A great man once said, 'China's problem is the problem of the peasants, it is the problem of land', and the ancient peasant uprisings were often due to the collapse of the land system, and the annexation of land led to the loss of land and the displacement of the peasants. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 The Southern Song Dynasty did not suppress land annexation, but due to the decrease in territory and the increase in population in the Southern Song Dynasty, land annexation was also extremely serious at the end of the Song Dynasty, and the land was concentrated in the hands of large landlords and big bureaucrats, which led to a surge in social contradictions and a loss of confidence in the country, which cannot but be said to be one of the reasons for the death of the Song Dynasty.

The Mongols were even more bizarre, not only did not set out to eliminate the contradictions brought about by land annexation, but instead plundered and annexed land on a large scale. The land of the Yuan Dynasty, from the perspective of the form of possession, can be divided into two categories: official land and private land. Guantian is the land directly occupied by the feudal government represented by the feudal emperor, including tuntian (juntun, mintun), vocational field, school field, pasture, pasture land and a large number of fields given by the emperor to nobles, bureaucrats and monasteries; Folk land refers to the private land occupied by bureaucratic landlords, ordinary wealthy landlords, monasteries, and yeoman farmers.

The destruction of the Southern Song Dynasty by the Yuan Dynasty was a further expansion of the scope of their plundering for the Mongols, the Semu ruling class, and the bureaucratic landlords of various ethnic groups in the north who had defected to the Mongol rulers; For ordinary Han landlords, it is a wonderful gap to rob and annex land while the fire is burning. Therefore, after the unification of the whole of China in the Yuan Dynasty, the large land ownership system developed rapidly on the basis of the Song and Jin dynasties, and the ruling class occupied more and more land, but the land of the yeoman peasants became less and less, or they became tenants of feudal landlords, or they were displaced.

After the fall of the Song and Jin dynasties, not only the original official land was transferred to the Yuan government, but the land plundered by the nobles, bureaucrats and warlords of the Song and Jin dynasties also became the official land of the Yuan Dynasty, and its amount was considerable. Another source of official land in the Yuan Dynasty was that there was no official land and that private land had to be directly occupied under various pretexts. The Southern Song Dynasty land guards resolutely resisted the Yuan army, and the landlords in Jiangnan who supported the Southern Song Dynasty regime's struggle against the Yuan Dynasty did not have official land.

After the Mongol rulers of the Yuan Dynasty entered the Han agricultural areas, they realized that it was beneficial for the people to stabilize their rule by allowing the people to settle for agriculture, so in the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan implemented a series of policies conducive to agricultural development. However, due to the traditional habits of nomadic life for a long time, and the need for a large number of war horses to prevent and suppress the resistance of the people of all ethnic groups, pastures and grasslands continued to expand after the reunification of the country. In the vicinity of the army garrisons scattered throughout the country, pastures were opened up to raise horses, while the pastures and grasslands in the interior and south were mainly enclosed from civilian fields.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Tuntian was laid out in all corners of the country, from the Central Plains to the frontier, and there was no place without tun. The tuntian field is wide, but the official land is insufficient, so the people's land is seized. In addition, it is often used that the signed households bring their own "own fields" to fill the number, and the tun households are hereditary, so even part of the fields they occupy have become official fields. Once the free peasants were signed as tun households, they lost both their land and their personal freedom, and they were forcibly attached to fixed land for generations, becoming permanent tenants of the state.

In addition, the Yuan court gave a part of the official land to the nobles and bureaucrats, and the amount and prosperity of the indiscriminate gift are also rare in history. The Mongols, the Semu aristocracy, and the bureaucrats of various nationalities, in addition to receiving a large amount of land from the imperial court and the land granted by the emperor, also occupied large tracts of land through war, plunder, and other coercive means. Since Genghis Khan, the Mongol rulers have used various religions as an aid to rule their people, and the number of rewards given to monasteries is staggering.

The Yuan Dynasty was a typical dynasty in which the poor became poorer and the rich became richer, with the Mongol aristocracy, the Han landlords, the wealthy merchants of the southerners, and the monks constituting a super-wealthy class. Moreover, in the face of huge inflation, these wealthy classes can also resist inflation through real estate such as fields, real estate, gold, silver and jewelry, while ordinary farmers do not have the ability to passively enjoy the rapid depreciation of paper money. Therefore, only twenty years after the Yuan Dynasty ruled the country, the Central Plains and Jiangnan rebelled in all directions......

The southeast region was the last area of the Song Dynasty, and it was also the area with the most fierce resistance, so it was also the most oppressed, with many uprisings and uprisings. However, it was often difficult to last, and it was quickly suppressed by the Yuan army, but it was also on the same page as the Yuan court. In the midst of this, the bureau also fanned the flames, constantly causing trouble, integrating various forces in Liangguang, Jiangxi, and Fujian, and establishing several small base areas at the junction of Liangguang, and now only a few isolated cities are still under the control of the Yuan army in several areas.

However, spontaneous uprisings among the people also continued to occur, and a large-scale riot occurred in Xinhui, Guangdong the spring before last, and Zhao Yuyi inquired about the involvement of his relatives. The name of this incident is Lin Guifang, and his father Lin Shu was the Taishou of Qiongzhou in the Song Dynasty, and he lived in the township. When the Xing Dynasty moved to the vicinity of Guangzhou, Lin Shu became friendly with Zhao Bici of the Zhao Song clan who escorted him and became close friends.

Zhao Bici's original name was Xunya, the eleventh grandson of Zhao Kuangyin. Dengjinshi was named Shangzhu State. Yuanshi captured Lin'an, fled south with Concubine Yang to protect the two kings, from Fujian to Guangdong, and entrusted the eldest son Zhao Liangchao and the second son Zhao Liangyu to Linshu, and died in Yashan. Lin Shu took the responsibility of raising Zhao Si, hid them in Dongxiang, Muzhou Town, and changed Zhao Liangchao's name to Lin Danu and Zhao Liangyu's name to Lin Ernu.

Lin Shu lived up to expectations, treated the two like close relatives, trained in poetry, practiced bow and art, and made unremitting efforts all year round. Lin Shu has two sons, and the second son, Lin Guifang, is good at practicing martial arts, and is friendly with the Zhao brothers. A few years later, Qiongzhou was flourishing, and several young people responded as soon as they discussed, and raised the banner in Luopanjian in the west of Soap Curtain Mountain, gathering thousands of people to resist the Yuan Dynasty and the Song Dynasty.

Think of a few hairy boys, who have no military training and no experience in leading troops in battle, and who put up the banner of rebellion with the courage of the moment as soon as their brains are hot. Xinhui is a stone's throw away from Guangzhou, and it is an important coastal town, how could the Yuan army sit idly by. Tongzhi Guangdong Xuanwei Secretary Wang Shouxin led the army to suppress, and the righteous army was defeated in the first battle, losing more than 3,000 people, and the army commander Pan Sheren was captured. After the defeat, a few people knew that fighting was not such a fun thing, so they could only retreat to Soap Curtain Mountain, and they were in danger under the siege of the enemy.

At this time, Pingkang Ou Nanxi and Ma Nanbao took the opportunity to cause an incident, and Zengcheng Cai Dalao, Zhong Dalao, Tang Dalao and others responded, captured and killed the Yuan Guangdong Provincial Salt Transport Envoy Hela Puhua, and joined forces to reinforce Lin Guifang's troops. For a time, Linghai was shaken, and the enemy general Zhang Yu would gather 10,000 soldiers and horses in Jiangxi Province to fight, and the two sides fought for a long time and repeatedly defeated the Yuan army. Seeing that the situation was good, Ou Nanxi and Ma Nanbao turned to attack Guangzhou, but they failed to overcome repeated battles, so they had to return to Xinhui and contact Li De. Rieder then gathered more than 700 large and small boats, claiming that 200,000 people responded to the uprising.

Seeing that the things in Guangdong were getting bigger and bigger, and they had already turned the sky upside down, Zhao Yu was so angry that his brain hurt. He originally wanted to make a fortune by cooperating with the merchants, accumulate strength, arrange chess pieces, and at the same time train the new army by accumulating experience while fighting, and at the same time arm the volunteers to establish a solid base area.

But a few young people made trouble, Zhao Yu had already sent the navy into Yashan to prepare to take his two relatives to Qiongzhou, but he didn't expect Ma Nanbao to take the opportunity to cause trouble and get into it in a daze. And Li De is a team of pirates who were incorporated by the Affairs Bureau, and they were originally used to smuggle goods and transport illicit salt, but now they also followed the coaxing, thinking about how more than 200,000 people who attacked Guangzhou and killed officials could hide it. It's just that people are kind enough to use the banner of 'anti-Yuan and Song Dynasty', and the account must be calculated on their heads.

Sure enough, within a few days, the merchants came to the door to ask for the guilt, saying that Qiongzhou did not comply with the agreement and disturbed Guangdong, and they could no longer suppress the matter. Zhao Yu was also very helpless, speaking of these merchants is also interesting enough, because of the conflict between a salt selling team to which he belonged and the Jiangxi Province's solicitation, Chen Liangchen, the leader of his team, mobilized tens of thousands of people from Dongguan, Xiangshan, and Huizhou to prepare for confrontation. In the end, it was the merchants who got through the way of the Jiangxi Provincial Inspector and dismissed the barbarians to settle the matter.

And this time the matter was big, Mengyuan Jiangxi Province Yidu Marshal Keer Bo Hague, Xuanwei envoy Bai Zuo two 10,000 households, together with Wang Shouxin to conquer the 'rebels'. For these unorganized and undisciplined 'grass robbers', Zhao Hao really wanted to leave them alone and let them be exterminated by the Yuan army, but after thinking about it, there were two royal relatives of his own. In addition, Ma Nanbao was awarded the Ministry of Industry for subsidizing the food and salary of the court, and the holy driver also lived in their house, and the family was also loyal to the imperial court. If you let go of yourself, it doesn't seem to be interesting.

Zhao Yu knew that once his strength was exposed, he would provoke Kublai Khan's heavy troops to encircle and suppress him, and the chess pieces he had worked so hard to lay out would also be pulled out one by one. If you don't do it, those volunteers will be wiped out in a minute, don't look at their claim to be 200,000 people, half of them would be good, and those who can fight will have to be subtracted by fifty percent. Helpless, he could only act as a firefighting team, he sent two additional divisions to turn to Guangzhou to make an attack, and then the merchants of the mediation mediated from it, one is to let the Yuan army that encircled and suppressed the righteous army withdraw and return to help; The second is to sell to the businessmen to save face and return their personal favors.

Of course, the fake show has to be really done, the Song army in Guangzhou has been here many times, in order to prevent the Song army from being occupied again, the city wall of Guangzhou has been demolished and has become a miscellaneous courtyard. The Qiongzhou naval army was familiar with pulling out the nails outside the port and rushing into the port, and then adhering to the little emperor's teaching that thieves should not go empty, the arson army wantonly 'looted' in the original city of Fan, and bombarded the official office with artillery fire, ordering it to surrender as soon as possible, otherwise the Mongols in the city would be slaughtered.

The scene of the Qiongzhou army breaking through the city of Guangzhou has not been forgotten, and the people of course hope that Wang Shi will enter the city, but those bureaucrats and businessmen are frightened, and the people who were killed at that time were bleeding like rivers and their family wealth was clean. So they reported to Jiangxi Province to ask for aid as soon as possible, and although Guangzhou has declined, it is still an important town in the southeast, and the consequences are unimaginable if it fails. And the merchants who escaped also took the opportunity to appear, and Cheng was able to mediate to get the enemy to retreat.

After some bargaining, the results finally came in May, the Yuan army retreated and let the 'traitors' disperse without being held accountable, and the Song army withdrew after collecting the ransom. The whole city raised 2 million pieces of silver, and 500,000 stone of grain was handed over to the Song army and immediately withdrew. Zhao Yu took the opportunity to invite these 'grandfathers' back to Qiongzhou, they should be rectified, they should be spanked, but the seeds have been planted, waiting for the spring rain to come again......

After four years, the Xing Dynasty has successively established more than a dozen base areas in Liangguang, Fujian, Jiangxi and Fujian, which can not only attack and defend each other, but also echo each other. At the same time, Zhao Yu selected officials from the Xing Dynasty to go to various base areas to establish political power, improve institutions, and implement management. Today, the large base areas occupy several states, and the small ones also occupy several counties, and although they are all remote areas, the population has more than 4 million.

According to the class analysis that Zhao Yu learned in his previous life, he knew that there were two major categories of people in the occupied areas, one was the powerful surname, and they raised their banners to rebel in order to make profits. On the other hand, there are poor households, some of whom are suffering from hunger and cold, and in order to change their situation, they turn to follow the rebels. The powerful surname not only had contradictions with the Yuan court, but also often colluded with officials and profited each other. They can rise up against the government for a certain period of time and under certain conditions, but their fundamental interests are the same as those of the ruling class. The common people, who were generally born in poor households, were resolute participants in the revolt.

Therefore, Zhao Yu also knew that it was impossible to tie the people on the base ground to his chariot only by righteousness, so that they could get benefits and see the benefits before they could be willing to change from spontaneous to conscious on the car. Chinese people have a special complex for land, and in the current agricultural society, land is the lifeblood of farmers, so Zhao Yun first implemented land reform in various base areas. Based on the experience he had accumulated in Qiongzhou, he still used the method of dividing land according to the land, so that the people could be tied to the land and prevent them from fleeing, and at the same time all kinds of exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes were abolished, schools were opened, and local virtuous gentry were selected to participate in the management.

The source of the land was naturally to rob and kill the traitorous landlords, to slaughter the Tartar nobles who were running horses and to occupy the land, to expel the Semu people who forcibly occupied the land, and to distribute the land to the common people and those emancipated 'outcasts'. And if you want to occupy these lands for a long time, you have to fight with the enemy, fight with the enemy, once you have the blood of the Tartars on your hands, it is difficult to turn back, and only by uniting under the banner of the imperial court can you survive and keep your gains.

With the continuous consolidation of the base areas, Zhao Yu found that the situation was somewhat similar to the period of the Anti-Japanese War in the previous life, the cities belonged to the enemy, the vast countryside was his own, the Tartar decrees could only be used at all levels, and it was simply difficult to penetrate into the remote villages......