Lin Shaonian, Minister of Military Aircraft, a native of Fuzhou, was a jinshi in the thirteenth year of Tongye in the Qing Dynasty (1874), and was awarded the Hanlin Academy for editing. In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), he was reappointed as the imperial historian, and Cixi used naval funds to repair the Summer Palace, which became famous all over the world.

He was a relatively well-known official in the late Qing Dynasty, and served as the governor of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guizhou, and Henan provinces, the minister of military aircraft, etc., and also served as the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou.

When Lin Shaonian was the governor and minister of military aircraft, it was the period of the New Deal at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Lin Shaonian had a more positive attitude towards the new policy, he was the first local governor to explicitly propose a constitutional monarchy in the previous prelude, and he also actively supported the parliamentary petition movement in the jurisdiction.

He actively implemented the "opening of official wisdom" and successively opened the Guangxi Political and Legal Training Institute and the Henan Law and Political Science School.

He is a "strong and upright" person, and he is another cadre of the incorruptible faction. After receiving the recital of Qu Hongzhen from Yu Yuding, Cixi vacated Qu Hongzhen without verification, and Lin Shaonian questioned Cixi in court, forcing Cixi to send someone to verify it.

When Cen Chunxuan was kicked out of Beijing, Yuan Shikai and Yixuan wanted to expel him from the military plane and give Lin Shao the post of the right attendant of the annual branch. After hearing the news, Qu Hongzhen hurriedly remedied it and persuaded Cixi to make Lin Shaonian still on the military plane. Cen Chunxuan was dismissed, Lin Shaonian completely lost the Olympic aid, and Lin Shaonian was angry with Cixi because of his opposition to the opening of the vacancy, and he was also driven out of the military plane on the same day and took office as the governor of Henan.

In this way, the tide of Ding Wei's politics, which stirred up the government, ended with a complete victory for Yuan Shikai and Yixuan.

Ding Wei's political tide lasted only more than three months, but the vicissitudes of politics and land changed suddenly. The two major groups of Beiyang Qingliu have mobilized their greatest forces to fight to the death, causing changes in the affairs of the DPRK, twists and turns, and many unexpected changes.

The essence of Ding Wei's political upsurge was the struggle for power and profit between the two opposing factions within the Qing ruling group. However, there is still a difference between the advantages and disadvantages of these two factions, and compared with the two, the honest faction is incorruptible, and the Beiyang faction is filthy, and the judgment can be distinguished.

Since the founding of the Qing Dynasty, there has been corruption. The confrontation between the two forces of defeat and incorruptibility makes the corruption. Defeated forces can't do whatever they want. However, with Ding Wei as the end, the incorruptible people in the Qing Dynasty's power class could no longer form a faction, and the various groups and factions that controlled the government competed to corrupt. Defeat, nothing to say. The political situation in the late Qing Dynasty was declining day by day, and it became more and more out of control.

However, there are very few winners in the vicious battles of officialdom. The so-called killing of 1,000 enemies and self-loss of 800.

After vacating Zhai Hongsui and Ling Chunxuan, two people with a good reputation, whether Cixi realized something and regretted it, no one knows.

And a person like Cixi, no matter what she did wrong, she would not admit it, nor would she correct it.

But one thing is certain, her wariness of Yuan Shikai is getting heavier and heavier.

The encounter between Zhai Hongsui and Ling Chunxuan has caused the grievances of many officials, and there are endless people who cry out for them.

On 15 August, Liang Dingfen, the Hubei Provincial Inspector, again went up to impeach Yixuan for corruption and bribery, using extremely humorous and sarcastic language, and his appendices were mainly aimed at Yuan Shikai.

He said that the reason why Yuan Shikai's henchmen and henchmen were able to enter the Military Aircraft Department and become governors, governors, and chamberlains was because "Yuan Shikai said what he said, and King Qing did it." Yuan Shikai "held the minister of Beiyang, directly served as the governor, and made his party have military power and financial power in Fengtian and Jilin", which is chilling to think. And "its human rights seek to advance the public, the city government is deep, can trap people, and can use people", which is completely Cao Cao at the end of the Han Dynasty and Liu Yu at the end of the Jin Dynasty. Today, "it is to make the wolf resist the dynasty, the tiger steps to the Beijing division, and the ministers are really worried." painfully reminded the imperial court to be more vigilant against Yuan Shikai and Yixuan's faction.

Although this recital has no substantive content, it is mostly a statement of discussion and emotion. But Cixi left this fold and looked at it several times, and it was clear that it spoke to her heart.

Within ten days, Yushi Chengchang played again, pointing out that Yuan Shikai's protégés, so the officials were all over the world, and it was not a blessing for the country. One after another, the impeachments and warnings were given, and Cixi felt that she could not ignore them.

However, Yuan Shikai's power and energy, Cixi could not help but be afraid. Punishing Yuan Shikai for not convincing everyone, Cixi decided to deprive Yuan Shikai of his real power first.

On August 24, 1907, the Qing court summoned Yuan Shikai to Beijing to meet His Majesty.

On the 30th, Yuan Shikai entered Beijing, and the Empress Dowager Cixi rewarded her with leave and food.

On 4 September, Yuan Shikai was dismissed from his post as governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang, and transferred to the post of secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and minister of military aircraft.

On the same day, Jang Zhidong was also appointed Minister of Military Aircraft. The Minister of War has a higher status than the Governor, but does not have the same real power as the Governor.

Empress Dowager Cixi's move is seen to be respected and reused, but it is actually suppressed and abolished.

Cixi knew that Zhang Zhidong and Yuan Shikai had always been on bad terms, and her intention was to let these two people contain each other at the military plane, so that she could control it herself.

After staying in officialdom for so many years, Yuan Shikai can certainly see the fame here.

Therefore, while he was grateful to Dade, he repeatedly said that he was overwhelmed by the responsibility and sincerely asked to stay in Zhili's office.

But no matter how fanciful he said, the Empress Dowager Cixi just didn't allow it.

Yuan Shikai could only bid farewell to his governor's yamen and become the minister of military aircraft and the secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

When the five ministers who consulted the constitution returned from a study abroad, and after the imperial court issued a promulgative of the constitutional state policy, those who advocated the constitution rejoiced and rushed to tell each other, thinking that the country and the nation would have hope from now on.

However, after Yuan Shikai presided over the frustration of the reform of the official system, people fell into extreme disappointment.

People of insight have come to realize that it is difficult to achieve a constitution by relying on these rulers. The people must be aroused and the rulers must be forced to comply.

Some people even directly advocate that this decadent feudal dynasty must be overthrown in order to win people's democracy. For a period of time, various constitutional organizations have been established one after another, especially in the southern region, and the democratic revolutionary movement to overthrow feudal rule has been surging.

For a period of time, three armed uprisings broke out in succession in the Erguang area, the Japanese Zhihui also revolted in Huguang, and Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin started an uprising in Anhui and Zhejiang. Although these uprisings were suppressed, each time dealt a heavy blow to the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

Each revolutionary movement also brought great pressure to the supreme ruler of the Qing court.

It is recorded that the day after Yuan Shikai took office as the secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the minister of military aircraft, he was summoned by Cixi.

Cixi's desk had several reports of incidents in various places, and when she saw Yuan Shikai, this old woman who had passed her prime-old years shed tears.

Cixi complained: "Internal strife and external troubles, day by day, what is good? Those who can be pacified with a cloud constitution, and those who have a cloud constitution must have great chaos, and there is really nothing that can be done. ”

Although Cixi was wary of Yuan Shikai, she knew that Yuan Shikai had unique views on many issues. She really couldn't figure out what was going on with the constitution. I really want to discuss with Yuan Shikai.

Yuan Shikai replied: "Instead of sitting and waiting for death, it is better to make a constitution, even if it is not beneficial, you can avoid regret." ”

As a result, in the stormy Manchu Qing Dynasty, a new round of constitutional movement began.

The promotion of Yuan Shikai and Zhang Zhidong, the two feudal officials in the south and the north, who combined military and political power, to the military aircraft department was to move them out of their old nest on the one hand, and on the other hand, it was also to let these two people who had always been politically discordant restrain each other.

However, the latter idea of the Empress Dowager Cixi did not come to fruition.

Zhang Zhidong word filial piety, number Xiangtao, when he was the governor, he liked to call "handsome", so everyone called him "Zhang Xiangshuai". Famous ministers of the late Qing Dynasty and representative of the Westernization faction of the Qing Dynasty, his ancestral home was directly in Nanpi, and he was born in Xingyi Mansion (now Anlong County) in Guizhou. In the second year of Xianfeng (1852), at the age of sixteen, he was in Shuntianfu Xie Yuan, and in the second year of Tongzhi (1862), at the age of twenty-seven, he was the third in Jinshi. He has served as a teacher, a scholar, a lecturer, a cabinet scholar, the governor of Shanxi, the governor of Liangguang, the governor of Huguang, the governor of Liangjiang (acting many times, never granted), the minister of military aircraft, etc., and the official is a scholar of Tirenge University.

Zhang Zhidong was the leader of the Qing School in his early years, and later became the main representative of the Westernization School. In terms of education, he founded the Ziqiang School (the predecessor of present-day Wuhan University), the Sanjiang Normal School (the predecessor of present-day Nanjing University), the Hubei Agricultural School, the Hubei Wuchang Mengyang Institute, the Hubei Arts and Crafts School, the Ci'en School (the first middle school of Nanpi County), and the Guangya Academy. Politically, he advocates that "middle school is the body, and Western learning is for use". Industrially, Hanyang Iron Works, Daye Iron Mine, Hubei Gun Factory, etc. were established.

Yuan Shikai and Zhang Zhidong are both supporters of the constitution, but the two also have differences. Yuan Shikai advocated urgency, and Zhang Zhidong advocated postponement.

However, the two people not only did not conflict, but complemented each other and complemented each other's strengths.

How difficult it is to make a constitution, how fast it can be, how slow it can be, and how slow it can be. And both of them are practical people, both are people with a strong sense of responsibility, and they have a lot in common.

The most important thing is that, after all, this is a period of change, and in such a special historical period, what people have gained in their minds cannot be compared with the ordinary days of step-by-step. Society is progressing, and so is people's thinking.

Both of them are people who are easy to accept new things, and common progress will also make these two people form a lot of consensus.