Sun. Middle. Shan Kai and Lu Haodong went to Tianjin from Shanghai, eager to see Li Hongzhang and confide in his ideas for saving the country. However, Sun. Middle. Shan did not see Li Hongzhang on this trip. This trip, Sun. Middle. Mountains in Li Hongzhang often cited as proud of Tianjin. What I saw was also Qing Zheng. The extreme corruption of government officials has led to a change in their thinking. Full of disappointment with Li Hongzhang, he and Lu Haodong left Tianjin and went to Honolulu in Shanghai.

On November 24, Sun. Middle. Shan founded the Xingzhong Association in Honolulu, which means "revitalizing China". Since then, Sun Yat-sen has been determined to "save the people from fire and water, and support the general of the building", and clearly put forward the proposition of "driving out the Tartars, restoring China, and founding the United People". For the first time, the Chinese people were presented with a program for overthrowing the Qing Dynasty and establishing a democratic republic. At the same time, Sun. Middle. The mountain also completed the great transformation from a reformist to a democrat.

In his early years, he followed Sun. Middle. Among the backbone personnel of the mountain, Cantonese people account for the largest proportion. Such as Deng Yinnan, Lu Haodong, Yang Heling, Chen Shaobai, Yan Lie, Li Jitang, Xie Zhangtai, Cheng Kuiguang, Shi Jianru, Zheng Shiliang, Feng Lifu, Wang Chonghui, Hu Hanmin, Zhu Zhixin, Liao Zhongkai, He Xiangning, Gao Jianfu, Chen Shuren, Gu Yingfen, Xu Chongzhi, Zou Lu, Deng Zeru, Li Fulin, etc., most of these people are Cantonese people, and some are Hakka people who can speak Cantonese.

Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary funds were donated by overseas Chinese and businessmen, especially Li Yutang, Li Zizhong, Jian Zhaonan, and Jian Yujie.

In February 1895 (the twenty-first year of Guangxu), the Furen Literary Society, an organization of local patriotic intellectuals, was established in the Xingzhong Society. In October of the same year, the Xingzhong Society plotted an uprising in Guangzhou, but the incident failed. Middle. The mountain was forced to die overseas.

In October 1896 (the 22nd year of Guangxu), Sun. Middle. Shan was once ensnared by the Qing Legation in London, England, and was rescued by British friends such as Conderley. Since then, Sun. Middle. Shan made a detailed investigation of the economic and political conditions of European and American countries, studied various schools of political theories, and came into contact with progressives in European and American countries, and produced a distinctive theory of people's livelihood, from which the idea of the Three People's Principles was initially formed. In 1897 (the twenty-third year of Guangxu), Sun. Middle. Shan went to Japan and made friends with his government and the opposition.

In October 1900 (the 26th year of Guangxu), Zheng Shiliang was sent to Sanzhoutian, Huizhou (i.e., Huiyang), Guangdong Province to launch an uprising. The rebels fought for half a month, and at first they were quite successful, but then failed due to lack of weapons. After the Wuxu Reform, due to the mediation of Japanese friendly people, Sun . Middle. Shan, the reformists represented by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao discussed the issue of cooperation, but because the reformists insisted on protecting the emperor and opposing the revolution, the cooperation could not be realized.

In November 1904 (the 30th year of Guangxu), Sun . Middle. The mountain is heavy and arrives in Honolulu. More than 20 overseas Chinese youths accepted his proposal, held a meeting, established the Xingzhong Association, and elected Liu Xiang (store manager) and He Kuan (bank manager) as chairman and vice chairman. Sun Yat-sen drafted the "Constitution of the Rejuvenation Society," emphasizing the seriousness of the national crisis caused by imperialist aggression against China, and stipulating that "rejuvenating China" should be the main purpose of the Legislature. He also drafted a secret oath to join the association, and put forward the revolutionary proposition of "expelling the Tartars, restoring China, and founding the United People**".

This was China's first program of democratic revolution with the goal of establishing a new system. After the establishment of the Xingzhong Association, branches were established in some places in Hawaii, and the number of members increased to more than 100. In Sun. Middle. Under Shan's leadership, the Xingzhong Society organized its members to conduct military training and raise funds from patriotic overseas Chinese in preparation for an armed uprising against the Qing Dynasty.

In 1905 (the 31st year of Guangxu), revolutionary groups were established among students studying in Belgium, Germany, France, and other countries, and during this period, contacts were also established with revolutionary groups and revolutionary aspirants in China. In August, Sun. Middle. Shan and Huang Xing and others, based on revolutionary groups such as the Xingzhonghui and Huaxinghui, founded the National Bourgeois Revolutionary Party China League in Tokyo, Japan. Middle. The mountain is elected as total. His revolutionary tenet of "expelling the Tatars, restoring China, founding the Republic of China, and equalizing land rights" was adopted as the program of the League.

In a statement published in the newspaper "Minbao", the organ of the League, Sun . Middle. For the first time, Shan put forward the three principles of nationality, civil rights, and people's livelihood. The establishment of the League gave a powerful impetus to the development of the revolutionary movement throughout the country. Grandchild. Middle. Shan sent people to various places at home and abroad to develop, organize, and propagate the revolution. From 1905 to 1906, he himself went to various parts of Southeast Asia to propagate and raise revolutionary funds from overseas Chinese, and established branches of the League in some places.

He widely disseminated the ideas of democracy and republicanism and mobilized more people to devote themselves to the revolution against feudal autocracy. From 1906 to 1911, the League organized a number of armed uprisings throughout South China. Middle. Yama strategized the revolt and traveled overseas to raise funds for the uprising.

In December 1907 (the 33rd year of Guangxu), when the Zhennanguan uprising, Sun. Middle. Shan also went to the front line to participate in the fighting. Although he experienced defeat after defeat, he still led the revolutionaries to fight one after another, indomitable and heroic. It dealt heavy blows to feudal rule again and again, and gave great encouragement to the people of the whole country, especially the Huanghuagang Uprising in Guangzhou on April 27, 1911 (the third year of Xuantong), which caused a huge shock throughout the country.

On December 20, 1911, Sun. Middle. After returning to China, Hu Hanmin, Liao Zhongkai and others arrived in Hong Kong by warship to greet them.

Hu Hanmin strongly persuaded Sun. Middle. The mountain stayed in Guangdong, trained the army, and raised troops for the Northern Expedition. Then, "the strength of the strong enemy is really a situation of reunification between the north and the south."

Grandchild. Middle. Shan insisted on going to Shanghai and Nanjing, presiding over internal and external plans, saying: "If I don't go to Shanghai and Nanjing, then all this external planning is beyond the responsibility of others." He also said, "The great tribulation of this day is that there is no **."

On December 25, Sun. Middle. Mountain to Shanghai, warmly welcomed.

The newspapers reported that Sun had returned to China with a huge amount of money, and the reporter asked him: "How much money did you bring this time?" ”

Grandchild. Middle. The mountain said: "Give no name a penny, and bring back the revolutionary spirit ear!" If the purpose of the revolution is not achieved, there will be no peace negotiation! ”

On the same day, the Republic of China was temporarily established in Nanjing.

On 29 December, the representatives of the southern provinces in Nanjing formally elected the provisional president. There are three candidates; Grandchild. Middle. Shan, Li Yuanhong, Huang Xing. The deputies of the southern provinces voted in turn. Middle. Shan got 16 votes, and Huang Xing got 1 vote.

When the election results were announced, "the crowd shouted three times for the long live of the Republic of China, which was a masterpiece of music, and the military and academic circles present congratulated each other, and the joy reached the extreme."

Sun in Shanghai. Middle. When Shan learned the news, he immediately replied to Nanjing, expressing his acceptance, he said: "The restoration of China is the strength of our army and the people. However, remembering that the north is not appeased, the foundation of the Republic of China is at the beginning, and Hongji is difficult, and all our people have responsibility. Regardless of the function, Gawen has a significant service, and Wen dares not to reluctantly follow the people, when Keri goes to Nanjing to take office, he respects and reverts first. ”

Grandchild. Middle. The news of Shan's election as interim president soon reached Beijing.

What's going on? What do you mean? Just after the National Assembly was agreed to decide on the national system, the South went so far as to declare a "republic" on its own and elected a provisional president. Didn't you say that you would make yourself the interim president of this? It turns out that these people have been deceiving themselves, and it turns out that these people don't talk about the least credit at all.

Yuan Shikai's disappointment and anger can be imagined, and he happened to receive a telegram from Tang Shaoyi that the venue of the National Assembly was set in Shanghai, so he took the opportunity to attack.