As a younger generation, Naohide did not have an in-depth discussion with Yokoi Konan about Xiao Nan's specific propositions of "mercantilism", and did not understand whether he simply advocated strengthening trade or promoting the development of agriculture and handicrafts through trade to form a cycle. Anyway, at this point in time, samurai who can value trade are already rare and remarkable, so Naohide is still ready to give more support to Mr. Xiao Nan in the future.

In the future, Kumamoto Prefecture, which was built with the Kumamoto Domain as the main body, is a famous agricultural prefecture and a major seafood prefecture in Fuso.

Among the agricultural products, the production of watermelon, tomato, tatami grass, sweet summer orange, Shiranui (ponkan) and Sugen Xingcao ranks first in Fuso, and the output of rice and other agricultural products is also extremely high.

Among them, about 70% of the total production of rush grass in Fuso is produced in the Yatsushiro Plain, and the Kumamoto Plain is famous for producing rice and watermelons, and the Aso area is a pastoral area with abundant pastures.

Sixty-three percent of Kumamoto Prefecture is covered by forests, and the Aso and Hitoyoshi Kuma areas are production bases for major timber such as cedar and cypress.

In addition, Kumamoto Prefecture has natural fishing grounds such as the Akekai, Yatsushiro Sea, and Tenkusada Sea in the open sea, and there are many fish species, especially shrimp, clams, and seaweed.

Famous agricultural products include camphor, summer mandarin, Wenzhou mandarin, evening white pomelo, melon, watermelon, black hair wagyu beef, etc., and famous aquatic products include pufferfish, lobster, abalone, salamander, sea urchin, octopus, etc.

Naohide believed that the Kumamoto clan should increase the output and quality of agricultural and sideline products, including aquatic products, on the one hand, and expand the quantity and channels of trade on the other. At the same time, the foreign trade of the Kumamoto Domain is now centered on Nagasaki and Osaka of the Shogunate, but in fact, the Kumamoto Domain can also try to create a local trade circle on Kyushu Island first.

With the mutual promotion of production capacity and trade, it is estimated that the samurai of the Kumamoto Domain will not cling to righteousness over profit, and the Maka theorem is unstoppable. Now that the people's livelihood in the domain is withered by Tianbao's murder, there is such a good agricultural foundation without first repairing and improving agricultural development, no wonder Xiao Nan was taken home to teach by K.

Mr. Xiaonan is well-informed, open-minded and agile, and has a great influence, and when he promotes Saga in the future, he also pulls Kumamoto a few times, and the wind rises at the end of Qingping, after the private economy is good, there will naturally be trade demand, and the more transactions will naturally broaden their horizons.

After meeting Mr. Konan, according to the original plan, everyone was going to spend a few days in Kumamoto.

Kumamoto is located in ancient times known as the "Land of Fire", and to the northeast of Kumamoto is Mount Aso, the world's largest overlapping active volcano. The Aso volcano is composed of more than 50 volcanic eruptions, and the five largest craters are collectively called "Aso Gogatake", consisting of Mt. Nakadake, Mt. Takadake, Mt. Neko, Mt. Tsugashima and Mt. Ebonidake, of which the crater at an altitude of 592 meters above sea level has not really subsided, and the white smoke is billowed on weekdays, making it stand out between the green plateau and the blue sky.

Mt. Aso was formed by four major volcanoes, 270,000 years ago, 140,000 years ago, 120,000 years ago, and 90,000 years ago. The entire range is 18 kilometers between east and west and 24 kilometers between north and south, and it is elliptical in shape, and the volcanic cones of all the five peaks of Aso are visible from the Okan Peak at the northern end.

Kumamoto faces the Meikai and Yatsushiro Sea to the west, and its open sea is connected to the East China Sea, and to the east is the Kyushu Mountains, from which the Shirakawa, Midorikawa, and Kuma River, one of the three major rapids of Fuso, flow out, and the Yatsushiro Plain is a beautiful area in the lower reaches of the area.

In later generations, the Shirakawa Water Source, Ikeyama Water Source, Kikuchi Water Source, and Hona Water Source were selected in the Fuso "100 Famous Water Sources" in the vicinity of Kumamoto, so Kumamoto is also known as the "Land of Famous Waters".

There are many places of interest in Kumamoto.

The most famous of the gardens is the Suizenji Seikuen Garden, built by Tadashi, the first head of the Kumamoto Hosokawa family, and is based on Utagawa Hiroshige's ukiyo-e "Tokaido Fifty-three Times", which is the collective name of the fifty-three official post stations "Honjin" from Edo to Kyoto in the Edo period.

Kumamoto Castle, also known as Ayoshijo Castle, was built in 1606 by Kato Kiyomasa Kato, starting in 1591 during the Momoyama period, along with Himeji Castle and Nagoya Castle. The city is magnificent, covering an area of 12 kilometers in circumference, with natural rivers as moats and huge stones as city walls. In 1625, Kumamoto Castle was hit by a powerful earthquake, and the explosion of the powder magazine inside the castle caused a fire, causing great damage to the castle.

In 1632 (Kanei 9), the Hosokawa clan replaced the Kato clan as the ruler of the Kumamoto Domain, and it took Tadashi more than ten years for the first head of the clan to restore Kumamoto Castle.

Kiyomasa Kato, the founder of Kumamoto Castle, was good at building the castle and managing water conservancy in addition to building the castle. The biggest advantage of the water conservancy project he presided over is that it is sturdy and durable. In the future, a considerable number of water conservancy facilities will still be used by the local people after 400 years of washing. Whenever the flood is over, the local people who are in danger can't help but say: "This is really a blessing for the honest and honest public!" Whenever the embankment bursts, they will angrily ask the government officials: "Why has the embankment not collapsed for hundreds of years, aren't you modern technology waste?" ”

Kumamoto Domain's famous natural attractions include Kikuchi Valley, Kusensen-dong, Kusachisa-chi, Kurokawa Onsen, Tatechi Onsen, and Akasui Onsen, and the Kukusen-dong Cave is the longest cave in Kyushu and the third-longest cave in Fuso with a total length of about 4,800 meters.

Famous dishes of Kumamoto later generations include spur cuisine, heart-to-head cuisine (seafood barbecue), Nanseki somen noodles, dough soup similar to gada soup, Jintaiko (red bean paste dessert, similar to yokan), spicy lotus root (spicy lotus root, similar to lotus root box), and notsu (a sweet snack mixed with red beans and sweet potatoes, similar to northern rice cakes).

Specialty handicrafts include ceramics such as Koyo-yaki, Higo Elephant Mosa, Higo Elephant Mosa, Hitoyoshi Sake, Yuzu Honey, Aso Takana (pickles), Korean Rice Cake (fudge), rush grass tatami mats, and Miyahara Town flint (fire sickle).

But after calculation, there was not enough time, so the four of them took Mr. Konan's letter of introduction and went directly to Kagoshima.

Seven days later, Naohide was standing dejectedly outside Ito Shigeremon's house, with three students standing next to him for unknown reasons.

It turned out that Naohide took out a letter of introduction from Yokoi Konan and met Ito Shigeemon smoothly, but the words were not speculative, and it was almost the end of the conversation.

Kyushu Island is not a big place, and well-known scholars have friendships with each other, even if they have never met, teachers and friends are all from the Confucian circle, and they can always get along. In addition, Satsuma and Higo are next to each other, and they move around quite a lot.

Naohide has been smooth sailing in front, and this time Shigeru Ito Uemon gave him a big nail. Naohide submitted a letter to visit in a proper manner, but he didn't expect that before he had time to blow each other commercially, Ito Shigeremon began to check Naohide's knowledge.

In Ito Shigeemon's opinion, you show off a hairy boy, come to me to study, it's good, I'll test you. Under the first exam, Zhixiu's original form was revealed, he didn't have any foundation in Confucianism, and he had been making up for Lanxue's classes, and Confucianism had not made any progress at all.

Ito Shigeremon took a look, you can't do this, it's just that you are not familiar with the four books and five classics, "Fuso Shoki", "Continuation of Fusang", "Fusang Foreign History", "Koji", "Kojiji", "Benhu Tongjian", "New Treatise", "Great Fuso History", "Fusang Political Record", "Ben Dynasty Tongjian", "Group Book Series", "Samurai Name Copy", "Bigu Poyi" which one have you read, Zhixiu said shyly that I have not heard of these and have not read it.

Shigeemon Ito continued to ask, "What do you learn from weekdays?" What do you usually read?

Naohideshin said, "Have you heard of "Edo Forty-Eight Hands"? Naohide wanted to say ""Samurai Training", "Martial Arts Elementary School", and "Shido Essentials", but he was afraid that Mr. Ito would not be able to answer the specific content when he asked him, so he thought about it for a while and replied that he studied "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" by Rangaku on weekdays.

Because Shimazu Shigehiro (1745-1833), the next feudal lord of Satsuma, was fond of orchid studies and attached great importance to education, he established the Shoshikan (1773), the Medical Museum (1773), and the Meitokikan (1779). Therefore, the Satsuma clan was no stranger to Lanxue.

Mr. Ito is so depressed, you are a fool when a student of Lanxue comes to visit one of my Yangming scholars, right? But with Mr. Xiao Nan's letter of introduction, it was not easy to attack, so I had to ask, "What do you want?" What is your purpose, what do you want to do?

"I wrote two books, "Hori-style Farming" and "Hori-style Rice Fields Producing Carp", and Egawa Tanan said that he wrote them well. Zhu Zi said that he knows things, and Mr. Yang Ming said that he follows things, so am I on the right path of learning? ”

Naoxiu's question seems simple, and a simple answer to "it's just a small technique" is fine, but it's actually not easy to answer, why?

Because Confucian scholars have always advocated the rule of three generations, the rule of etiquette, the rule of virtue, the rule of benevolence, and the four virtues of benevolence, righteousness, loyalty, and filial piety, believing that as long as everyone does this, the world will become better and the world will be ruled greatly. However, human beings are often insignificant in the face of nature, and natural disasters and other natural disasters continue to appear, so it is inevitable that some people will wonder, can Confucianism alone be feasible?

Confucianism later came up with the theory of the induction of heaven and man, which connected morality and the natural world in Confucianism. However, the induction of heaven and man only explains the relatively large natural phenomena, so how to explain the natural phenomena that can be seen everywhere, such as water flowing down and fire heating food? What is the relationship between nature and man?

The great Confucian Zhu Xi put forward the theory of rational qi, explaining that "reason is the law of things, qi is the material that casts all things, and everything in the world is the product of the unity of reason and qi". Zhu Zixue believes that the avenue of Confucianism is reason, and also puts forward the saying of "preserving heavenly principles and destroying human desires" - according to Zhu Zixue's words, "desire" is not in line with the idea of heavenly principles. Knowing things is the view of Zhu Zixue, so Confucianism connects all things in nature with people.

Later, the great Confucian king Yangming "invented the unfinished meaning of Zhu Zi", inherited Lu Jiuyuan's "clear insight" and "heart is reason", and founded Yangming Xinxue, also known as "Lu Wang Xinxue".

Yang Mingxin Theory proposes that "the heart is reason", which means that reason and mind are inseparable. In terms of learning methods, he proposes the unity of knowledge and action, and also agrees with the knowledge of things.

On a large scale, Zhu Zixue and Yangming Xinxue are both Confucianism, and both advocate the four virtues of etiquette, virtue, benevolence and Confucianism. So what's the difference?

The points supported by Naohide are:

Zhu Zixue believes that the soul of the human heart is not known. Everything in the world is reasonable, so when knowledge and reason meet, they will learn from things, and gradually make knowledge close to heavenly principles. And the best in terms of knowledge is the Confucian sages, they have achieved "the best knowledge of things", and various classics of Confucianism record these "consciences" that are closest to the principles of heaven.

Yang Ming Xinxue believes that human thought is also a thing in the world, since "the things in the world are all reasonable", then human thought also contains "reason", so the study of one's own thoughts can also make knowledge close to the heavenly principle, that is, he divided the "knowledge" of Zhu Zixue into two parts: "heart" and "reason", what is "heart"? It is the thinking activity of human beings, who also regard the "heart" as "the thing of the world", so they think that the study of the "heart" can also lead to knowledge, so everyone has a "heart" and can study their own thinking activities, so they conclude that "everyone can be a saint".

"Xinxue" affirms the perceptual understanding of the individual, and believes that the perceptual understanding of the individual is conscience - in fact, the study of the mind believes that it may be conscience, but where the disciples of Xinxue care so much, they define their own cognition as conscience. I'm also talking about conscience, anyway, Zhu Zixue also admits that the principle of heaven is the highest and unattainable, so what is the difference between your conscience and mine? Is the understanding you get from the classics of the Confucian sages certainly higher than the understanding I get from the classics? My disciples not only "learn from things", I also "follow things", "unity of knowledge and action", I also practice and reflect, you, a disciple of Zhu Zixue, read books every day and look stupid, what conscience can you have? Because the study of mind encourages the individual's thoughts, it is very popular and popular.

However, whether it is Zhu Zixue or Xinxue, conscience is concentrated on moral construction and governance. It still hasn't solved the problem of "how to explain the natural phenomena that can be seen everywhere, such as water flowing down and fire heating food". Zhu Zixue and Yangmingxue both support Gewu, so why don't they bring natural science into the scope of Confucianism?

The Tenpo Murder Scholar Daishio Heihachiro Uprising is still saying that the shogunate has not done a good job of etiquette, virtue, and benevolence, but the population of Fuso has not grown in the past 100 years, and the rule of etiquette, virtue, and benevolence cannot solve this problem, so why can't we face up to natural science? At the very least, it's good to give an evaluation of Lanxue and conscience? Naohide has always been very dissatisfied with this.

So Naohide asked Mr. Ito, "I wrote two books, 'Hori-style Farming' and 'Hori-style Rice Producing Carp', and Egawa Tanan said that the writing was good. Zhu Zi said that he knows things, and Mr. Yang Ming said that he follows things, so am I on the right path of learning? This sentence is to ask, "I am good at agriculture, what do you think of a scholar like me?" ”

This is the same question that Zhixiu asked Mr. Xiao Nan, when Zhixiu asked "Lanxue also studies the principle of all things, so does Zhu Zi Confucianism recognize the academic status of Lanxue?" ”

Mr. Xiao Nan put aside this issue at that time, but Mr. Xiao Nan was a special case of Confucianism, he was a pragmatist, and he did not oppose or obviously support Lanxue.

Naoxiu was ridiculed for a long time today - in fact, Mr. Ito really didn't ridicule him, it's just that Mr. Ito thinks Confucianism is important and asks a few more questions about Confucianism, Naoxiu can't answer and feels embarrassed, a little annoyed, Naoxiu thinks what's wrong with me learning Lanxue, I can help many people with good Lanxue, you think I'm not educated, your mind is to study the conscience of the heart, I study agriculture to the conscience, why do you look down on me?

So Naohide asked Mr. Ito, "I wrote two books, "Hori-style Farming" and "Hori-style Rice Producing Carp", and Egawa Tanan said that he wrote well. Zhu Zi said that he knows things, and Mr. Yang Ming said that he follows things, so am I on the right path of learning? ”

Mr. Ito was furious, feeling offended, "If you know it, you can't keep it, and if you get it, you will lose it", and with a wave of his hand, he asked the servant to drive them out of the door.

Mr. Ito's answer was the words of Confucius in the Analects of Wei Linggong, which means, "It is enough to obtain it with ingenuity, but benevolence cannot keep it, and even if it is obtained, it will be lost." No matter how well you learn from Xiulan, you won't end well!

Zhixiu went out and was blown by the cold wind, and only then did he wake up, and he is not a heartthrob, so everyone likes him. What's more, I visited Yangming scholars, and it is my duty for people to ask a few words of Confucian knowledge, and I didn't ask you what it means to "have nothing outside your heart, nothing outside your heart, and no reason outside your heart", which is quite interesting.

Mr. Ito asked himself why he came, and he misunderstood that adults looked down on him, so he asked rhetorically and was kicked out, which was really a mistake.

Naohide patted his head, he was too anxious, he couldn't get home to nourish his qi, Mr. Ito asked himself why he came, and if he replied, "I know that I can't learn, I hope Mr. Ito will recommend a few books", wouldn't this be related? After that, I came to Mr. Ito every day to ask for advice, and then I was able to get to know Masanoke Okubo and Saigo Takanaga? I wonder what impact this impulse will have on the future?