Kuomintang lawmaker Gu Chung-hsu spoke at the meeting and angrily condemned Yuan Zheng. government violations, and filed a motion: "Politics. If the government illegally signs a contract for a loan, the court will never admit it. "

The motion was passed by the House of Representatives.

Later, however, Republican congressmen tried to overturn the case, resulting in a fierce dispute between Kuomintang and Republican congressmen at the House of Representatives meeting on 7 May.

On the 8th, Yuan Shikai Zheng. The government also sent a message to the Senate and the House of Representatives, threatening to force debts from the foreign powers and demanding that the two houses recognize the large loans. The Republican, Democratic, and United parties, which were negotiating a merger, united against the Kuomintang, resulting in the aftermath loan bill being shelved in the National Assembly.

In society, revolutionaries and public opinion circles also condemned Yuan Zheng. The government borrowed money illegally.

Huang Xing and the governors of Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Guangdong, which were controlled by the Kuomintang in the south, Bai Wenwei, Li Liejun, Tan Yankun, Hu Hanmin, and the provincial councils, also joined the power to protest. accused Yuan ** of "borrowing huge sums of money privately", "Ben Fashion Parliament", "Those who did not dare to come out in the past were actually seen in the government of the Republic of China. "Where there is flesh, no one will crack his fingers".

After the loan was established, Sun Yat-sen negotiated with HSBC again, demanding that the loan be stopped from Yuan Zheng. At the same time, the government pays to the European governments. The government and parliament issued an appeal: "(Yuan Zheng. Once the huge amount of money is in hand, it will inevitably lead to a tragic war,...... I would like to express my respects to the governments of various countries. The people of the government tried to block the banking syndicate so that they could not lend huge sums of money to the Beijing government. government", demanding that it cancel the Yuan Zheng. Loan contract of the government.

In June, the Kuomintang issued a manifesto opposing the loan, refuting Yuan Shih-kai's claim that the big loan had been approved by the Senate in December last year, saying that "as long as the republican system exists, it will not be able to recognize this illegally signed loan."

The newly established Republic of China was already an eventful season, and the current political situation has been stirred up by the aftermath loan case.

Yuan Shikai's attitude was extremely tough, and on the one hand, he personally issued a telegram to suppress it, accusing the Kuomintang of opposing the loan as "harboring evil intentions, thinking of inciting and incitement, and dumping the Republic of China, which is shared by 40,000 million people." He also issued an order to severely reprimand the governors of Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Guangdong provinces who opposed the loans, accusing them of opposing the aftermath of the loans as "there is no way to defend the aftermath" and "fear that the country will not perish and die quickly."

The threat to the governors of the four provinces said: "The governors are officers on active duty, and it is necessary to obey them absolutely. Now the governors of the four provinces, like this, Emperor Zhang announced, the eyes are confusing, and the state affairs will not be relied upon. "

On the other hand, he also instructed his sworn party to jump out and speak out, scolding the National Assembly for "ignoring the general situation and making trouble without reason," and attacking the Kuomintang as a "traitor" who fears that the world will not be chaotic.

After its establishment at the end of May, the Progressive Party, which was formed by the merger of republican, democratic, and unified parties, acted as Yuan Shikai's pawn, accusing the Kuomintang of opposing borrowing as a purely "means" with "ulterior motives."

The Kuomintang and the Progressive Party in the Senate and the House of Representatives are also quarreling over the aftermath of the big loans.

In the House of Representatives, Speaker Tang Hualong stood on the platform for Yuan Shikai and issued a telegram with 48 former members of the Provisional Senate to prove that the Provisional Senate had passed the large loan explanatory document in 1912. Kuomintang lawmakers retorted that the explanatory documents are not contracts, and that the amount and conditions of the large loans for the aftermath have not been approved by the National Assembly, which is illegal.

Both the Kuomintang and the Progressive Party refused to back down in the slightest, and the confrontation was fierce. Tang Hualong was sandwiched between the Kuomintang and Yuan Shikai, not left and right. It happened that his grandmother died of illness, so he simply returned to his hometown in Hubei under the pretext of mourning, left his job and left.

Chen Guoxiang, the vice speaker of the House of Representatives and a member of the Republican Party, who succeeded Tang Hualong in presiding over the House of Representatives, was unlucky. On 7 May, the House of Representatives again quarreled over the big loan bill.

During the break, a number of Progressive MPs took the opportunity to leave, and when the meeting resumed, there was no more than a quorum.

Chen Guoxiang was about to use this to announce the postponement of the meeting, when Kuomintang congressman Gu Zhongxiu was furious, jumped on the podium, and scolded Chen Guoxiang as "Yuan's lackey" and "speaker of the dead country."

While scolding lively, a member of the audience picked up a large copper ink cartridge and threw it at the speaker's seat. The copper cartridge flew over Chen Guoxiang's head and hit the five-color flag by mistake.

Another lawmaker shouted "Kill this dog Speaker" while swinging his fist, but Chen Guoxiang was not hit, and he punched his own hand.

Chen Guoxiang was originally from Hanlin, but he had never seen such a formation, and he fled under the protection of the guards.

Political debates in Congress have gone from verbal to hands-on. By early June, the bipartisan debate over the big loan bill had been going on for more than a month, during which there had been three violent clashes.

Some people believe that the speeches of the parliamentarians are full of enthusiasm, but in fact, the views of all sides have long made it clear that what follows is just meaningless repetition, and that they are only opposed for the sake of opposition.

Originally, the main task of the first National Assembly was to formulate a constitution and elect a president. But now more than two months have passed, in addition to the election of the speaker, it is around the big loan case. The important work of drafting the constitution and electing the president has been completely sidelined.

Even Liang Qichao, the spiritual leader of the progressive party, said: "Eight hundred skulls are like ants, turbulent and disturbing, and they don't know what to do...... The country's plans are not the same, and only the annual fee of 6,000 is heard. ”

In the end, the large-scale loan case for the aftermath was the focus of the debate, and in the end, it did not come up with a resolution that was approved by both houses.

Yuan Shikai's contract was signed, and the money was borrowed.

With regard to the aftermath of the big loans, a few points should be noted:

First, due to the decay and incompetence of the late Qing Dynasty, the repayment of reparations and arrears has become a heavy burden on the Chinese for a long time, and the Chinese people are really frightened by the reparations and arrears. In other words, at that time, borrowing money from foreign powers in China had become a very sensitive matter and needed to be treated with caution. However, Yuan Shikai Zheng. The government has not paid due attention to this.

Second, as we said, Yuan Shikai accepted a government that was on the verge of bankruptcy. The government needs money everywhere, but the second-hand is empty, and there is no way to get money for a while. In other words, the money must be borrowed, and it is impossible to live this day without borrowing money.

Third, in the lending relationship, how much voice can the borrower have? The conditions are very harsh, but can I not borrow them if the conditions are harsh? It seems that no one is forcing anyone to borrow. Generally speaking, the poorer the person borrows money, the more stringent the conditions will be, aren't you afraid that you won't be able to pay it back?

Fourth, a large part of this loan was indeed used to suppress the second revolution, but this was by no means the original purpose of the loan.

Fifth, no matter how sensitive the matter of borrowing is, the matter will not be so big, and there are many factors mixed in it, such as the "Song case". The government has lost trust.

Sixth, when Tang Shaoyi recognized the premier, he took great care of Nanjing's temporary **, and allocated a large amount of money to Huang Xing. Huang Xing's reason for requesting this money was to dismiss the southern army, but in fact it was not earmarked, and it may even be partially used to purchase arms. In this regard, people who are at odds with Tang Shaoyi within the Beiyang Department have been making a big fuss about this matter and tracking down the whereabouts of this money. Some people even suspect that the money was embezzled by Tang Shaoyi or someone else. But this at least says one thing, Yuan Zheng. The government did use the advances from the banks of the four countries in advance or Belgium to deal with the aftermath.

Seventh, when Mr. Zhongshan went north to "Sun Yuanhui", Yuan Shikai had a detailed discussion with Mr. Zhongshan about this loan and its usefulness, and at that time, Mr. Zhongshan fully supported it. Later, why was it resolutely opposed, for this time and time also. And, don't forget, Mr. Nakayama was the Provisional Governor of the South. In order to maintain the government. The government was operating normally, especially for the "Six-Route Northern Expedition", and tried to borrow money from Japan and other countries. The loan conditions offered on the initiative are much worse than those for the aftermath of the big loans, but no one is willing to borrow.

On 30 May, the governors of 17 provinces and Rehe (a total of 22 provinces at that time), led by Li Yuanhong, in addition to the four governors of the Kuomintang, sent a telegram to the National Assembly, demanding that they abandon the struggle against Yuan Shikai and approve a large loan for the aftermath. In this way, a political wave against Yuan Shikai**'s illegal borrowing was quelled.

The money was also borrowed, and the situation calmed down, but Yuan Shikai refused to give up. He was angry and cowardly. Who wants to borrow money if they have money? Is it that easy to borrow money? If you don't know the price of firewood and rice, you don't know the difficulty of not having money.

I finally borrowed money, but I was subjected to so many difficulties and attacks.

Yuan Shikai vs. Sun. Middle. Shan and Huang Xing were very dissatisfied, but he could barely bear it, and he couldn't bear it anymore for the following governors.

On 9 June, Yuan Shikai abruptly dismissed Li Liejun, a Kuomintang member and governor of Jiangxi, on the pretext of responding to the demands of the "people," and replaced him with Li Yuanhong, vice president stationed in Wuchang.

With the resignation of this anti-Yuan pioneer, on the 14th he ordered Hu Hanmin to be transferred to Tibet as a consolation envoy, removing him as the governor of Guangdong, and promoting Chen Jiongming to succeed him.

On the 30th, Bai Wenwei was transferred to the border envoy of Shaanxi, Gansu and Gansu, and his governor of Anhui was dismissed, and Sun Duosen, the chief of civil affairs, was concurrently appointed. Yuan Shikai used this divisive tactic to carry out a surprise attack, which caught the anti-Yuan faction by surprise, and Li Liejun, Hu Hanmin, and Bai Wenwei all had to obey the order and resign.

removed the three governors who jumped the highest and shouted the most fiercely, Yuan Shikai felt that he couldn't finish it, and he still had to give the Kuomintang some color. Considering Sun Yat-sen's prestige, he decided to choose a "soft persimmon" pinch first and take Huang Xing to the knife.

Yuan Shikai has already understood that he cannot coexist with the Kuomintang, and it can be said that he is destined by nature.

However, his handling of his great enemy, the Kuomintang, was very contradictory, and he did not leave the word "chaotic party" in his mouth, and he always thought about eradicating the Kuomintang's military power in the south. However, he was still an interim president at this time, and the transition from interim president to full president had to be elected by Congress. If the Kuomintang is dissolved, or the Kuomintang is declared an illegal party. regiment, then there will be no quorum in Congress, and no official president can be elected.

People in the Beiyang military system advocated that the military should jointly elect Yuan as president in order to show the strength of the soldiers, but Yuan did not consider taking this path. Because the times are different, now it is the Republic of China, not the Chinese militarism.