Opposition comes from two main sources.

On one side are the Manchu nobles who are mainly the ministers of military aircraft, Tie Liang and Rong Qing. The abolition of the Military Aircraft Service, although they may serve in a separate position, will be greatly weakened after all.

Moreover, Yuan Shikai also envisioned that after the establishment of the House of Lords, the princes, Baylor, Beizi and others would not actually interfere in politics and let them act as councilors. This made these males and sons extremely angry.

Tie Liang insisted: "Constitutionalism is not necessary for centralization, and the implementation of centralized power is not to deprive the superintendent of military and financial powers, and to take over the central government. The government is not allowed", and its attack spearhead was directly aimed at Yuan Shikai, Zhang Zhidong and other local governors. The contradiction between the Manchus and the Han is looming.

At a meeting, Prince Zaifeng actually pulled out a pistol and went straight to Yuan Shikai's chest and said loudly: "You are so domineering, I will get rid of traitors for my master!" After the mediation of Yixuan, he gave up.

Because of the legend that the Ministry of Internal Affairs was also to be abolished, all the eunuchs had to be cut, and once when Yuan Shikai went to court, more than 100 eunuchs surrounded him and scolded him loudly, and some even beat him with fists, almost becoming a siege.

Yuan Shikai couldn't resist it, and hurriedly shouted for Yixuan to come over and relieve him. After Yixuan tried every means to persuade and promised not to dismiss the eunuchs, these eunuchs left angrily.

In order to avoid greater turmoil, the Qing court had to announce the "five non-discussions" in the reform of the official system: first, the affairs of the Military Aircraft Department were not discussed; second, the internal affairs department does not discuss matters; Third, the Eight Banners are not discussed; Fourth, the Hanlin Yuan does not discuss matters; Fifth, the supervisors do not discuss.

Another major opposition force came from the Han ministers and imperial historians with Qu Hongsui, Cen Chunxuan, Wang Wenshao, and Zhao Binglin as key roles. Some of them have been fighting with Yuan for power, and some have been angry at Yuan's party for personal gain for a long time, so they have surrendered to Cixi and resolutely oppose it. Some people start from the traditional Chinese concept and believe that changing the official system is "using razor to change Xia, disrupting national law and harming people's hearts"; Some people even clearly pointed out that Yuan Shikai's "responsible cabinet" is actually the exclusive power of a few prime ministers, that is, Yuan Shikai's exclusive power.

Some, on the contrary, criticized this from the perspective of the Western constitutional system, holding that the current restructuring was completely false, pointing out that the reason why the responsible cabinet of a foreign constitutional monarchy cannot exercise exclusive power is because there is a parliament to supervise and restrict it, and the Chinese parliament may not be able to establish it for a while, and the so-called "responsible cabinet" is neither responsible to the emperor nor to the parliament, but only to control the power of the emperors in the past.

People are always like this, and defending their own interests is the real reason for their opposition, but the damage to personal interests cannot be put on the table. Everyone also knows that the most taboo at the top is what is the main point, so the spearhead is mainly pointed at the responsible cabinet.

Liu Ruyi, the imperial historian, said: The prime minister is responsible for the monarch instead of the monarch, and he is "leading the world corporal doctor, and the imperial court is behind the inside...... Not to be taken lightly".

Zhang Ruiyin, the imperial historian, and Hu Sijing, the director of the ministry, played: The weight of the cabinet, "if you lose the puppet, you will produce the power of the ministers", the monarch's power will be replaced, and the military aircraft department must not be removed.

The imperial envoy Zhao Binglin pointed out: "The spirit of the constitution is all in the House of Representatives, and now we will not plan to convene the House of Representatives, but transfer the power of the monarch to the cabinet. ”

He and the five imperial historians jointly played: resolutely oppose the establishment of a responsible cabinet, saying that the responsible cabinet will inevitably lead to the monopoly of ministers, and the imperial power will not exist.

Wang Baotian, secretary of the cabinet, Li Jingye of the household department, and Ma Yuzhen of the military department, played a recital: denounced the reform of the official system as "using razing to change the summer, disrupting the law of the country and harming the people's hearts", and the establishment of a responsible cabinet is "real yin to seize the power of the imperial court".

Wen Hai, a cabinet scholar, and Lu Baozhong, the imperial historian, directly pointed the finger at Yuan Shikai, saying that he had messed up the government, corrupted the rules and discipline of the imperial court, and should be ordered to return to his headquarters and could not preside over the reform of the official system.

In this way, from the princes and nobles, the eunuchs of all sizes to the ministers of the imperial history, although they have different views, almost all of them oppose Yuan Shikai's reform of the official system, either going to Cixi to cry and make noise or constantly folding, and chickens and dogs jump every day.

Now in the imperial court, there is no constitution or constitution, and the factions that immediately establish the constitution and slow the constitution are opposed, as if all the factions are united to attack Yuan Shikai in unison.

Even Yixuan and Xu Shichang didn't dare to speak.

Although Zai Ze is the person in charge of the reform plan of the official system of the seal, he has cut off from Yuan Shikai, saying that he has not seen this plan at all.

Cixi may not have figured out what was going on with the constitution until now, but she understood the power of the responsible cabinet, and she was robbing her power for a long time.

What's going on with Yuan Shikai? summoned Yuan Shikai, and Yuan Shikai also said with a heartfelt speech: "There is no other good way, but to hurry up and seriously enact a constitutional law, if you still follow it carelessly, the country's momentum will be declining, and sovereignty will ......be reduced day by day." ”

Before Cixi could finish listening, she was furious and threw the impeachment of Yuan Shikai in front of Yuan Shikai, "Are so many ministers of the court and central government inferior to you Yuan Shikai?" Is this Qing Dynasty just you, Yuan Shikai, smart? There is no other way, don't you have soldiers in your hands? Wouldn't killing all these people be a hundred? ”

Yuan Shikai was so frightened that he quickly knelt on the ground, and was honestly scolded by Cixi.

After withdrawing in fear, he immediately went to work: the reform of the bureaucratic system needs to be done cautiously and in a hurry.

said that he had too much backlog of official affairs and needed to go back to deal with it. After the quasi-performance, he ran back to Tianjin in a panic.

Qu Hongsui, Minister of Military Aircraft and Minister of Administrative Affairs, was very trusted by Cixi, and was also one of the ministers designated by Cixi to participate in the reform of the official system. He had a deep contradiction with Yuan Shikai and Yixuan, and reluctantly agreed to it when discussing the plan for the official system, but he also put on a "post on the review of the official system" opposing the merger of the Military Aircraft Department and the cabinet. He took advantage of the opportunity of Cixi's separate summons, saying that the responsible cabinet was not good for the Empress Dowager and would leave the power aside, and this point was the most worrying and taboo for the Empress Dowager Cixi.

His words completely spoke to Cixi's heart, and his opinions were especially valued by Cixi.

The final result was that Cixi abolished the responsible cabinet with a stroke of the pen, retained the Military Aircraft Department, and promulgated a new bureaucracy led by Qu Hongsui on November 6.

Preparations for the constitution still have to continue, and although a small part of the official reform plan has been retained, it has changed beyond recognition.

Constitutional monarchy, in the final analysis, is to limit the power of the individual king, or it can be said to replace individual power with collective decision-making.

This is undoubtedly a great revolution in the political system, because collective decision-making is always much better and more reliable than individual dictatorship.

Individuals may go crazy or lose their minds, but a decision-making collective is much less likely to go crazy.

But there are several kings in the world who have such a high wind and bright festival and such a broad mind.

If a country can meet such a person, it must be the blessing of the country and the people.

This can shed a lot less blood, and it can also save the country from great destruction.

In addition to the king's open-mindedness and outstanding character, there is also a possibility of implementing a constitutional monarchy, which is the coercion of external forces. It's not that the king himself is willing or unwilling, but that he can't do it without a constitution, and there is no other choice.

Can Cixi be expected to have such qualities? It must be a fool's dream. As for the latter, it is obviously not ready for the fire.

When Yuan Shikai left the capital, he didn't say hello to Xu Shichang, probably because he was afraid that he would implicate his friends.

After returning to Tianjin, Yuan Shikai was shocked, remembering that when Xu Shichang passed by him a few days ago, he once whispered: "Don't show your edge." ”

Looking back on this period of time, I also feel a little carried away. This can't be done, it will bring trouble to yourself, Yuan Shikai said to himself.

Think about it, shouldn't there be some remedial measures? He immediately remembered one thing and immediately went to the post and petitioned to resign from all his part-time jobs. Soon, the imperial court issued an order.

You play, people take it right, this should be no problem? But Yuan Shikai still felt very uncomfortable. With too many part-time jobs, he is sometimes a little troubled, and he also feels powerless.

However, this does not mean that he wants to resign from all part-time jobs, and some part-time jobs, such as the part-time job of the minister of the training department, he does not want to resign.

Besides, this time is also a temptation, a gesture. In a certain sense, there is also an element of emotion, and if you can't think of it, you can really follow it.