Chapter 660 Days

"The Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Chronicles of the Law" said: "The life of the calendar is also the establishment of the instrument, the school day, the scenery is long, and the end of the day."

The day is the end, the week is the year, and then the scene is gone.

All around, one thousand four hundred and sixty-one days, and the beginning of the scene, is the end of the day.

and divide the day by the week, and get one quarter of three hundred and sixty-five days, which shall be the number of days of the year. ”

Translated this means that if the winter solstice of the first year occurs at noon, the winter solstice of the second year will occur a quarter of a day after noon.

In the third year, the winter solstice occurs one-half of the day after noon, in the middle of the night.

The winter solstice of the fourth year occurs three-quarters after noon.

It wasn't until the fifth year that the winter solstice returned to noon.

If we use the Gui table to measure it, we will find that the first year has the longest shadow, the second year is slightly shorter, the third year is the shortest, the fourth year is equal to the second year, and the fifth year is the same as the first year again.

Due to the rain, the change of sun shadow is small, etc., the measurement error is still very large.

Or Zu Dada, proposed a new method with strict mathematical significance for measuring the time of the winter solstice.

He used the idea of symmetry to measure the length of the shadow of the watch a few days before and a few days after the winter solstice, and then came up with a set of algorithms to calculate the exact occurrence time of the winter solstice according to the law of the increase of the offset and decrease of the solar shadow.

Zu Dada's method has been ahead of the world for more than 700 years, but there are still errors.

This error comes from Zu Dada's two astronomical assumptions: First, the change in shadow length before and after the winter solstice is symmetrical. Second, the change in shadow length is uniform throughout the day.

However, this can't be blamed on him, limited by the measurement technology of the Han Dynasty, he can do this, and he is already a great man who has not been born for thousands of years.

However, the Heavenly Master's Mansion has far more precise weights and measures than the ancestors, a more powerful astronomical observation network, a more convenient way of expression, and a more reasonable statistical table, and after more than ten years, Zhang Tianshi has mastered the accurate value of the return year - 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds.

365.242199074 days, nine decimal places.

In March, Gengxu, Wang Anshi asked the Jingyi Bureau to revise the three classics of "Poetry", "Book" and "Zhou Li".

Wang Anshi was personally promoted, and Lu Huiqing and Wang Yan were written by fellow practitioners. The emperor wanted to summon Cheng Hao to predict what happened, but An Shi couldn't, but stopped.

On the same day, Zhang Tianshi arrived in Beijing to present the achievements of the Heavenly Master's Mansion in chemistry, astronomy, geography and medicine.

Su You asked the Reform Department of the Heavenly Supervisor to formulate a new calendar based on the observation and calculation results and methods of the Heavenly Master's Mansion;

At the same time, more precise weights and measures were used to transform astronomical instruments;

With a more scientific system of yellow longitude and declination, the 24 solar terms of the year are marked.

Two things, Zhao Ji readily agreed.

On the same day, three things were placed in the Si Tianjian - the Sun and Moon Five Star Meridian Balance Instrument provided by the Heavenly Master's Mansion, the pendulum timer provided by Songyang Academy, and the Taiping Armillary Sphere provided by the Taishi Bureau.

The Taiping armillary sphere is a water transportation armillary instrument created by Zhang Sixun, an official of the Heavenly Supervision Department of the Taiping Rejuvenation of the Great Song Dynasty, and then the machine rope was broken, and it was difficult to know its production method, resulting in the inability to repair.

Su You put forward a big goal and a small goal for Si Tianjian and the others.

The big goal is to integrate the armillary sphere, the armillary phenomenon, and the time signaling device into one, so that it has the ability to observe the movement of celestial bodies, demonstrate the changes of celestial phenomena, and accurately report the time.

This thing can be quite large, hence the name – the Elephant Stage.

The small goal is to get a precise timekeeping tool that automatically rings the bell every hour, hence the name - clock.

The two goals, one large and one small, are actually a huge project, which has to start with the translation of the instruments of Zu Chongzhi, Zhang Heng, Liang Lingzan, Zhang Sixun and others.

It also involves a lot of design, transformation, mechanical invention, finalizing the design by drawing scientific and engineering drawings, and then making models.

Su You's requirement is that he must write a book, so that all those who like to study, from theoretical principles to basic design, from estimation to verification, must be able to be understood by future generations, and no longer like Zu Dada's "Fixation", cut off for hundreds of years, and finally only get a fragment.

As for the missing engravings of the bells and drums, the new calendar, the astronomical observation instruments, etc., which His Majesty requested, they became simple things.

And the basis of all this is weights and measures.

After the fierce discussion of the world's top scientists in Si Tianjian, a new measurement scheme was finally come up with that blinded everyone.

Based on the theory proposed by Chen Zhaoming, everyone calculated the height of the celestial sphere from the ground, and then took the distance from the celestial equator to the North Pole as one ten-thousandth of the standard length.

After this value was calculated, all the scientists immediately looked at Su You like a demon and gave an explanation!

Su You had no choice but to touch his nose and laugh: "Coincidence, it's pure coincidence......"

Nowadays people do not know the concept that stars are infinitely far away from themselves, and think that they are moving on a spherical surface, and then now people are standing on the ground to observe the starry sky, so in the process of calculation, they regard themselves as a point and the starry sky as a sphere.

The result is to turn itself into the center of the earth, and to regard the distance from the surface of the earth to the center of the sphere as the distance from the celestial sphere to the ground.

So the calculated number is the distance from the Earth's equator to the North Pole divided by 10,000.

In the Song Dynasty, one foot was 31.68 centimeters in later generations, and Su You used three feet as one meter to make a percentile and a micrometer, and the resulting values were extremely close to today's astronomical values.

I don't know if after this matter is spread, it will be ironclad evidence that Tanhualang has descended from the stars.

With length weights and measures, there are volume weights and measures, which in turn can be obtained by the weight per unit volume of pure water.

Su You reported this plan to the court, which immediately caused an uproar.

There are those who are for it, and there are those who are against.

But there is no reliable reason for the opposition, to say that weights and measures cannot be changed, Wang Anshi, Sima Guang, Liu Chu and other classics, history, gold and stone masters, can come up with evidence to prove that weights and measures, from the pre-Qin to the Han and Tang dynasties, and then to the Song Dynasty, has changed a lot.

If you want to say that the weight standard is unreasonable to change from hexadecimal to decimal system, Su You said that the current scale is either the spring principle or the lever principle, and the proportional relationship or decimal system is more convenient to calculate.

The hexadecimal system is simple to make weights and measures, but it has led to measurement troubles, and the current technology of the Great Song Dynasty can completely solve this problem.

Sima Guang also mentioned a serious problem, Huang Zhongzhenglu has not yet had an accurate final sound, which has become a huge obstacle to the restoration of the ritual system in the Great Song Dynasty.

If the ancients could also get the number of days, and the number of days was measured, then why would there be such trouble now?

Therefore, Si Tianjian of the Great Song Dynasty was able to make such an unswerving weights and measures, which can be said to be a great achievement that opened the world.

The first thing Qin Shi Huang did to unify the six kingdoms was to unify the written word and measurement.

Zhao Ji immediately arrested Zhao Zongyou from Zhengzhou and explained to him what was going on with this "rice".

Don't dare to find the little sister, in Zhao Ji's feudal superstitious mind, the little sister's belly is the crystallization of the highest IQ of the Great Song Dynasty, it must be a baby, no matter how careful it is.

So Zhao Zongyou spent three days twisting Zhao Ji's brain into a pulp, but he still didn't let him understand how this length was calculated.

However, the general idea is clear, in short, this scale came into being to give birth to the number of days of Shangzong, taking the chance of Hao and the underworld, and being the standard balance of the world.

This weights and measures, which can be immovable for eternity, are indeed very reminiscent of the destiny of heaven and the dynasties of the dynasty.

There are even ministers who congratulate this and ask the honorable name Shao Tianxian Guwenwu Renxiao Emperor.

Zhao Ji smiled and excused himself that this is not good, or not.

Although the Great Song Dynasty has been given days in my generation, this is just God's way of encouraging me to continue to practice the heavens, and I should be humble or humble.

This forced pretense is really too big.

So at the end of March of the sixth year of Xining, Zhao Ji issued an order to make a new instrument for Si Tianjian, in addition to the traditional length, volume, weight of three types of weights and measures, the new temperature, concentration, for the eternal quasi-style, promulgated the world.

The first three sets of new vessels, made of platinum and glass, are respectively enshrined in the Taimiao, Si Tianjian and Hanlin Academy.

In view of his own academic worries, Prince Zhao did not protect Su oil and lectured on the "Principle" every five days.