The Yunnan Chongjiu Uprising is also known as the Xinhai Yunnan Uprising.

As early as 1905, when the China League was founded in Tokyo, Yunnan students studying in Japan among its members established the Yunnan branch. Lu Zhiyi was appointed as the person in charge, and people were sent back to Yunnan to carry out revolutionary activities.

Before the Xinhai Revolution, the revolutionaries in Yunnan mainly developed their strength through the members of the League in the lecture hall.

After the success of the Wuchang Uprising, the Yunnan revolutionaries responded positively. From October 16 to 28, members of the Kunming League held several secret meetings to discuss the arrangements for the uprising. The new army commander (brigade commander) Cai Yi was elected as the commander-in-chief of the rebel army, and it was decided to revolt at midnight on October 30 (the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar).

Cai Yi. On December 18, 1882, he was born in Jiangjiachong, Dongzhimu Township, Shaoyang County, Baoqing Prefecture, Hunan Province (now Daxiang District, Shaoyang City), a poor tailor family.

In 1887, he moved with his family to Huangjiaqiao, Shanmen, Wugang (now Shanmen Town, Dongkou County).

He studied in a private school at an early age, was admitted to Xiucai at the age of thirteen, and was admitted to the Changsha School of Current Affairs at the age of fifteen. Studied under Liang Qichao and Tan Sitong. He was appreciated by the head teacher of Chinese at the school, Liang Qichao, and established a deep teacher-student friendship.

Later, he enrolled in Shanghai Nanyang College (the predecessor of today's "Shanghai Jiao Tong University" and "Xi'an Jiaotong University").

In 1899, he went to Japan and studied at Tokyo Daido High School and Yokohama East Asian Business School.

Seeing that the motherland was under the rule of the corrupt Qing Dynasty, the mountains and rivers were shattered, the national strength was weak, the imperialists were looking at the eagle, and the national crisis was unprecedentedly serious. Like many hot-blooded young people, Cai worked hard to find a way to save the country and the people.

In one of his poems, he wrote: "Shedding blood to save the people and my generation, a thousand years of liver and gallbladder rotaster", pouring out his patriotic aspirations.

In 1900, he returned to China with Tang Caichang to participate in the uprising of the Self-Reliance Army, and after the failure, he changed his name to "Gong", determined to "shed blood to save the people".

Return to Japan. He first entered the Chengcheng School, then entered the Army Non-commissioned Officer School, studied military affairs, and participated in the organization of the "Anti-Russian Volunteer Brigade".

In early 1904, Cai Ye graduated from the Japanese non-commissioned officer school and returned to China. He has been successively appointed as the supervisor of the Jiangxi Military Academy, the assistant director of the Hunan Coaching Office, the general staff officer and chief coaching officer of the Guangxi New Army, the director of the Guangxi Surveying and Mapping School, the general office of the Guangxi Army Primary School, and the general office of the Guangxi Army Lecture Hall.

The young and handsome Cai Yi, wearing long boots on his feet and carrying a command knife at his waist, whipped and jumped on his horse every day, commanding and training. He gave incisive explanations, was skillful, and had strict requirements, and was deeply admired by officers and soldiers, and was praised as "Lu Bu among people and red rabbit among horses."

Soon after, Li Jingxi, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, hired him to serve in the military in Yunnan.

In 1911, Cai was promoted to the 37th Association Commander of the 19th Town of the New Army.

At that time, in Yunnan, as in the rest of the country, a large number of members of the League and radical young officers who had returned from Japan were distributed in the Yunnan Army Lecture Hall and the 19th Town of the New Army. They were active and actively planned and organized the anti-Qing revolutionary struggle.

Although Cai did not participate in the League, he was influenced by the growing revolutionary atmosphere and secretly kept in touch with the League, sympathizing with and assisting the activities of the revolutionary party. He assured the members of the League that they would give "absolute sympathetic support" in the event of a revolution.

At about 8 p.m. on October 30, 1911, when the soldiers in the Kunming North School Field were preparing guns and ammunition, the plan was exposed, and the uprising was launched at 9 p.m. ahead of schedule. Because October 30 is the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, the ninth uprising is weighed.

Li Gengen led the rebels of the 73rd Standard of the New Army to attack the city from the north gate of Kunming.

Li Gengen, the word Xuesheng, also the word Yangxi, Yinquan. A native of Tengchong, Yunnan. Born in Tengyue, Yunnan (now Jiubao Township, Lianghe, Yunnan), he was a modern celebrity and a veteran of the Chinese Kuomintang.

In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), Li Gengen was admitted to the Kunming Higher School, during which he read a large number of books and periodicals such as "Xushu", "Revolutionary Army", and "Qing Yibao", and began to accept the ideas of bourgeois democratic revolution.

In the thirtieth year of Guangxu (1904), Li Gengen was admitted to study in Japan at public expense, and successively entered the Zhenwu Academy and the Non-commissioned Officer School.

In the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), Li Gengen visited Sun Yat-sen in Yokohama, and then participated in the preparatory meeting of the League held in Tokyo.

In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), Li Gengen served as the president of the Yunnan Student Association in Japan and the manager of Yunnan magazine.

In the first year of Xuantong (1909), Li Gengen returned to China. He served as the superintendent of the Yunnan Lecture Hall and the instructor of the infantry department, and was promoted to the general office.

He was the main organizer and leader of the Yunnan Uprising.

When Cai Yi, Luo Peijin, and Tang Jixun, who were preparing to start an incident in Wujiaba, heard the news, they immediately summoned the officers and men of the 74th standard, and set off as a whole to attack the city from the southeast.

After fierce fighting until noon on the 31st, the rebel army completely occupied Kunming, and the "Chongjiu Uprising" in Kunming was successful.

On 1 November, the revolutionaries formed the Yunnan Military Governor's Office of the Great China State in Wuhua Mountain, with Cai Ye as the governor, and announced the internal and external policies.

A few days later, the provinces, prefectures, and counties were decided, and the whole province was recovered.

Yunnan was one of the first provinces to hold an uprising and declare "independence" after the Wuchang Uprising.

The victory of the uprising supported Wuchang, promoted the independence of Guizhou, Sichuan and some provinces, and made a major contribution to the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in the whole country and the establishment of the Republic of China, writing a glorious page in China's modern history.

The armed uprising of the Yunnan people was an important part of the Xinhai Revolution and wrote a glorious chapter in the history of the Chinese revolution.

On the 31st, the Nanchang New Army revolted and established the Jiangxi Military Government. Wu Jiezhang was elected as the military governor.

Wu Jiezhang, whose name is Deyu, is a native of Yangshan Town, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province. Bright and studious since childhood, he was hired as a teacher at the age of sixteen. When the First Sino-Japanese War broke out, he abandoned Wen Congrong and was admitted to the Jiangnan Lushi School, and stayed in the school to assist in teaching affairs after graduation.

In the same year, Wei Guangtao, the governor of Shaanxi, went to Jiangnan to look for and train new army talents, and was invited to preside over copywriting and assistant to the camp office.

Subsequent Qing Zheng. The government ordered the provinces to set up supervision and training offices, and Wu Jiezhang was invited by the Jiangsu Governor's Office to return to his hometown and be promoted to the supervision and training office and the conscription office.

Wu Jiezhang advocated re-recruiting young aspiring youths at a younger age, changing "recruitment" to "recruitment", and obeying voluntary registration. He first set up a conscription office in Changzhou to recruit the children of villagers from various counties under the government for training.

During his tenure as the chief instructor of the Jiangxi Military Academy and the general office of the Jiangxi Army Surveying and Mapping School in Jiangxi, he trained a large number of new army talents for Jiangxi, such as Li Liejun, Xiong Shihui, and Liu Zhi.

In 1904, Zhang Weisheng, Peng Sumin, Zhou Yanghao, Deng Wenhui and others organized the Yizhi Society in Nanchang. On the surface, it was a research and academic group, but in fact it was an anti-imperialist and anti-Qing organization. The organization actively carried out anti-imperialist and anti-feudal propaganda activities and made contact with Huang Xing of the Hunan Huaxing Association.

After the establishment of the League in 1905, Cai Fuling, a revolutionary, set up the Jiangxi branch of the League in Nanchang City.

Thanks to the efforts of him, Zhang Shiying, Zhong Zhenchuan and others, he went deep into the Jiangxi Military Academy, the Surveying and Mapping School, the Surveying Department, and the Army Primary School to spread revolutionary ideas.

At this time, Jiangxi students Yu Yinglu, Li Liejun, Peng Chengwan, Peng Sumin, and Ouyang Wu also returned to Nanchang and entered the military circles, often instilling revolutionary ideas in soldiers and mobilizing outstanding students to join the League.

In 1906, Jiangxi organized a new army, and the League sent many members to join the new army, and during the Xinhai Revolution, Jiangxi's new army was almost entirely in the hands of revolutionaries.

Before the Nanchang New Army uprising, revolutionary ideas had been widely disseminated in the New Army, which already had a broad mass base, and had relatively successfully transformed a reactionary armed force that upheld the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty into an anti-Qing revolutionary force. It can be said that the conditions for the Nanchang revolution are ripe, and the time is just waiting for the time to come.

On October 23, 1911, the news of the success of the Jiujiang Revolution reached Nanchang, and the revolutionaries in the Nanchang New Army were greatly encouraged and actively prepared for an uprising.

The journalistic circles worked closely together to report on the Jiujiang Uprising, publicize the revolutionary situation throughout the country, and advocate that "the Qing Dynasty will resign from now on" and "make the hearts of the people in society tend to be revolutionary." On 25 October, the "Jiangxi Minbao" published the Jiujiang Independent News.

The business community also took risks to support the revolution as much as it could.

The situation in Nanchang has changed dramatically, and Zhang Jiyu, a senator of the Qing court who is inclined to revolution, and Wu Jiezhang, the assistant commander of the new army, have stepped up contact with the revolutionary army, and the Nanchang New Army uprising is bound to break out.

When the Jiangxi side of the Qing court learned of the Jiujiang uprising, they planned to deal with contingencies day and night.

On the one hand, they announced that the army would double its salaries and appease them.

On the other hand, it was necessary to tighten its vigilance, expand its army, and urgently transfer the old army and the Shangrao Defense Battalion to Nanchang within a time limit to prepare to deal with the new army by force.

Faced with the pressure of the government, the revolutionaries stepped up preparations for an uprising.

On 28 October, the revolutionaries held a secret meeting in the engineering corps, at which it was decided to organize the battalions of the horse artillery workers into the "Liberation Army." Personnel from the engineering corps were drawn to form a crack Yuecheng team, and they tried to seize the weapons of the yamen guards. Zhou Zhaolin was sent to contact the police in the city, and the date of the uprising was also determined.

At about 11:30 p.m. on October 30, the revolutionary army Yuecheng team flew along the Hue Gate city wall and landed at the top of the city, firing the first shot of the "Nanchang Uprising" of the Xinhai Revolution.

The guards and policemen of the former Qing court, who were inclined to revolution, poured kerosene on the drum towers and flagpoles on both sides of the governors in the city and threw torches, causing the flames to soar into the sky. The city gate was opened to welcome the Liberation Army into the city.

At 12 o'clock, the "Liberation Army" issued a general attack signal, Fang Xianliang led the cavalry battalion into the city to occupy the military depot, Cai Jie led the engineer team, Song Bingyan led the baggage team to flock into the city, and occupied the important strongholds separately.

The few forces at the disposal of the Qing court were powerless to resist, and the governor Feng Ruqi took the guards to hide in the shops of Wangzi Lane in a panic.

In the city, under the organization of the revolutionaries and Yu Yinglu, the gentry and business circles jointly organized a "security group" to maintain local order. The revolutionary army "fired a few shots at the governor's yamen and burned the drum booth and a flagpole at the entrance of the governor's yamen," and Nanchang was thus recovered without blood.

In the face of the chaos in the country, Zaifeng, who was helpless, changed his habit of hesitation and issued four edicts in the name of the emperor one after another.

The first is the practice of constitutionalism.

The second is to immediately start drafting the constitution and "start with the people."

The third is to remove the pro-nobles and pro-nobles, saying that once the situation is decided, the cabinet will be reorganized, and the royal family will no longer serve as the head of the cabinet. Minister of State.

Fourth, it was granted an amnesty to state criminals, declaring that since the Wuxu Reform, "all those who have been convicted of advocating reforms, who have fled on suspicion of political revolution, and who have been coerced into returning from this turmoil (referring to the uprisings in the provinces) will be pardoned for the past; In the future, subjects shall enjoy the right of protection of the State unless they exceed the scope of the law, and shall not be arrested on suspicion except in accordance with the law".

On the same day, the Legislative Council began preparations for the drafting of the Constitution.

On November 3, the 19 articles of the Constitution were reported to the imperial court. After reading it, the Qing court immediately announced it and announced that it would 'take the oath of the temple at a later date to keep it.'

On 5 November, the Qing court approved a petition by the Senate to allow party members to organize political parties in accordance with the law, so as to nurture talents for the use of the state.

At the same time, the Legislative Council was instructed to quickly enact the House of Representatives Act and the Election Act in preparation for the convening of the Diet.

This series of practices of the Qing court should be affirmed and quite good.

Unfortunately, many things in the world are like this, and the same thing, half a year or a few months in advance, the result may be very good. But because there were still options at that time, I refused to take the initiative to do it.

When you are in the "alliance under the city" and are forced to do it, no matter how much you do, I am afraid it will be useless.

This was the case with the Qing court of Zaifeng Regency.