What is the final effect of Yuan Shikai's measures to rectify the rule of officials?

Rot. Defeat is actually a product of history.

Since the private ownership of property in human society, there has also been corruption. Fail.

In different historical periods, rot. The content and definition of corruption may be different, but as long as there is private property, it is impossible for any society to be free of corruption. Fail.

Rot. Defeat is incompatible with the order of the society in which it is located. No society would openly advocate it. On the contrary, to govern corruption. Failure is the common responsibility of all social managers.

And to judge the social atmosphere of a society, we cannot look at whether the society is corrupt. Defeat and even not just look at rot. The most important thing about the number of failures is whether the managers can deal with corruption. Failure to effectively control.

If a society is corrupt. Failure becomes the wind, and managers lose their grip on corruption. If you lose control, then this regime will not last long.

It is fair to say that if so many measures are taken and such great efforts are put into grasping and managed, the results will definitely be there, and they will not be small.

Especially in the beginning of the period, Zhili gave people the feeling of being completely new; Tube and no matter the nature is very different.

However, in the late Qing Dynasty, I wanted to completely change the corruption. The state of defeat is actually impossible; The so-called accumulation is difficult to return.

Corruption of officials. In the final analysis, it is because of the power in the hands of officials that they can seek special benefits for others, that people will give gifts and money to get the special care they want.

Corruption in officials. When defeated, people's eyes are used to focusing on officials.

People have a reason to do this, because officials hold a scarce resource, not a resource that can be obtained by effort – power.

But if you want to get to the bottom of the problem, if you want to solve the problem, you should make it clear that the officials themselves are not the whole problem.

There are gifts to receive, and no one gives gifts, which official can receive gifts.

As we have affirmed, it is important and necessary to break the "bad rules". But at the root of the corruption of officials. The fundamental problem of defeat is not only the "bad rules" that Yuan Shikai thinks, but the power itself. If power can't serve the special benefit of others, who will bother with power?

The problem is that power cannot be allowed to act arbitrarily, let alone do whatever it wants.

The problem is that things are open and transparent, and there can be no black-box operations.

The problem is that there must be rules and regulations for everything to do, and let individuals do nothing at will.

The problem is to put power in a cage. Within the scope of power, within the cage, you can gallop vertically and horizontally, get out of the cage, and then want to use power to do things, it will be difficult to move an inch.

The problem is to place power under effective supervision from all sides, because there is a common understanding that power without supervision will almost inevitably lead to corruption. Fail. ……

However, in Yuan Shikai's time, under the feudal privilege system, the above was impossible to achieve.

Feudal rule is essentially the rule of man rather than the rule of law, and in the final analysis, it is the will of the governor who decides everything. The iron-clad official of the Yamen is even Yuan Shikai's Su. Greed can achieve great results, and he may not be able to continue if he leaves, which is also the inevitable limitation of the system of rule by man.

One of Yuan Shikai's subordinates is called Zhou Ziyin, and he commented on Yuan Shikai's rectification of the officials:

When he was not an official in other provinces, he "often heard about the goodness of Beiyang employment administration".

And after the distribution of the direct subordinate, "tacitly inspect the chaos of the official circles, the reluctance of the officials, the congestion of personnel, and the decline of the atmosphere, which is beyond the reach of the plan." Setting up officials for the people can be chilling so far. ……

"In recent years, the New Deal has been held in the name of a national model, and it is not surprising that the state and county are more corrupt than other provinces. …… (Officials) are becoming more and more complex, and they are also moving in the art of daily labor. Cha Zhili from the province, the government and even the rank, the number of more than Hu Ben (meaning three thousand), cover the alternate and outside, the back of the hundreds, the service of the counselor hundreds, and no official position and pretending to be the title and the undistributed is hundreds, so it is said that Beiyang was the official at that time. ……

"It is rare for him to have one or two provinces and two differences, and it is normal for him to have four or five differences in his direct subordinates. He has a part-time salary but not a salary, and a direct subordinate has a part-time salary but not a bad salary. Often the person who is irresponsible in a bureau is not the official, but the secretary and secretary. There is also a redundancy to settle private individuals, and as a result, there are "five sheep and ten herds" and those who have no name to wait for and have nothing to do. ……

"This Beiyang feature is rare in all provinces."

What does it mean, at least in terms of human superficiality, Naoli is much worse than elsewhere.

It's no wonder that Governor Yuan Shikai is directly subordinate and his qualifications are not old. We often say that the prime minister's family is a seven-grade official, which of those officials in the court, Yuan Shikai, can afford to provoke, and whoever asks him to arrange a personal person does not have to take one leg to do it.

He has something to ask for others, and if people ask for him, he may not be able to ask for it.

There are so many locations, there is no place to arrange, so I have to "five sheep and ten herds".

Some people have arranged positions, but they can't do anything, so they can only be the clerks and not the officials.

Someone arranged it, but it couldn't be in place, so it could only be paid and no one was seen.

Yuan Shikai is such a person who knows the situation, can he not know about this situation? What if you know him? Anyway, they all eat imperial food, and they don't need Yuan Shikai to take one from his pocket.

Perhaps, there is a sentence that when he was not an official in other provinces, it was enough to hear that Beiyang was good at employing people, because what Yuan Shikai wanted was politics. Performance.

Someone asked, Yuan Shikai worked so hard to fight corruption. Defeated, how about himself? Is he greedy or not?

Yuan Shikai's last nine wives, where can one of them live badly?

Every month everyone has a share of money, not to mention his dozens of children.

There are also those properties and lands that he has in office, and he has to constantly send money to Yixuan, Ronglu and others.

Qing Zheng. The salary of the government is so low, how much can he pay for the governor of the government?

If there is no other way to make money, my wife and children may have to live by drinking the northwest wind.

I'm afraid that greed must be greedy, it's just that greed is more and greedy, and how shameless is greed.

Why is this question being asked? The implication is that if Yuan Shikai himself is a greedy person. Official, what kind of greed are you against?

However, Yuan Shikai reversed. Greed is real, and his own greed should be real.

In fact, corrupt officials are not necessarily invincible. Covet.

Perhaps, in a sense, greedy. Officials are more capable and qualified to fight corruption, because at least the corrupt business can be more familiar.

Don't be greedy. Senses tolerate greed. Official? Most likely, greedy. The official can't tolerate others being greedy, and let others be greedy, what is he greedy for?

People who are very greedy and greedy are very selfish people, and they are all people who like to eat alone, and such people may not tolerate others being greedy.

Many people have pointed out that of Yuan Shikai's four measures to rectify the rule of officials, the fourth one that has achieved the greatest results.

Through the opening of "official wisdom," it has indeed broadened the horizons of officials, enabled them to gain insight, knowledge, and ability. Especially for these people who are born in Baguwen.

Yuan Shikai's training officials have indeed cultivated some talents for the country.

For example, Zhou Xuexi returned from an expedition in Japan and opened the Zhili Craft Bureau according to the Japanese model. He made great contributions to the future economic development of Tianjin, and he himself became a famous industrialist.

Tianjin Governor Ling Fupeng returned from the inspection and, with the full support of Yuan Shikai, presided over Tianjin's political and legal reform. Leather. Establish a tribunal and convict the crime. Guilty of the art institute, open China's judicial reform. Revolutionary precedent.

Huang Jing returned from the inspection and promoted new agricultural technology, benefiting the country and the people, and his merits were immeasurable.