Now, we should get to know Hu Weide, an important figure in the history of Chinese diplomacy.

Hu Weide (1863 - 1933), the word Xinwu, a native of Wuxing, Zhejiang, ranked tenth in Beiyang.

In 1988, he graduated from the Shanghai Canton Dialect Museum, successively served as Counselor of the Embassy in Russia in the late Qing Dynasty, Minister of Foreign Affairs in Russia in 1904, Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1908, Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1910, Deputy Ambassador of the Foreign Ministry of Yuan Shikai in the late Qing Dynasty in 1911, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet of Tang Shaoyi of the Republic of China in 1912, Minister of Beiyang ** to France and Minister to Spain and Portugal, Minister to France, Minister to Japan from 1920 to 1925, In 1922, he was a member of the Aftermath Committee of the Pacific Conference of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and in 1926, he was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Beiyang ** and the plenipotentiary representative of the Special Conference on Customs. In January 1927, he was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs, in November he was the president of the Beiyang ** Peace Administration Yuan, chairman of the Senior Civil Disciplinary Committee, and from 1918 to 1928, he was re-elected as an arbitrator of the Permanent Court of Arbitration four times, and died in Beiping in 1933.

Hu Weide is a famous Chinese diplomat in modern times, who has served as an envoy to foreign countries many times, and later served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Acting General of State of the Republic of China. He participated in and witnessed many major diplomatic events, and was an indispensable figure in writing the diplomatic history of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. His son, Hu Shize, is also a well-known diplomat of the Republic of China and the first Chinese Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations.

After the seal was stamped, Hu Weide picked up the edict of the Qing Emperor's abdication and read it aloud: "I Qin served the decree of the Empress Dowager Longyu, because of the uprising of the people's army, the provinces responded, the nine summers were boiling, and the lives were devastated.

"In the past two months, there has been no proper way, the north and the south are separated, each other is holding each other, dropping out of the way, and the people are in the wilderness. The people of the whole country are now more inclined to republicanism, and the southern and central provinces are both advocating in the front, and the generals in the north are also advocating in the back, and the people's desire is known. To also what evil because of the honor of a surname, the likes and dislikes of the people, is to use the general trend of appearance, internal review of public opinion, the emperor will be the right to rule the whole country, set as a republican constitutional state, near the comfort of the sea disgusted with chaos and hope for governance, far from the ancient saints of the world for the righteousness of the public.

"Yuan Shikai was elected as the prime minister by the Advisory Council, and when the old and the new are metabolized, it is appropriate to have a way to unify the north and the south, that is, Yuan Shikai will organize a provisional republic with full powers. The government and the people's army negotiated a unified method, and the people were still united with the complete territory of the Manchu, Han, Mongolian, Hui, and Tibetan ethnic groups into a great Republic of China. ”

The edict is written elegantly and gently, and it is said that it was written by the former champion Zhang Jian.

An abdicated dynasty. What authority does it have to designate someone to be in charge of organizing politics. House?" Yuan Shikai organized the provisional republican government with full powers to negotiate and unify the method with the people's army, and the ,......" is obviously not supposed to appear in the "Edict of Abdication." Some people say that this is Yuan Shikai adding insurance to his own president, but in fact, most of them wronged him, because this passage was insisted on by the Empress Dowager Longyu, because compared with the revolutionary party, she trusts Yuan Shikai more.

After reading the edict, the last court meeting ceremony of the Qing Dynasty was over, Hu Weide took the edict, led the ministers to the Empress Dowager Longyu and Emperor Xuantong to bow three times again, and then withdrew from the palace, and was no longer a minister of the Qing Dynasty.

Thousands of generations are dreams in the end, and they have changed the world. In the 268th year of the Qing Dynasty, after entering the customs, the regent Dolgon set the capital Yanjing to open the foundation, and finally ended with the regent, which was also due to the number of days.

On February 22, 1913, the Empress Dowager Longyu died of a phlegm attack, only one year and ten days after the abdication of the Qing Emperor.

When the Empress Dowager Longyu was dying, she said to the nine-year-old Pu Yi: "The family of the Emperor Rusheng has died without a single thing, and the mother is at a loss", and then, he said to the Taibao Shixu who was standing next to him: "Orphans and widows, sad through the ages", his words are tragic and sad, and the world knows it.

Whether it is the regent Zaifeng or the Empress Dowager Longyu, they may have no way to govern the country, but in terms of character, they are not bad people. At least they followed the trend of the times and set a precedent in Chinese history for a peaceful transfer of power through negotiations, which also saved the country from division and confrontation and the people from the catastrophe of war. This kind of posture and behavior is undoubtedly a general understanding, and it is a blessing for the country and the people.

Any historical event is the result of a combined force. In order to bury the feudal monarchy, thousands of people came one after another, shedding blood and sacrificed. But among them, there are always people who have made great contributions, such as Yuan Shikai, Sun Shikai. Middle. Shan, Huang Xing, Li Yuanhong......

There is one person whose name must also be written in the annals of history, that is, the Empress Dowager Longyu.

Not all changes require bloodshed, and the Qing court achieved a peaceful handover. Only those who have experienced the chaos of war and witnessed the enormous damage caused by war to the country can better understand how rare and precious a peaceful handover is. In the history of China, this is almost the first of its kind, so the contribution made by the Empress Dowager Longyu to this is more and more worthy of being remembered by future generations.

That night, Yuan Shikai cut off the braids that had been dragged back of his head for so many years in public in the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, raised his arms and loudly declared: Let us enter a new era together.

The crowd was high-spirited, the scene was touching, many people couldn't help but shed tears of excitement, and people looked forward to tomorrow with joy.

On February 13, 1912, the day after the abdication of the Qing court, the Qing court announced its abdication. Mr. Shan resigned from the Nanjing Senate and submitted a message recommending Yuan Shikai as the provisional president of the Republic of China, as a fulfillment of his previous promise.

The message said: "This time the Qing Emperor abdicated the throne, the north and the south were unified, Yuan Jun had a lot of power, expressed his political opinions, and was more absolutely in favor of the same, and as a public servant, he would be able to be loyal to the Republic of China." And Yuan Jun is rich in experience, the unification of the Republic of China, and the talent of construction, so he dares to have private opinions to recommend to your hospital. Please remember the future of the Republic of China and not lose the elected people. ”

At the same time as Mr. Nakayama resigned, he also put forward three additional conditions:

First, the Provisional Government. The government is located in Nanjing, which is agreed upon by the representatives of each province and cannot be changed.

Second, after the resignation, when the new president selected by the Senate takes office in Nanjing, the president and state officials will be dismissed.

Third, the "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China" is enacted by the Senate and must be observed by the new President.

The intention of the first two articles was to transfer Yuan Shikai out of his old nest and put him under the encirclement and control of the revolutionary forces; The third is to limit Yuan Shikai's behavior through legal means.

There can be no vacuum of power, and Yuan Shikai on the 13th with "full authority to organize temporary. Politics. In the name of the government, the civil and military attachés and the military police took the place of the Qing ** to exercise their powers, and they took up this "full authority to organize the provisional government. House". Provisional Government in Nanjing. Outside the government, another government was formed. Prefecture.

On 14 February, the Provisional Senate of Nanjing held a presidential election meeting, and the representatives of the 17 provinces unanimously elected Yuan Shikai as the provisional government of the Republic of China. President of the Provincial University. He immediately telegraphed Yuan Shikai and asked him to take up his post in the Nanjing Senate. On the same day, Mr. Zhongshan also telegraphed Yuan Shikai that he was going to send a special envoy north to meet him.

On the 16th, Yuan Shikai sent a telegram to Tang Shaoyi, Wu Tingfang, and Zhang Jian: "At present, the world is rotten, the economy is difficult, and in the future, it will be difficult to raise the army and govern the people, and the problem of Outer Mongolia is particularly difficult to deal with. …… Do not pray for the three public cut business. Mountain, still to benefit the country and the people, always do the same, do not abandon the previous efforts. Kai Qi inherited someone, but still returned to Huanshang, I farmed, all of which were given by the three princes, and they were immortal. ”

The original intention was to express that he would not go to Nanjing, and he would not hesitate to threaten him not to be a big president, and he realized that it was wrong immediately after the power was generated. The other party is not the Qing court, and he can't play without himself, and he was scared to death when he heard that he had resigned. It's not that this president doesn't do it himself, no one dares to do it, no one can do it. Maybe some people are waiting to say this for themselves. What if the fake becomes real or self-defeating? Just go down the slope and donkey yourself is not a dumb loss. If you don't do it yourself, it's not that people won't let you do it, and you're not indistinguishable?

Give it right away. Mr. Shan sent a telegram: "Kai's private wish is always for the benefit of the country and the people. When the survival of the people is at stake, and the people have upheld justice and condemned each other, do they dare to fulfill their duties as public servants? However, the previous Chen is difficult in each section, all of which are real situations, and they are always loved, and they are carefully detailed, and they are expected to be bright. ”

He sent a telegram to the Senate, silently mentioning "retreat," but only asking for forgiveness for his unavoidable suffering.

On the same day, Yuan Shikai met with envoys from various countries to ask for support.

The ministers unanimously stated that the Provisional Government. The government should be located in Beijing, otherwise it will not be recognized. With the support of the great powers, Yuan Shikai will be more confident.

Yuan Shikai didn't want to go to Nanjing to take up a job. The more the government felt that it was necessary to stick to the provisional government. The government is located in Nanjing. Middle. After Mr. Shan received the call, he immediately called back, asking Yuan Shikai to find a reliable and capable person, give him full authority, and replace Yuan Shikai to take care of the affairs over there.

On the 18th, mid. Mr. Shan called Yuan Shikai again, urging him to go south to take up his post as soon as possible. He pointed out that the temporary establishment of the capital in Nanjing has the role of "keeping the foresight of China and foreign countries, and not allowing the world to be suspected of having the palace and temple unchanged, so that the bureaucrats have the feeling that the city and society still exist", which is of great significance. insisted that Yuan Shikai must come to Nanjing to take up his post.

In order to express sincerity and determination, the Nanjing Governor was appointed. Cai Yuanpei, director of the provincial education department, was the special envoy, and Wei Chengu, vice minister of foreign affairs, Niu Yongjian, deputy chief of staff, Song Jiaoren, director of the Legislative Affairs Bureau, and Wang Jingwei, director of the Legislative Affairs Bureau, were the welcoming envoys, and Tang Shaoyi went to Beijing. took Yuan Shikai south and forced him to leave Beijing.

On 20 July, the Senate elected Le Yuanhong as vice president.

After receiving the telegram welcoming the special envoy to Beijing, Yuan Shikai immediately instructed the local authorities of Zhili Province and Tianjin to give him special hospitality. In addition, his eldest son Yuan Keding was sent to Tianjin to meet the envoy.