After receiving the telegram of the meeting in Shanghai on 15 November, Hubei immediately rejected it: "Hubei is recognized as the central government. government, then the representative of the council should be the government. The seat of the government is held".

After all, Wuchang was "the first merit of the uprising, the alliance of bull's ears", and the federation of provincial governors held in Shanghai subsequently made a decision: "Recognize the Hubei army as the Republic of China. Central Government. The government, that is, the Wuchang Governor's Mansion is being implemented. The central government affairs should coordinate the overall situation and unify military orders. Its Central Government. Government organization, please your military government. Formulated by the government. ”

As a result, 14 revolutionaries, including Tan Renfeng from Hubei, jointly sent a telegram to Shanghai, inviting the representatives of the various provinces in Shanghai to "come to Hubei as soon as possible to organize everything."

At the same time, the Hubei military and government. The government sent Ju Zheng, Tao Fengji and others to Shanghai to strive for representatives from various provinces to go to Wuchang to attend the meeting.

Ju Zheng (1876-1951), formerly known as Zhijun, the word Juesheng, the name Meichuan, alias Meichuan Jushi, was a native of Guangji County, Hubei Province (now Wuxue City).

When he was a teenager, he was smart and studious, and he was praised by the times. In the 1900s, he was a talent. In 1905, he studied at the preparatory department of Hosei University in Japan and joined the China League. In 1907, he participated in the organization of the Kyojin Association in Tokyo and formulated the constitution by himself. In the fall of the same year, he entered a Japanese university to study law as an undergraduate.

He was one of the "Five Masters of Guangji" during the Republic of China, a famous democratic revolutionary, politician, military strategist and jurist. One of the early organizers of the Wuchang Uprising of the Xinhai Revolution and the father of the Xinhai Revolution. He served as the Provisional Government of Nanjing. Vice Minister of the Interior, Nanjing Civil Affairs. President of the Judicial Yuan.

He is the author of "Xinhai Personal Experience", "Why Rebuild the Chinese Legal System", "Xinhai Rites" and other books.

Tao Fengji (1880~1928), the word Yugang, the number Changchou, Nanzhang Taojiawan people. Young and bright, he studied at Lumen Middle School in Xiangyang in 1901, and was removed from the school and wanted for writing poems criticizing the Qing court for signing the "Xinchou Peace Treaty". The following year, he went to Japan to study. He joined the League in 1905.

The following year, he returned to China, contacted the gang to oppose the Qing Dynasty, planned to seize the guns of the merchant group in Nanzhangwu Town, and then crossed to Japan after the incident and entered Meiji University to study politics and law. In 1911, he returned to China and participated in the Guangzhou Uprising. After the defeat, he returned to Hubei and participated in the Wuchang Uprising. Later, he served as a member of the Constitution Drafting Committee, Hubei Military and Political Committee. Adviser to the Government and Director of the Home Affairs Department. Participated in the drafting of the Ezhou Constitution of the Republic of China. During the renovation of the gate of the Yamen of the Department of Internal Affairs, it was found that there were 180,000 taels of silver in the cellar, all of which were allocated for the renovation of the embankment of the Sha River in Chuyang.

At the end of 1914, he was invited by Li Yuanhong to serve as the political director of Beijing. Prefecture. After leaving Beijing, he served as the director of the Lijin Bureau of Changsha, Hunan. In 1920, he was transferred to the Shaanxi Finance Department. After Feng Yuxiang was appointed as the overseer of Shaanxi, he was appointed as a senior adviser.

In 1927, he served as a member of the General Headquarters of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army. In the autumn of the same year, he served as the director of Zhangjiawan Lijin Bureau in Xiangyang.

In 1928, he was appointed director of the Laohekou Lijin Bureau. Because of the tax offended by the local business and the business group, he was hospitalized due to illness in the autumn of the same year, and the company bought the doctor to poison him.

His posthumous works include 11 volumes of "Wangshan Anthology".

After some consultations, on 24 November, the Shanghai side sent a telegram to the Hubei Military Administration. The government and the representatives to Hubei set off on the same day, and notified the provinces to report that the representatives went to Hubei to organize a provisional government. government matters.

On 25 July, the Shanghai side decided to leave one representative from each province in Shanghai to "liaise with each other."

As a result, the representatives of the provinces in Shanghai were divided into two, most of them went to Hubei and a few stayed in Shanghai. The dispute between Shanghai and Hubei over the location of the provincial congress meeting was due to the objective reason of poor communication, and it also implied the organization of a provisional government. The battle for the dominance of the government was only in the end, and Hubei gained the upper hand with the "geographical advantage" of Shouyi.

At the end of November, a total of 23 delegates from 11 provinces arrived in Wuhan. These representatives are, Jiangsu: Lei Fen, Chen Taoyi, Ma Junwu. Zhejiang: Tang Erhe, Chen Shixia, Huang Qun, Chen Yi. Fujian: Pan Zuyi. Shandong: Xie Hongtao, Lei Guangyu. Anhui: Wang Zhuhuai, Zhao Bin, Xu Guanyao. Hunan: Tan Renfeng, Zou Daifan. Guangxi: Zhang Qijun. Sichuan: Zhou Daiben. Zhili: Gu Zhongxiu. Henan: Huang Kequan. Hubei: Shi Xiangjin, Hu Ying, Wang Zhengting, Sun Faxu. Among them, Zhili and Henan have not yet changed their banners, and their representatives are sent by the Consultative Bureau.

At this time, there was no armistice agreement, and Wuchang City was still under the muzzle of the Beiyang Army's cannons on Turtle Mountain. For the sake of safety, the meeting venue was chosen at Shunchang Foreign Company in the Hankou British Concession.

The meeting officially convened on December 30 and elected the oldest white-bearded man, Tan Renfeng, as the speaker. First of all, he listened to Hu Ying, a representative of Hubei, report on the battle of Yangxia and the situation of Yuan Shikai sending people to negotiate an armistice.

The meeting resolved that Tan Renfeng, in the name of the provisional speaker, sent a letter to Governor Li Yuanhong to posthumously recognize the recognition of the Hubei military and political government proposed by the Shanghai Conference. The house is temporary. Beg. Politics. The government and asked Li Yuanhong to preside over the implementation in the name of the provisional president. Central Government Affairs.

The meeting was based on Huang Xing, Li Yuanhong and Hubei Military Administration. On 2 December, the government also made a resolution on the idea of Yuan Shikai and the Beiyang Army, and "wait for Yuan Shikai to return anyway at the seat of the provisional president."

This was a very open-minded and far-sighted move, which laid the foundation for a peaceful transition from feudal autocracy to a democratic republic.

The meeting will be held until December 7. In addition to the above-mentioned bills, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China. Outline of the Provincial Organization.

Provisional Government of the Republic of China. The Outline of the Government was promulgated on December 3, 1911, and revised on January 2, 1912.

The following is the revised text:

Chapter 1 Interim President

Article 1 The provisional president and vice president shall be elected by the representatives of the provincial governors, and those who have obtained more than two-thirds of the total number of votes cast shall be elected. Delegates have the right to vote, limited to one vote per province.

Article 2 The pro tempore president shall have the right to rule over the whole country.

Article 3 The Provisional President shall have the right to command the navy and the army.

Article 4 The President pro tempore shall have the power to declare war, to make peace, and to conclude treaties, with the consent of the Senate.

Article 5 The pro tempore president shall enact the official system and official rules, and shall concurrently exempt civil and military officials, but the formulation of official systems and official rules, and the appointment of state officials and diplomatic envoys, shall be subject to the consent of the Senate.

Article 6 The President pro tempore shall have the power to establish a provisional central court with the consent of the Senate.

Article 7 The Interim Vice-President shall be promoted to office when the President leaves office for any reason, but may be appointed by the President to act on his behalf if the President is unable to take care of the matter due to his fault.

Chapter II Senate

Article 8 The Senate shall be composed of senators appointed by the provincial governors. (Article 7 of the original case)

Article 9 The number of senators shall be limited to three per province, and the method of dispatch shall be determined by the governors of each province. (Article 8 of the original case)

Article 10 When the Senate is in session, each senator shall have one vote. (Article 9 of the original case)

Article 11 The functions and powers of the Senate are as follows:

1. Resolutions on the events of Articles 4 and 6;

2. Commitment to Article 5 Events;

3. Resolution of the Provisional Government. the budget of the government;

IV. Investigation of the Provisional Government. Cashier of the house;

5. Decide on the national unified tax law, currency system and issuance of public bonds;

6. Decide on provisional laws;

7. Decide on the matter of the pro tempore president's deliberation;

8. Reply to the Provisional President's consultation.

Article 12 When the House of Councillors is in session, the decision of a majority of the senators present shall prevail. However, no resolution shall be made on Article 4 without the consent of two-thirds of the senators present.

Article 13 Matters decided by the Senate shall be reported by the Speaker, sealed by the President pro tempore, and sent to the executive departments for execution.

Article 14 If the President pro tempore does not agree with a matter decided by the Senate, he may, within 10 days after the report is issued, state the reasons and order a reconsideration. If the Senate agrees with more than two-thirds of the senators present at the meeting to reconsider the matter, it shall continue to handle the matter in accordance with the preceding article.

Article 15 The President of the Senate shall be elected by the senators by secret ballot, and the one who obtains half of the total number of votes cast shall be elected.

Article 16 The rules of the Senate shall be formulated by the Senate.

Article 17 Before the establishment of the Senate, the representatives of the provincial governors shall temporarily assume their functions and powers, but the right to vote shall be limited to one vote per province.

Chapter III: Administrative Departments

Article 18 Each administrative ministry shall have a minister as a state servant to assist the interim president in handling the affairs of each ministry.

1. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

2. Ministry of the Interior;

3. The Ministry of Finance;

4. Ministry of Military Affairs;

5. "Ministry of Communications".

Article 19 The establishment of the staff of each ministry and the authority of the department shall be prescribed by the Minister and shall be approved by the President pro tempore.

Chapter IV Supplementary Provisions

Article 20 Provisional Government. Within six months after the establishment of the government, the National Assembly is convened by the Provisional President. The method of convening shall be decided by the Senate.

Article 21 Provisional Government. The period of implementation of the Outline of the Government Organization shall end on the date of the establishment of the Constitution of the Republic of China.

Provisional Government. The Outline of the Organization of the Government is a legal document in the transitional period before the promulgation of the Provisional Constitution after the Xinhai Revolution, and plays the role of a provisional constitution. Although it has defects of one kind or another in formulating procedures and other aspects, and there are no provisions on democratic and free rights, this cannot in any way conceal its great historical merits.

It was this document that proclaimed the birth of the Republic of China in the form of law and the end of the Qing Dynasty's feudal autocracy. It was also in accordance with its provisions that Sun Yat-sen, the leader of the democratic revolution, was elected as the provisional president. Provisional Government. The Outline of the Organization of the Government has written an important page in China's constitutional history and will forever be recorded in the annals of history.

While the meeting in Hankow was proceeding on course, the situation changed dramatically. After fierce fighting and repeated battles, Nanjing was recovered on December 2.

Nanjing is located in eastern China, in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, near the river and the sea. It is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization and the political, economic and cultural center of southern China for a long time. As early as 100 years ago, there were ancient human activities, with a history of more than 7,000 years of civilization, 2,600 years of city construction and nearly 500 years of capital history

Regardless of geographical location or historical status, it is difficult to compare with Nanjing.

After the liberation of Nanjing, the political center naturally moved eastward. The Confederacy and the constitutionalists in Jiangsu and Zhejiang often discussed together the redistribution of power after the success of the revolution.