The three of them walked through the streets of Osaka and felt a different prosperity from Edo. Filled with bustling crowds and speaking loudly with a local accent, Osaka was also a Tenryo-shogunate territory, but it was less like Edo, more like a city of merchants, and the air was filled with a cheerful and free atmosphere. There are shops everywhere, pedestrians in a hurry, and at almost every intersection, there are open-air performers performing "Street Joruri" or Pingdan, and there are "Shibunya" roadside stalls everywhere, and tempura on the Shiren charcoal stove, grilled eel skewers, sushi, oden, soba noodles, grilled squid, grilled glutinous rice dumplings, and Taraku tofu emit an enticing aroma. Although it was a samurai who lost his identity by eating "Siwenya", he was infected by the lively crowd, and Naoxiu still bought some snacks for everyone to satisfy their hunger.

I almost didn't feel the passage of time, and before I knew it, we were all at our destination, the Shikisaijuku in Washimachi.

It is a two-story building connected by two courtyard walls in front and back, and it belongs to the "earth storage building", and the rammed earth wall and tile roof are built on the board. There is a small courtyard in front of it, and there is a disciple of Mr. Ogata Koan waiting at the door.

Naohide looked at each other sincerely, "Good afternoon, Naohide Hori, who came from Edo to visit Mr. Hongan, is next to my companions Toranosuke Takemae and Nakamura Gakujiro. I took the liberty to visit, thank you for your hard work", the three of them bowed slightly together, and handed over a letter of introduction from Mr. Ito Genpo.

"Good afternoon, Hori-kun, I'm Heijiro, a disciple of Mr. Hongan", Heijiro bowed, "Mr. is busy, please wait a while". Heijiro soon returned, "Hori-kun and two guests, Mr. Hong'an, please enter."

Ogata Koan is a good age of thirty-three, with a loud voice and an elegant and confident demeanor, and he looks like a well-educated person.

After serving tea, Naohide greeted and offered a souvenir, and Mr. Hongan was polite three times and finally accepted the gift.

After exchanging pleasantries, Mr. Hongan politely asked about Mr. Ito Hyunpa's physical condition. Speaking of which, Mr. Hongan once learned from two orchid scholars, Nobuchi Tsuboi and Udagawa Banan, and Ito Genpo also learned from Udagawa Banyan, and from this point of view, the 43-year-old Ito Genpo and the 33-year-old Mr. Hongan are the same Lanxue brothers. Ogata Hongan's closeness to Naohide is also affected by the environment, because the current environment of Orchid Studies is very bad, which leads to the relationship between Orchid scholars becoming closer.

Orchid studies began with Tokugawa Yoshimune, the eighth shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate, and under the influence of his policy of encouraging the study of Western technology and increasing production and rejuvenating the country, in the fifth year of Motobun (1740), Aoki Kunyang and Noro Motojo were commissioned to learn Dutch and translate botanical works.

Taking this as an opportunity, Maeno Ryozawa, Sugita Genhaku and others were very curious about the Dutch anatomy and medical books they were lucky to get, and found that the descriptions of the structure and organs of the human body in many works of Chinese medicine did not conform to the facts.

In particular, in the eighth year of Tenmei (1788), he wrote and completed the famous basic primer "Orchid Steps", which was created in Edo, and was invariably called "Rangaku" among his peers, and this novel name soon spread throughout Fuso.

As Lan scholars continued to translate Western works, including medical and surgical medicine, naturalism (flora and fauna), astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, geography, and military science, the influence of Lan began to increase with medicine and various practical applications.

In the eighth year of the culture (1811), the shogunate set up the "Fanshu Reconciliation Imperial Library" compilation hall, which gathered a large number of orchid scholars, organized the systematic translation of Western books, and translated Western geography books, artillery books, and encyclopedias into Japanese, such as "Yo Gazetteer", "Complete Book of Maritime Gunnery", and "Hosei New Edition".

Among them, the "New Edition of Health and Welfare" is a translation of the "Daily Encyclopedia" compiled by a French bishop, which lasted more than 30 years (1811~1840s), and the translation reached 100 volumes, but it was not completed in the end and was never published at that time.

Why is "Welfare New Edition" not finished? Because two things happened during this period, which dealt a major blow to Lanxue.

In the 11th year of Fuso's reign (1828), the "Siebold Incident" occurred. Siebold was accused by the shogunate of being a foreign spy for carrying secrets such as the map of Fuso and the "Journey to the Eastern Tartars" and was sentenced to deportation and a lifetime ban on Fuso territory. At that time, Takahashi Sakuzaemon Keiho, who was the shogunate's astronomical and calligrapher, and Gensho, the samurai of the astronomical party, were implicated, and Takahashi died.

Later, in the 10th year of Tenpo (1839), the "Prison of the Barbarian Society" took place, which was the first official suppression of Ranshi scholars by the shogunate.

"Siebold Incident": In the 11th year of the Bunsei (1828), the medical officer of the Dutch Pavilion, Siebaldeto Takahashi Keiho, gave Mamiya Hayashizo a package containing a gift and a letter for him. However, Mamiya was attacked by the Russians on the island of Seki in the Kuril Islands near the northern part of Ezo, so he was always wary of Westerners. Therefore, instead of opening the package, he handed it directly to the shogunate, triggering the shogunate's wariness of Siebald. In the same year, Siebold returned to Japan when a Dutch merchant ship was about to leave Nagasaki for Indonesia and ran aground in a storm, and a copy of the Fuso map, Edo Castle, and Sakhalin Island map, which were forbidden to be taken out of the country, was found in the ship's cargo, causing a crisis, and Siebold was detained pending the results of the investigation.

Among them, the map of Fuso is a small map of Fuso that was given to Siebold by Takahashi Sakuzaemon Keiho, the then shogunate's astronomical and calligrapher, and the small map is from the "Complete Map of the Great Fuso Coastal Land" drawn by Ino Tadakei, the most authoritative national map of Fuso at that time. The map was highly classified during the period when Fuso was locked down, so it aroused the anxiety and vigilance of the shogunate.

What happened to make the high-ranking samurai Keiho Takahashi violate the ban to do this? Is Siebold a spy or not? Why was Takahashi Keiho dead and Siebold only deported?

The truth of the matter can only be attributed to Takahashi's lack of sensitivity to the level of map secrecy, and the reason for the troublesome incident is that when Takahashi Keiho's house was searched later, he discovered his "Chronicles of the Temperament of the British".

Takahashi Keiho provided a small map of Fuso and the "Journey to the Eastern Tartar" containing the geography, ethnicity, customs, and experiences along the way of Ezo (Hokkaido) and Kata (Sakhalin) in exchange for the "World Week" in Siebald's possession, because Takahashi wanted to confirm whether there were any unclear places on the northern coast of the Fuso map drawn by Ino Tadashi and others through the "World Week".

At the same time, the survey samurai Mogami Tokunai also wanted to exchange Siebold for the "World Week" in his hand to confirm the integrity of the map of northern Fuso at that time, and Siebold also proposed the transfer of the map of Ezo (Hokkaido) and Kata (Sakhalin) drawn by Mogami Tokune, and Mogami replied: "It is absolutely impossible to give it to you, so I will lend it to you." But remember that this should never be said. ”

As an astronomer, cartographer, orchid scholar, and shogunate (an absolute high-ranking official, similar to the minister of modern Fuso), Takahashi Keiho exchanged maps without asking the shogunate for instructions, although it was only a small map, but there was no excuse for breaking the law and neglecting his duties, but perhaps this is the insensitivity and naivety of scholars to politics since ancient times.

However, the discovered "English Temperament" raises the severity to the level of rebellion, and the preface to the "English Temperament" introduces the bourgeois democratic politics in England, "(England) Since the Middle Ages, the political and criminal codes have been established by the whole country, and the king cannot violate them. Gai politics and law are the politics and law of the state, not the politics and law of the king, although the power of the powerful is not enough to penetrate it. On the contrary, it is noble to obey the people for the benefit of the people, and to defeat the prestige of the powerful and powerful among the people, although there is a difference between the monarch and the minister, in fact, there is none. In fact, the top leaders of the shogunate are more or less aware of the problems of the current hereditary system and autocracy, but when it comes to their own interests, whoever opposes it is rebellious.

Lanxue was originally opposed to the mainstream academic Zhuzi Confucianism at the time, and some high-ranking officials of the shogunate were unusually arbitrary and greedy, hoping that he and his family could always be like this, so Takahashi Keiho was attacked by the conservative samurai at the time and was forced to die.

In the 5th year of Genroku (1692), the shogunate established the post of book reform under the Nagasaki government, which was responsible for investigating whether books from abroad contained Christian content, and those who did not have them could be imported, and the catalogue of forbidden books was not published throughout the Edo shogunate period. It was only during the reign of the eighth shogun, Tokugawa Yoshimune (r. 1716-1745), that the ban on the importation of foreign books other than Christian books and Chinese translations of foreign books was lifted, which is consistent with the fact that "Ranghaku began with the policy of Tokugawa Yoshimune, the eighth shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate, to encourage the study of Western technology and increase production and rejuvenate the country, and in the fifth year of Motobun (1740), Aoki Kunyang and Noro Motojo were instructed to learn Dutch and translate botanical works."

After learning of the above situation after the shogunate's investigation, the conservative samurai exerted their strength, and pursued Takahashi's stumbling imprisonment and death in prison the following year, Siebold was permanently expelled from the country, and Mamiya Hayashizo was saddled with the notoriety of a "whistleblower" and was disgusted by the world.

Among them, Siebold and Mamiya Hayashizo are both world celebrities.