On July 26 of the first year of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai sent a message to the Senate, abbreviatingly: "The situation is dangerous, the court is not safe, the cabinet members are empty, all affairs are wasted, China and foreign countries look at each other, and the danger is inconceivable." Zhou Xuexi is proposed to be the chief financial officer, Xu Shiying as the chief justice minister, Fan Yuanlian as the chief minister of education, Chen Zhenxian as the chief minister of agriculture and forestry, Jiang Zuobin as the chief minister of industry and commerce, and Zhu Qichao as the chief of communications.

The address was secret, and when it was submitted to the Senate, it was expected that half or more of it would not pass. The result was unexpected, only Jiang Zuobin, the Minister of Industry and Commerce, was not approved, and was replaced by Liu Kuiyi, which was approved by the Senate.

On that day, there were 91 members of the Senate, and the order in the meeting was very quiet, and when the vote was in progress, one member gave a note to the neighboring member. The reporters in the spectator room used binoculars to see through the situation at the meeting hall and saw that there were four words written on this note, which were: "Parliamentarians have no bones."

Since June 27, Tang Shaoyi has resigned as General Secretary of State. After the stalemate, there was a whole month of non-government. The state of the government is over.

The Lu cabinet had a difficult birth, but finally fell to the ground. Lu Zhengxiang, who is respected by all parties as a foreign minister, took the stage in a tense atmosphere of diplomacy, but the first thing he encountered after taking office was not a diplomatic issue but a domestic issue.

Lu Zhengxiang is kind and weak, and he is full of anger, and some people describe him as "humble and peaceful, but clumsy in making decisions". Managing a department that he is familiar with the business may be able to play to its strengths, but it is really not the material to dominate the overall situation, and he was soon impeached by the Senate and resolutely submitted his resignation again. Yuan Shikai also had a lot of dissatisfaction with him this time, and immediately accepted his resignation request, and was hired as a senior adviser like Tang Shaoyi, but soon returned to the post of foreign minister.

On August 20, Yuan Shikai appointed Zhao Bingjun as acting general of state. Well, I've finally found the right person this time. Zhao Bingjun moved the State Council to the Presidential Palace, and listened to Yuan Shikai for everything. The Acting General of State. Li, became the little follower of President Yuan Shikai, the president and the general of state. The relationship has finally been straightened out. It turned out that Yuan Shikai, who was accustomed to being in power, needed such a general of state. Reason.

Zhao Bingjun is an orphan, lost his father at an early age, and soon his mother died of illness, his family was extremely poor, and he didn't even have a name when he was young.

Speaking of his surname, Zhao is the first surname of the hundred family surnames, the name is the first person at the foot of the Son of Heaven (Bingguo Zhijun), and his birthday is the first day of the first month of the first month set by him, and its authenticity is impossible to test.

Zhao Bingjun had no children under his knees, so he first adopted a righteous son, and later chose his cousin's second son to establish an heir to continue the lineage.

Under the pressure of his family's poverty, Zhao Bingjun lived in his uncle's house when he was a child.

He once worked as a scholar in a family of eunuchs in his hometown, he was wise by nature, strong and courageous, and won the favor of his master. As a result, I have the opportunity to study on my own and acquire certain cultural knowledge. In addition, he has been smart and capable since he was a child, and he learned everything, worked as a timekeeper in his hometown store, and helped officials passing by here repair a table clock. Since then, Zhao Bingjun has been appreciated and respected by this official, so he took Zhao Bingjun out. Since then, Zhao Bingjun left his hometown and began to break through life.

In 1878, Zhao Bingjun failed to pass the Xiucai examination, so he joined Zuo Zongtang to serve in the Chu army and went to Xinjiang to quell the Agubai Rebellion.

Zhang Yao's subordinate department went out of Jiayuguan with the army, stationed in Xinjiang, fought bravely in the east and west, fought bravely, built up with equestrianism, and repeatedly performed miraculous feats. Because of the early years of fighting in the Gobi Desert, he was buried by wind and snow for three days, but fortunately he did not die, but he was seriously injured and left disabled, and it is said that the consequences are still very serious.

When recovering Ili, Zhao Bingjun participated in the survey and negotiation of the Sino-Russian border. In view of his outstanding performance in quelling the turmoil in Xinjiang, Zhao Bingjun was appointed as the canonical history of Xinle County. During this period, he was famous in officialdom for being "good at arrests".

Zhao Bingjun's involvement in the military and political threshold also has a certain relationship with Yuan Shikai. Zhao Bingjun specializes in detectives and police, and he is very witty. Yuan Shikai trained in a small station, recognized heroes, pulled Zhao out of the reckless, and was quite reused, since then Zhao has always been a think-tank figure around Yuan Shikai, and is deeply trusted by Yuan.

In the post of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, especially as the supreme head of the police, Zhao Bingjun must be very competent.

For example, the order of the capital led by him, the British "Times" reporter Murray can describe such a scene: On the street of the capital, a villager pushing a dung truck overturned on the way, and the police in the capital saw it, not scolding and fining him, but several people went up together to help the villager lift the overturned dung truck. For this, Murray exclaimed, in the past, could you imagine such a thing?

In addition to being benevolent and having public integrity, the Beijing police, which is actually led by Zhao Bingjun, also has first-class case-handling capabilities.

In 1905, the five ministers of the Qing court went abroad to investigate and were assassinated by Wu Yue, Zhao Bingjun undertook the case, and the autopsy report was quite professional, and finally through the sparse body of Wu Yue that was bombed, the truth of the matter was quickly found out.

Zhao Bingjun's General of State. How's that right? It seems that there is no need for others to worry about this, because it is enough for Yuan Shikai to be satisfied alone.

As we have said, the revolutionaries in the south hurriedly came up with the "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China" in order to use the law to restrain Yuan Shikai.

The form of government of the Republic of China, within the League, is controversial. Some people advocate the implementation of an American-style presidential system, with a great deal of presidential power. Some advocate the implementation of a French-style cabinet system, where power rests with the cabinet and the president is basically fictitious.

Grandchild. Middle. When Shan was the provisional president, he resolutely advocated the implementation of the presidential system, and the "Outline of the Provisional Organization of the Republic of China", which was replaced by the provisional constitution, proposed a state government system of presidential system.

However, when formulating the provisional constitution for Yuan Shikai, Mr. Sun strongly advocated the implementation of the cabinet system. In the Provisional Constitution, although it is not explicitly stated that the state implements a cabinet system, the power of the cabinet is very large. For example, without a countersignature from a state official, an order issued by the president is invalid.

We should remember that when appointing Yuan Shikai as the provisional president, the Senate particularly emphasized that he must conscientiously implement the provisional law, which shows that everyone is not at ease with Yuan Shikai.

If Yuan Shikai turned the cabinet into his own subordinate organ, he showed that he completely ignored the "Provisional Covenant", but another thing he did was to wantonly trample on the Provisional Covenant.

This incident is: openly killing Zhang Zhenwu, the hero of Wuchang Shouyi.

Some people may ask: Isn't Yuan Shikai very particular about the "charter"? It is not bad that Yuan Shikai is very much in favor of establishing and enforcing regulations, as he often says: there are no rules, there is no circle.

However, this is only for others, and as for himself, especially after sitting on the throne of the great president, he cannot be limited. The so-called lawlessness of the monk with an umbrella is what he wants.

Zhang Zhenwu, Han nationality, a native of Luotian, Hubei, was a modern Chinese democratic revolutionary, a military general in the early years of the Republic of China, and the main organizer and leader of the "Wuchang Uprising".

In his early years, he graduated from Zhushan County Higher School, and later entered Hubei Provincial Normal School, where he was influenced by his teacher and germinated revolutionary ideas against Qing and feudalism. After the First Sino-Japanese War, he sold his property and studied at Waseda University in Japan at his own expense, studied law and politics, and joined the sports club to learn the laws of attack and defense in battle formations.

In 1900, he helped Xu Xilin to avoid Nagasaki, Japan, and joined the League. After graduating in 1907, he returned to China and taught at the Huanghelou Street Primary School in Wuchang, where he was arrested for propagating anti-Qing revolutionary ideas.

In 1909, he joined the Communist Association and was in charge of finance.

In 1911, he became one of the leaders of the Wuchang Uprising, and in September 1911, he attended a joint meeting between the Literary Society and the Communist Association to decide on the uprising, and was pre-elected as the deputy minister of the financial department of the Hubei Army after the uprising. During this period, he returned to his hometown and sold his ancestral property to fund the revolution.

On October 9, 1911, after the Hankow organs were cracked, the Qing officials vigorously arrested the party. Zhang Zhenwu was not afraid of the White Terror, and consulted with Zhu Cizhang, Li Huamo, and others, and contacted representatives of various parties to make an attack on the evening of October 10. There are written records: In the early morning of the 10th, Fang Xing invited Gan Jixi, Li Huamo, Li Nanxing, Zhu Cizhang and other revolutionaries from the surveying and mapping school to discuss together, and asked Li Huamo and Zhu Cizhang to contact Zhang Zhenwu. It is better to be able to move during the day.

That night, after the uprising broke out, Zhang Zhenwu actively participated in it.

After the Wuchang Uprising, he participated in the formation of the Hubei Army, served as the deputy minister of military affairs, and acted as the minister. He presided over military affairs for more than 10 days, and he was deployed in an orderly manner and was quite courageous.

During the defense of Hankou and Hanyang, all the people's troops went to the front line to encourage them in person to boost their morale. He also issued many proclamations in the vernacular, expounding on the general principles of the revolution and the essentials of warfare.

Hankou fell, and people were sent to various prefectures and counties to handle the militia groups. He also went to Qingshan, Zhang Gong Ancestral Hall, Meizi Mountain, and Biandan Mountain to arrange defenses, and sent personnel to recruit northern soldiers on the front line.

Hanyang was in danger, and he personally led his subordinates to rush to help, but was wounded and fell into the water in the fierce battle, and almost drowned. retreated to Wuchang and helped the chief inspector Liu Gong to defend the city. Li Yuanhong left Gedian, advocating to go to Li to raise another virtuous ability, which was deeply hated by Li.

When Hanyang was lost and the morale of the revolutionary army fell into a low ebb, when Huang Xing advocated abandoning Wuchang and retreating to Nanjing, it was Zhang Zhenwu who refuted it to show his opposition.

Zhang believed that Wuchang and Hanyang were separated by a large river, and it would not be easy for the Beiyang Army to capture them; Even if it can be captured, it will buy precious time for revolutions in other places.

As for Huang Xing's so-called southward attack on Nanjing, he believes that it is just a general ending for Hong Xiuquan and has no merit.

The Beiyang Army bombarded Wuchang, and the shell once fell into the military affairs office and killed and wounded more than 30 guards, and a stray bullet even landed on the conference table.

The participants were all frightened, but Zhang Zhenwu smiled calmly: "You can move downstairs and work as usual, don't be frightened!" "The courage is evident.