Acting at about the same time as Sichuan was Shaanxi's defense of national independence. If the Yangtze River is used to divide the north and the south, Shaanxi is the only province in the north that protects the country and is independent.

The one who made a major contribution to Shaanxi's independence was another Chen of the "Erchen Tang" - Chen Shufan.

Chen Shufan (1885-1949), whose name is Baisen, was a native of Ankang, Shaanxi. In the eleventh year of Guangxu (1885 AD), he was born in a family of silk merchants. His father, Chen Shengde, got his only seedling in his early forties, taught him to practice Confucian classics since he was a child, hoping that he would be admitted to the imperial examination and embark on a career in office. When Chen Shufan was eighteen years old, Guangxu issued an edict to abolish the imperial examination, and Chen Shengde's wish was frustrated.

In 1905, an army primary school was established in Shaanxi, and Chen Shufan went to study at the school. In the second year, the Beijing Army Department established the Baoding Army Accelerated School, and the Shaanxi Army Primary School decided to send 30 excellent students to further study, and Chen Shufan was also escorted to enter the Baoding Army Accelerated School Artillery Department.

In 1910, Chen Shufan returned to Shaanxi after graduation and was assigned to the artillery battalion of the Shaanxi Army Mixed Association as a platoon commander, and soon transferred to the ordnance officer. On the eve of the Xinhai Xi'an Uprising, under the leadership of Jing Bemu, the head of the Shaanxi branch of the League, he joined the League.

On October 22, 1911, Chen Shufan participated in the Xi'an Uprising (Xinhai Revolution). After the founding of the Republic of China, he served as the commander of the Fourth Brigade of the Independent Mixed Brigade.

In order to control Shaanxi, not long after the founding of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai sent his henchman Lu Jianzhang to lead the elite sixth division of the Beiyang Army into Shaanxi. Soon Lu Jianzhang was appointed governor of Shaanxi.

Lu Jianzhang is ruthless and vicious, killing people like hemp, and is known as "Lu Butcher". In order to protect himself, Chen Shufan sent a batch of high-quality tobacco and antique jewelry to Lu Jianzhang and his son Lu Chengwu, and also swore to Lu Chengwu as brothers. In this way, the two divisions and three brigades in Shaanxi were successively reduced and annexed, but only Chen Shufan's fourth brigade was preserved.

Chen Shufan's attachment to Lu Jianzhang aroused strong dissatisfaction and accusations from the Shaanxi revolutionaries. On the one hand, Chen Shufan defended himself, and on the other hand, he secretly took in some Kuomintang officers and soldiers who had been laid off, and covered up some Kuomintang figures who were being pursued by Lu Jianzhang, and gradually won the understanding of the Kuomintang figures.

After Yunnan defended the country, the Shaanxi People's Army revolted against Yuan. Chen Shufan's troops had long been in contact with the people's armies from all walks of life, so Lu Jianzhang's suspicion aroused Chen Jianzhang's suspicion, and Chen Shufan was transferred from northern Shaanxi to southern Shaanxi, and Chen Shufan took advantage of the situation to raise the banner of protecting the country and opposing Yuan.

Lu Jianzhang's eldest son Lu Chengwu (commander of the First Brigade) volunteered to lead his headquarters to attack Chen, but in the battle of Fuping, this young master Lu was captured alive by Hu Jingyi, the battalion commander of Chen Shufan's department.

On the one hand, Chen Shufan took Lu Chengwu as a hostage and coerced Lu Jianzhang.

On the other hand, Hu Jingyi was appointed as the head of the left wing detachment and advanced to the east of Xi'an; Guo Jian was appointed as the commander of the right-wing detachment and advanced to the area west of Xi'an; He commanded the rest of the troops to concentrate near Xi'an and encircled Xi'an.

At the same time, Chen Shufan sent someone to see Lu Jianzhang and asked Lu Jianzhang to lay down his arms with the release of Lu Chengwu and the protection of the safety of the Lu family's lives and property. Lu Jianzhang saw that the general trend had gone, so he had to agree to a peaceful settlement.

So Chen Shufan issued an independent telegram: "Since Xinhai, the people's strength has been exhausted, and they can't bear to have a war, so they have trapped our people hard, and they have been calm for several months. It was a north-south consultation, which had no effect for a long time, and the people of Shaanxi had a long-standing grudge against the greedy behavior of the Lu Overseers, and they could not stop it. caused the county to fall continuously, and there was an uproar from far and near. Coupled with the land department, the disturbance is even worse, and the same species kills each other, which is very inhumane. On the 9th of the month, he officially declared independence in the name of the commander-in-chief of the Shaanxi Protector Army in Pucheng, northern Shaanxi, hoping to promote the progress of peace talks and seek public order in Shaanxi. As soon as the wind blows, the volunteers are all returned. Today, the army has been stationed in Sanyuan, and the army has effectively negotiated with the army, and ordered the army to disarm and withdraw from Shaanxi. Lu has admitted that the Shu Fan will be stationed in Xi'an tomorrow to surrender, and is ready to build everything. ”

On 15 May, Chen Shufan led his troops into Xi'an. On 18 May, Lu Jianzhang issued a telegram in the name of a mighty general, and Chen Shufan in the name of the governor of the Shaanxi Protector Army:

In order to shorten the war disaster in the Central Plains and reduce the area of destruction in Shaanxi, the Shu Fan declared independence in the name of the Shaanxi Protector Army on the 9th, and at the same time requested that the establishment of the chapter be renamed the governor and disassociate himself from the central government. Jianzhang remembered Xiangcheng for 20 years of acquaintance, then did not dare to agree, read Shaanxi 8 million souls, and could not bear to oppose, to do their own thing, by the Shu Fan in the name of the governor and civil chief, as the province's public security, Jianzhang should return to the capital, bound to the crime. ”

On the same day that Yuan published "The Beginning and End of the Imperial System", the soup of "Erchen Tang", Tang Qianming, the general of Hunan Jingwu, declared independence.

Hunan was originally a passage for troops from all sides, Xiangxi could enter Sichuan, Guizhou, and southern Hunan could enter Guangdong. After the defeat of the Second Revolution of the Kuomintang, the Hunan Army was disbanded by Yuan, and only five garrisons in the nature of local teams remained. The strength of each team ranged from three to five battalions, and the equipment and combat effectiveness were very weak, and the Beiyang Army under the direct command of Tang Qianming had only one mixed brigade of Che Zhen, which was stationed in the Changsha and Baoqing areas.

Cao Kun's 3rd Division of the Beiyang Army was stationed in Yuezhou, not under Tang's command, and was a powerful force that Yuan used to choke Hunan's throat. After the Protectorate Uprising, the Third Division was transferred to Sichuan, Yuan sent the Sixth and Twentieth Divisions to Xiangxi to attack Guizhou, and Ni Sichong's brother Ni Yudi led the 15th Battalion of the Anwu Army to Yuezhou, preparing to sail to Hunan to attack Guangxi.

In mid-April, the Guangxi Protector Army set out to Hunan, and Wangyunting, the envoy of Yongzhou Town, declared independence on the 27th.

The Guangxi army moved from Yongzhou to Hengzhou, and Lu Rongting strongly persuaded Tang Qianming to raise the banner of independence, repeatedly saying that the Protector Army would support and maintain his position as the governor of Hunan.

The anti-Yuan figures in Hunan, such as Zhao Hengti, Chen Fuchu, and Zeng Jiwu, all came to Hunan to help Tang incorporate various armies to form the Hunan Army.

He telegraphed Yuan Shikai to withdraw the Beiyang Army in Hunan, so as to prevent Hunan from turning into a north-south battlefield. Yuan said that it was acceptable, but secretly instructed Ni Yudi, who was in Yuezhou, to monitor Tang's actions nearby.

In May, Tang Qianming's attitude changed from vague to clear, and after the publication of Feng Guozhang and Zhang Xun's April telegram and Feng's May telegram, Tang refuted it in a telegram on 4 May.

He said: "It is theoretically impossible to delete the entire history of the Republic of China in the past four years because of the president's personal behavior, and instead hand over the original case according to the Qing Dynasty, so it is recommended that the president announce his retirement and succeed him as vice president, which is more above board." ”

From this telegram, it is shown that Tang advocated Yuan's abdication and Li Yuanhong's succession as president, an attitude that echoed the anti-Yuan Protectorate position. In Tang's selfishness, since he is from Hubei and Li Yuanhong is a fellow villager in Hubei, it is beneficial for Tang that Li succeeds as president. On this point, he disagreed with Duan Qirui and Feng Guozhang of the Beiyang lineage, and Duan and Feng were not happy that Li would succeed as president.

In late May, the interior of the Beiyang system became more and more scattered. The pressure of the Guangxi Protector Army on Hunan intensified day by day, and the anti-Yuan People's Army in Hunan became more and more powerful.

On 24 May, Tian Yingzhao, the envoy of Xiangxi Town and the commander of the Zhenhuang Army, declared independence, and under such circumstances, Tang Qianming had to declare independence on 29 May.

In Tang Qianming's independent telegram, he also called Yuan "my father", and also said "perceiving the selfishness".

"Jun Jian, former president of Beijing Yuan: I received a telegram from General Feng, calling on my public to be honored, sincerely seeing that my public has a declaration of sacrifice for the country, believing in the depth of my father, loving my father, and having this telegram, the cycle is repeated three times, and the heart is pounding. State affairs are thorny, and disasters are lurking, but they are like ten thousand arrows on the string, and they are about to break out, and they cannot be fought by force. The power of force can be opposed to force, and today's efforts are based on the hearts of people without the slightest force, and since the rise of the army, people all over the country, directly and indirectly, positive and negative, all of them are obstructed by our public. Qian Mingwu people didn't know the power of people's hearts at first, and even here. Even my father-in-law may not know his power. Now that it has come to this, the people's hearts are appeased and the road is completely over, and there is really no other way to be above the dignity of the Emperor.

The so-called sacrifices for the country are still being done today. If I don't want to do it now, then my father and the country will sacrifice their ears together! The speaker said that our public side used the aftermath to think that it was a plan to delay. Honesty is inevitably presumptuous, and if Gu My Father does not retreat for a day, that is, the overall situation is uneasy for a day, and the status quo can no longer be maintained, let alone the aftermath. The morale of the military and civilians in Hunan Province has been high for a long time. As of the Nanjing Conference, there has been no result so far, and hope for peace is far away. The indignation of the military and the people could not be suppressed. On the 29th, at the request of the gentry, merchants, military and people, we have declared independence, and have taken concerted action with the provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Sichuan, and Shaanxi, so as to promote the determination of our public to retire and to resolve the overall situation quickly. Xiang Ming's body is my father's patriotic plan, perceives the selfishness of encounters, pays tribute to sincerity, and resolutely decisively retired, so as to lay the foundation of the country and eternal reputation. There is no need to do anything, and everything you say is enough. Tang Qianming knocked. Yan. ”

Tang Youzhi independent provinces electricity:

"Commander of Zhaoqing Cendu, governors of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Sichuan, and Shaanxi, civil affairs chiefs, commanders, divisions, brigades, and regiments: Xiangcheng is treasonous, the law is invalid, resort to force, and know the will of the public. Qian Ming is coarse and righteous, has long expressed sympathy, and takes the left and right to multiply, causing the cane Yue Bingxuan to be late. The five middle schools are depressed, it is difficult to sleep and feed, they are afraid of people's livelihood, they are afraid of poison, and they are forbearant and forbearant to achieve peace. The city abolished the imperial system, declared that the matter was calm, and he still hoped to repent and retire on his own to thank our people.

"Because Nanjing initiated the conference, he sent representatives to make a statement according to the "Covenant Law", and he hoped that the public would be able to make a big statement, and work together to persuade him to retreat, so that the people could see the light of day again. Nai Die received a call from Xuzhou and Bengbu, and the representatives of Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi provinces, on the grounds that they would not be hijacked by the other party, advocated the early abdication of Xiangcheng. In this case, there is no hope of a peaceful solution, but on this day the congregation swore an oath to Yuan Zheng. The government severed the relationship, and after reluctantly obeying the princes, they jointly opened the division of the tart. All the people are united, the soldiers use their lives, swear to eliminate the virus, and establish the republic. Wangxi pointer, under Kuang ignorance, respect the whip, only obey! Hunan Governor Tang Qianming. Yan. ”

The Kuomintang regarded the defense of the country and opposition to Yuan as a continuation of the "second revolution", and the Kuomintang people scattered all over the country gathered under the banner of protecting the country and opposing Yuan.

One of the leaders of the Kuomintang, Ju Zheng and Wu Dazhou, organized armed forces in the areas of Weixian, Gaomi, and Zhoucun in Shandong, and Ju Zheng was called the commander-in-chief of the Northeast of the Chinese Revolutionary Army, and Wu Dazhou was renamed the Shandong Protector Army.

When the Chinese Revolutionary Army led by Ju Zheng rebelled, the telegram was as follows:

"Mr. Sun Yat-sen, Mr. Tang Shaochuan, Mr. Cen Yunjie of Zhaoqing, Tang Governor of Yunnan, Governor Liu of Guizhou, Governor of Lu of Guangxi, Governor of Lv of Zhejiang, Commander-in-Chief Cai of Sichuan, Commander-in-Chief of Baise Li Gongjian: The beginning of the war, the southern service is rough, the tart is not opened, the fierce rebellion is unharmed, the peace is repeatedly rumored, the sun and the moon sit in the famine, the hope of the fathers and elders of the Central Plains, the heart of the strong man in the gray sea, even if it is resolved peacefully, the matter is hasty, although the jackal goes, the fox still exists, the reality of the republic is not raised, the disaster of the revolution is endless, the internal strife is repeated, the vitality is healed, and the catastrophe is difficult to recover, I hope to come to the place, and I can cry without crying. Now our division rises Qingqi, approaching Beijing, temporarily living in Weiyi, repeatedly under the famous city, the soldiers have a dead heart, people have no will to live, the award rate of the three armies, to wait for the Ming Sect, fight the same enemy, and have two hearts. The sincerity of the district should be inspected. The commander-in-chief of the Northeast Army stationed in Wei is knocking. ”

Wu Dazhou, the governor of the Shandong Protector Army stationed in Zhoucun, also issued a telegram about the uprising of the Protector Army against Yuan:

"Yuan thieves abused, plagued our country, destroyed civil rights, stole artifacts, the whole world was angry, and everyone was centrifuged. I am a foreigner, I have tried to lie on the salary, I have been in a place for many years, the thief is not finished, the destiny is difficult to tell, the empty fist is open, and the great honor has not been collected. Fortunately, the thieves are full of evil, and the emperor repents. Billions of trillions of people in unison, killing thieves and protecting the country. I am intimidating, the time is difficult, the three armies are rewarded, the demons are cleared, and the sea is strong, and the sun is seen again. The sanctuary of East Asia, the revival of civilization. Report the grace of the country and do your duty. If you have to have it, you can't call it a good soldier. All my compatriots, please forgive. Hereby I hereby show you. Wu Dazhou, the governor of the Shandong Protector Army, and Bo Tianming, the commander-in-chief. Song. Stamp. ”

Shandong's anti-Yuan forces grew, and in early May the People's Army marched into the vicinity of Jinan to persuade the Shandong general Jin Yunpeng to declare independence and take military action if Jin Yunpeng refused.

Shandong General Jin Yunpeng saw that the civilian army was strong and did not dare to refuse, so he used the strategy of delaying the army. He falsely claimed that he was very much in favor of overthrowing Yuan, but Shandong could not be compared with Yunnan and Guizhou, not to mention that it was not geographically contiguous, and there was no need for independence, so he could only urge Yuan to step down. If Yuan did not reply, the military and political figures in Shandong Province would deal with Yuan with a general resignation. At present, for the sake of local tranquility, the people's army should defend its original defense. The government and the army defend the land, the government. The government was forced to meet each other in arms.

At this time, the Yuan army and the people's army in Shandong were evenly matched, and the two sides were in a stalemate.

Jin Yunpeng had a close relationship with Feng Guozhang and Duan Qirui in the Beiyang military system, and after the Hongxian Emperor, they all turned away from Yuan, and when the strength of the Shandong People's Army gradually became stronger, he took this opportunity to call to persuade Yuan to resign and let Xian, claiming that if there was no satisfactory answer, he had to declare independence.

On 29 May, Yuan Shikai summoned Jin Yunpeng to Beijing to discuss the issue of abdication, and Jin was ordered to do so. Unexpectedly, halfway through, Yuan ordered him to be removed from his post of supervising military affairs in Shandong, and Zhang Huaizhi, commander of the Fifth Division, was assigned to succeed him. In this way, Shandong's independence was also put on hold.