Chapter 620: Heaven and Earth Xuanhuang

Heaven and earth are yellow, and the universe is desolate. -------- "A Thousand Words"

It is said that Zheng Xuan's lectures are gradually getting better, and the depth of the truth of "Music" seems to be endless, which sounds desirable. Jiang Wei plucked up the courage to answer, not only won the praise of Master Zheng Xuan, but also won a place for himself to compete in the Hundred Clans Conference.

Liao Li, a native of Jingzhou, also obtained the qualification to sit in a hall and listen to lectures because of his excellent and thought-provoking answers, which was enough to make all the Hanmen scholars standing outside envious, jealous and hateful. But Liao Liqi is not good-looking, he is still quite self-aware, and he did not force the qualifications to pursue Ma Yunluo.

Since then, Zheng Xuan's lectures have entered into difficulty, but it is a combination of the Book of Rites and the Book of Changes. The ideas recorded in the Book of Rites are the most important essence of Confucianism, and many of them have been continuously innovated and interpreted by later generations, making them more suitable for use by those in power today. After the Qin fire in the official history, the Book of Rites has been lost, and in the early Han Dynasty, only the Confucian master Gao Tangsheng was able to pass on the "Rites". "Hanshu Art and Literature Journal" said: "Han Xing, Lu Gaotang Sheng's biography of "Shili" seventeen chapters. Filial piety and proclamation, Houcang is the brightest, Dai De, Dai Sheng, and Qingpu are all his disciples, and the three families are in the school officials. "Shili" is "Rites", also known as "Rites".

In addition to the Gao Tangsheng lineage, two major events occurred in the academic history of the Western Han Dynasty: one was the discovery of the Confucian calligraphy; The first is to offer the king a book in the river. It is precisely that both of them have ritual scriptures, and they have scriptures and records. The so-called "discovery of the book in the wall of Confucius", that is, the discovery of ancient scriptures in the wall of Confucius's old house; The Hejaz says: "The ancient scriptures of the 'Rites', from Lu Yanzhong and Kong's, are similar to the seventeen texts. Also known as: King Lu Gong from the Confucian wall "ancient texts and books, as well as "Book of Rites", "Analects", "Book of Filial Piety" dozens of articles. This is the same as the record of "Hanshu • The Biography of King Lu Gong": "King Chu Gong broke the old house of Confucius, and •••••• the ancient scriptures in the wall".

The so-called "Hejian Offering the King to get the book", the Hejian Offering King is Liu De, the second son of Emperor Liu Qi of the Han Dynasty, the same brother of the abolished prince Liu Rong, the half-brother of Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty, the mother Li Ji, the Western Han Dynasty clan, and the bibliophile. In April of the second year of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, Liu De was named the king of Hejian as the prince, and his seat of governance was in Xian County, Hebei Province, so he was known as the king of Hejian in history. "Hanshu • The Biography of the King of Hejian" says: The king of the king cultivates the ancients and seeks truth from facts. From the people to get good books•••••• to the king" to get the books are all ancient texts, pre-Qin old books. "Zhou Guan", "Shangshu", "Li", "Liji", "Mencius", "Laozi" are all discussed by the Legend and the Seventy Sons", which is probably the source of the "Three Rites".

"The Book of Rites", also known as "Xiao Dai Li Ji" and "Xiao Dai Ji", was written in the Han Dynasty and compiled by Dai Sheng, a scholar of Western Han etiquette. The Book of Rites is an important anthology of rules and regulations, with a total of 20 volumes and 49 articles, and the content of the book mainly writes about the ritual system of the pre-Qin period, reflecting the philosophical ideas of pre-Qin Confucianism, such as the concept of heaven, the universe, and the outlook on life; educational ideas, such as personal self-cultivation, education system, teaching methods, school management; political ideology, such as the use of education and politics, Datong society, etiquette and criminal law; Aesthetic thoughts, such as the theory of the movement of things and the feeling of the heart, and the theory of harmony in ritual music, are important materials for the study of pre-Qin society, and are a compilation of materials of Confucianism.

The "Book of Rites" is strict, with vivid posture, tactful words, echoing before and after, and the language is neat and changeable, which is one of the "Three Rites", one of the "Five Classics", and one of the "Thirteen Classics". Since Zheng Xuan of the Eastern Han Dynasty made the "Note", the status of the "Book of Rites" has risen, and it has been respected as the "Sutra" in the Tang Dynasty, and after the Song Dynasty, it ranks first in the "Three Rites".

Therefore, Zheng Xuan has made annotations on the "Book of Rites", which is the most profound research, so when it comes to the "Book of Rites", it is even more eloquent. Chen Long closed his eyes slightly and listened carefully, because a small part of the research could not be understood, but fortunately, there was also a light-brain assistance in the brain, and the precise meaning of it could be clarified.

"Heaven and earth are the birth and natural evolution of the universe, and man and beast are the masterpieces of heaven and earth, the essence of the five elements. And because people can create culture, they have become the most "noble" people in heaven and earth. Heaven is a transcendent existence of divinity to man; Although humanity imitates the way of heaven, and there is no insurmountable boundary between heaven and man, for man, heaven is still a metaphysical supergod. ”

"The first sage Confucius said: 'The sky is selfless, the earth is selfless, and the sun and moon are selfless. Fengsi three to work the world, this is called three selfless. It means to see 'heaven' as a value being that is relevant to 'man', or as an example for man to follow. The cultivation of virtue by the saint can help the heaven and the earth to nurture all things, and the 'heaven and earth ginseng'. ”

Zheng Xuan said that it is "The Mean" that inherits the idea of "matching heaven with virtue" since the Duke of Zhou. However, on the other hand, "The Mean" is also cloudy: "A gentleman cannot be unself-cultivated; Thinking about self-cultivation, you can't be indifferent; Thinking about things, you can't know people, thinking about people, you can't know the sky. The "heaven" here means transcendence. This is talking about the connection between "self-cultivation" and "knowing the sky", and taking "knowing the sky" as the premise of "self-cultivation", which is different from Mencius's so-called "knowing the sky".

Zheng Xuan continued to preach: "The way of heaven is the place from which humanity comes from, so the way of heaven is an example for people to follow; Although the Heavenly or Heavenly Way is the principle of objectivity that evolved from the transcendent mastery, it is also connected to the world of life. "The Mean" cloud: 'The predicate of the Mandate of Heaven is sexuality, the predicate of recklessness is the Tao, and the predicate of cultivation is teaching. The 'teaching' of the human world is to imitate the way of heaven. ”

What this passage says is that since the way of heaven is created by the master of transcendence of nature, there is an objective necessity, which indicates that the humanity that imitates the way of heaven is the unity of subjectivity and objectivity. Therefore, humanity is not an objective natural necessity, but a social necessity that is different from natural necessity. Humanity is an activity that needs to be achieved through human cultivation, and the inevitability of manifesting virtue and avoiding evil. Therefore, the way of heaven is different from natural inevitability in human affairs, but a social inevitability that can only be realized through the efforts of the subject. Therefore, "Xueji" believes: "Although there is a supreme Tao and Buddhism, I don't know its goodness", "Those who teach are good and save those who are lost", "The Mean" cloud: "I don't know how good is not sincere", and "University" cloud: "Only goodness is treasured." Therefore, the relationship between man and heaven is not a simple logical relationship, but an ontological relationship between heaven and man, and the relationship between heaven and man in practice.

"The heart is the main, the body is the subordinate, benevolence is the foundation, and the etiquette is the end. "University" cloud: 'The heart is right, and then the body is cultivated. "The Mean" cloud: "The sound and color are to the people, and the end is also." "Ziyi" cloud: "The people take the king as their heart, and the king takes the people as their body." The heart is comfortable, and the heart is respectful. If the heart is good, the king will be safe, and if the king is good, the people will want it. The heart is whole, but also the body is injured, the king survives with the people, and the people die. It shows that the relationship between mind and body is like the relationship between the monarch and the people. The mind is the master of the body, and the body is the body of the mind. Peace of mind is peace of mind, and good heart is good health. Conversely, the heart will also be hurt by physical injuries, not only in the master-slave relationship, but also in the dependency relationship. ”

Zheng Xuan is very familiar with the "Book of Rites", and this talk has not stopped for half an hour. When Chen Long was drowsy when he listened, there was a sudden loud sound, it turned out that Zheng Xuan had conjured a whip out of nowhere, knocked on the whiteboard and said, "Before going to the toilet, I want to give you the third question first." ”

There was an immediate commotion under the podium, and even Song Jian, the Xiliang boss who had fallen asleep, woke up suddenly, he was not very interested in preaching, but he had coveted Ma Yunluo for a long time. Zheng Xuan saw that everyone was in good spirits all of a sudden, and said with a smile: "The earth carries all things, and the sky is full of everything." Take wealth from the earth, take the law from the sky. Heaven and earth are yellow, the universe is desolate, heaven and earth seem to be inseparable, but is the sky or the earth big? Is the sky or the earth more important? What is the relationship between heaven and earth? ”

Find out what happens next, and listen to the next breakdown.

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