Provisional Politics of the South. The government continues to issue laws and decrees to eradicate the evils and bad habits of the past. For the sake of clarity, let's continue with the numbers in the previous chapter.

(5) Protecting human rights. Natural human rights are at the heart of the doctrine of equality in modern society. Interim Politics. After the establishment of the government, Sun. Middle. Shan immediately ordered a change in the status of the so-called "untouchables". He said: "If the egg households of Fujian and Guangdong, the lazy people of Zhejiang, the beggars of Henan, and the so-called meritorious heroes and armor-clad families are slaves, that is, those who are commonly known as righteous people, and if those who are naginata-haired and advocate subordinate soldiers, etc., there are special restrictions, so that they are not allowed to be with the common people. It is not worse for a person to be humiliated and humiliated to his children and grandchildren, and to trample on human rights. When the republic is concluded and humanity is revealed, how can such harsh orders be allowed to persist for a long time and be defiled by the Republic of China? Therefore, it is hereby decreed that all the above-mentioned people shall enjoy all the rights of the state and society, such as public rights such as elections and political participation, and private rights such as freedom of residence, speech, publication, assembly, and religious belief, without the slightest disagreement, and uphold justice by respecting human rights. ”

(6) Prohibition of buying and selling human beings. Proceeding from the protection of human rights, Sun Yat-sen also issued a special order prohibiting the sale of human beings, which said: "The former Qing Dynasty became the master, the politics were not outlined, the people's livelihood was haggard, there was nothing to flee from death, the wife and daughter were concubines, and the surname of the son was reduced to a soap subordinate, and he was not a traitor, so as to make a profit in the city, and spread poison and evil, which has a long history." He demanded: "There shall be no further trafficking in human beings, and the offender shall be punished as ordered, and the contract of sale and purchase concluded in the past shall be dissolved and shall be regarded as an employer-employee relationship, and shall no longer have the status of master and slave." ”

(7) Prohibit the sale of "piglets" and protect overseas Chinese.

Grandchild. Middle. Shan has lived abroad for many years and is well aware of the hardships of overseas Chinese. After the establishment of the government, it issued a special order to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs prohibiting the sale of "piglets" and protecting overseas Chinese, which said: "In the provinces of Haijiang, traitors abducted and sold piglets, and trapped people in misery.

"Now that the Republic of China has been established, it is urgent to save it in order to respect human rights and protect the whole country. In addition, the expatriates are scattered on various islands, and those who are self-sufficient in industry and commerce are also really many disciples, and they have been repeatedly abused by outsiders, but they have worked hard and loved the Zongbang. Today, the people of the Republic of China enjoy freedom and happiness together, why can't they tolerate the expatriates to go to the corner and not help them? In addition to ordering the Governor of Guangdong to strictly prohibit the export of piglets, the Ministry of Governorship has urgently ordered the Ministry to properly plan measures to eliminate trafficking and protect overseas Chinese, so as to ensure that the righteousness of fraternity and equality is vigorously implemented. ”

(8) Opium is strictly prohibited. The Democratic-Republicans are staunch anti-smokers.

Grandchild. Middle. In the name of the provisional president, Shan's edict on the prohibition of opium said: "Opium has poisoned China for a hundred years, indulged in the noble and lowly, spread to the whole country, lost its job, wasted money, soaked in prostitution, and the caste has perished. ”

He "declares to the world that it is the duty of the people to protect the country and the family, and that it is the duty of the husband to be self-reliant, that the people are able to do so, and that those who have the power to drink and drink and are at peace with themselves, and who have forgotten to return, shall not be the people of the republic, and that when the Senate is legislated, he shall be deprived of all public rights to be elected in the elections, and shall not be in harmony with the people, and shall be transferred from the Ministry of the Interior to the governors of the provinces, and shall be notified to the subordinate government offices, and shall reaffirm the prohibition of all kinds of smoking."

He also made a request: "I especially hope that all groups will give speeches to the councils, persuade them as they please, and do not be afraid of hard work, so that they can be wise in their interests, tend to know the direction, eliminate bad habits, and work together to be a new people, and the shame of the sick man of Yongxue Yadong, and the wind of Qingming in the middle of summer will be maintained for a long time." ”

Britain was the main culprit in the opium trade, and the Treaty of Nanking legalized this evil act.

Therefore, Sun. Middle. When opium was strictly forbidden, the mountain was very careful about its relationship with the British.

Even after his dismissal from office, he wrote to the London newspapers on the issue of the ban on smoking: "Opium is a great evil to China, and it kills our people more than the plague and famine." Now that we have built a republican form of government, we are eager to sweep away this poison and accomplish it. After retiring from the post of interim president, Yu devoted himself to studying this matter and knew that the most important move today was to ban the cultivation of opium poppies in China. However, if it is not forbidden to sell at the same time, it is difficult to stop planting, so it is necessary to suspend the purchase of *** as a ban, and the ban on planting can be effective. Because of the treaty with your country, which is difficult to follow, I dare to ask your country to extend supreme benevolence at the beginning of the foundation of our new country, and to stop this unkind trade. I would like to earnestly ask your country, in the name of humanity and truthfulness, to allow us to prohibit the sale of foreign medicines, native medicines, and harmful drugs in our own territory, and to prohibit the sale of foreign medicines, local medicines, and harmful drugs, and to stop planting as soon as possible, and to beg for the help of the British people for the sake of the countrymen. ”

(9) Change the title.

The title also involves human rights and personal equality, and the feudal society is a hierarchical society, and the strict hierarchy is clearly expressed from the title. Therefore, the name of man and man is also related to "republican" and "autocratic"

Between the officials and the people of the Republic of China, between the upper and lower levels, and between the people, how to call it, Sun. Middle. Mountains are very important.

In an order issued in the name of the President, he said: "The government is the organ of administration, and the staff is the servant of the people. Before the investigation, the Qing official hall regarded the rank of the official, and there were names such as adults and masters, and those who received it were ashamed, and those who gave it lost their bodies, and there was no way to take it. After the recovery, the local government offices of the central government were indiscriminately inspected, and they still followed the old name, which was very defiled by the republican form of government. After that, the personnel of the various official offices were commensurate with each other, and the people were generally called Mr. and Jun, and they were no longer called the former Qing official halls. ”

Commensurate with the official position, compared with the "lord", it is definitely a great improvement.

(10) Abolish kneeling. The ritual of kneeling is a kind of feudal etiquette that advocates foolishness, loyalty and filial piety, and reflects the extreme inequality of personality. And this etiquette is incompatible with equality and human rights. Therefore, at the meeting of provincial representatives in Nanjing, Sun. Middle. The mountain immediately proposed to abolish the kneeling salute, stipulating that ordinary people should bow to each other, and the most saluted salute should be three bows. This proposal was approved by all the delegates, and since then the bow has gradually become popular.

(11) Prohibition of gambling. Interim Politics. The Ministry of the Interior consulted with the ministries and governors of all provinces, demanding that "all gambling should be banned." The method is: "All places where people gather for banquets, pleasures, and drinks are not allowed to repeat the old habit of gambling." Those who sell all kinds of gambling equipment in their shops will destroy them and will never be allowed to sell them in the future. It is responsible for the local patrol police to closely inspect and if there is a violation, they will be punished according to the current legal offense, and the people will be disciplined by eliminating gambling practices. ”

(12) Honesty and public service.

Grandchild. Middle. The mountains run everywhere for the democratic republic, and the life is extremely frugal. Most of his travel expenses were financed by others, and he was often penniless. Even after he became the provisional president, the coat he wore was made of a very crude tweed.

Due to the Provisional Regime. The government is in financial difficulties and has a lot of waste to do, so there is no provision for the payment of salaries from the president to the general staff. They are not only subject to food and lodging. Outside the government supply, each person was only given by the Provisional Government. Military coupons issued by the Ministry of Finance of the government are 30 yuan. It's actually a supply system of life. Cai Yuanpei took office as the provisional government of Nanjing. After the head of education of the government, someone went to congratulate him, and he met the chief minister himself washing clothes. A part of the life of a government employee.

(13) Meritocracy. Grandchild. Middle. During Shan's tenure as interim president, he basically achieved "meritocracy" rather than "cronyism" in employing people. This can be explained from his attitude towards his brother Sun Mei.

Now, let's go back to Yuan Shikai's forced palace.

Actually, for Yuan Shikai, forcing the palace is easier said than done, really, very difficult. Although politicians like Yuan Shikai are sometimes very shameless, in many cases, they still need some face. After all, it is a public figure, and it is still necessary to take into account the social image.

Because, Yuan Shikai has always claimed that he is "the world receives the favor of the country and is loyal to the country". Before the peace talks, he had been shouting the slogan of opposing the republic loudly, and often confessed to everyone: "Yu Shenhe Guoen, although the situation is so far, how can I bear the orphans and widows!" More than once, he proclaimed: "Since I came out of the mountain, I have established a constitutional monarchy, and there is nothing to change at this time." ”

One day not long ago, on the way out of the scattered dynasty, his younger brother Yuan Shixu pointed to the debate behind his head and asked Yuan Shikai: "Brother, what do you do about this plan?" ”

Yuan Shikai also replied categorically: "You can rest assured, I still cherish it very much, and I will do everything possible to protect it." ”

After the start of the peace between the north and the south, Yuan Shikai also respectfully said to the royal family: "Shikai is favored by the country and will definitely preside over the constitutional monarchy." ”

Not only that, Yuan Shikai also kept declaring these claims to foreign ministers.

For example, on November 18, 1911, when summoning the Japanese Minister to China, Hikoyoshi Ijiin, he also promised: "As a fundamental solution to the current situation, I personally advocate the necessity of a constitutional monarchy." ”

On the 23rd of the same month, he met with the British "Times" reporter Mo Lixun, and still insisted that "the Qing Dynasty is beneficial for all generations." ”

Until the beginning of January of the following year, he said on diplomatic occasions that he himself "will always be loyal to the imperial court and will never join forces with the republican rebels." ”

It has always been shown everywhere that he and the Qing court share weal and woe, and their interests are inseparable. All he has to do is to repay the Qing court's kindness to him.

Yes, Yuan Shikai is difficult. He has always had a hard time making up his mind, and in addition to not daring to trust these revolutionary parties, this aspect cannot but be an important consideration. If the National Assembly made a decision to implement the republican system, it would be easy to say that he Yuan Shikai just had to accept the decision of the National Assembly and had to do it as a last resort.