Chapter 032 New theories are needed after the old quantum theory, and the emergence of quantum mechanics means the advent of the scientific and technological revolution

"I didn't come for two days, and a miracle was born in our lab." Alan said with a complicated expression.

"Experimentation, sometimes by luck. Especially in experiments that no one has ever done, there is an element of luck that is even greater. Li Kangping said sincerely.

"But your luck seems to have been good." Alan said enviously.

Not every master's student is able to produce creative academic results in the first few months of school.

Alan is still in the learning stage, and he still has a long way to go in life and academics.

Columbia University held a grand spring graduation ceremony at the end of May. Although Li Kangping had already received his bachelor's degree certificate in February, the once-in-a-lifetime bachelor's graduation ceremony should not be missed.

Li Kangping attended the ceremony, he wore a bachelor's robe and a bachelor's hat, and left a memorable bachelor's graduation photo.

Whether they are government-funded students or self-financed students, it is not easy for them to come to the United States, and most of them do not want to leave after completing their undergraduate studies.

At present, only Peking University in China has set up the Institute of Chinese Studies and the Institute of Literature, and if international students return to China, if they want to continue their studies, they can only go to the Institute of Chinese Studies and the Institute of Literature of Peking University to study for master's and doctoral studies.

Everyone's choice is different.

Su Jun, who went to the United States in 1919 and obtained a bachelor's degree from Columbia University at this time, wanted to return to China to enter the Graduate School of Literature of Peking University, and if studying medicine could not save the Chinese, then he would try to study literature.

Chen Jun, who went to the United States in 1916 to study international law, trained in a direction similar to Gu Weijun.

At this time, Chen Jun received a master's degree from Columbia University, and the Beijing government was in need of diplomatic talents, Chen Jun was no longer pursuing a doctorate, and he would return to China after the graduation ceremony.

Liu Jun, who went to the United States in 1917 to study economics, worked for Citibank while studying for a master's degree and was familiar with the business of the American banking industry, which is somewhat similar to Soong's experience in the United States.

At this time, Liu Jun received a master's degree in economics from Columbia University and has been qualified as a doctoral student at the Columbia University Graduate School, and he will remain at Columbia University to pursue a doctorate in economics.

He went to the United States in 1920 and received a bachelor's degree from Columbia University, and is currently studying for a master's degree.

Su, Chen, Liu, and Li Sijun attended the spring graduation ceremony together, and the four gentlemen took a group photo, shaking hands and saying goodbye to those who continued to stay in the United States and those who were about to leave the United States, and cherished each other.

The majors of the four gentlemen are different, and their ideological patterns, political attitudes, and consciousness are also different, and they may embark on different paths in the coming years.

The day after the spring graduation ceremony, the Woodgate team produced their tenth highly detailed photograph of the silver layer.

Professor Woodgate told Allen to clean up the lab, and he returned to his office with Li Kangping with all the photographs of the silver pattern.

"This photo is the clearest and the shape of the strip is the most convincing, so I chose this photo as an attachment to the paper." Professor Woodgate said.

"I think it's OK." Li Kangping agreed.

"Li, this will be your master's thesis, you come to write the thesis, can you do it?"

"I think I can do it."

"Of course, you've already published a Physical Review paper, and you know how to write it, don't you?"

"Professor, you can trust me."

Li Kangping returned to the dormitory with the clearest photo of the silver layer pattern and began to draft his thesis.

I first wrote a manuscript, and the paper was called "Silver Atomic Beam Method Verification of Space Quantization Theory".

The text of this paper will not be very long, the photos are placed here, everyone who understands it understands, and if it doesn't understand, let him go.

[The orbits of electrons in an atom can only be assumed to take some discrete directions in space, and in the case of an external magnetic field along the Z direction, the angle θ between the normal of the electron orbit and the direction of the magnetic field can only be taken as cosθ=n1/nΦ......] (1)

(①A. Sommerfeld,Ann.Phys.48(1916)11.)

Li Kangping begins by quoting the core ideas of Sommerfeld's basic theory, and then it is Niels Bohr's turn to appear.

How to prove the space quantization theory of Sommerfeld and Bohr?

We designed the following experiments.

A general diagram of the experimental design is attached.

The results of the experiment are as follows:

The image shows that the beam of silver atoms splits in the non-uniform direction in a non-uniform magnetic field into two bundles, one of which is attracted to the edged pole and the other is repelled from the edged pole. The image pattern of the silver layer sediment is shown in the photo.

(a) The dimensions of the original piece are measured with a microscope: length l, 1.1 mm; width a, 0.11 mm; Width b, 0.20 mm.

(b) The atomic beam splits into two separate beams in the magnetic field, and no atoms that are not deflected can be found.

(c) Attraction is slightly stronger than repulsion. The attracted atoms tend to the magnetic poles, causing them to enter a more inhomogeneous region of the magnetic field. So the deflection is getting bigger and bigger during the flight.

(d) The width of the deflection stripe is greater than that of the non-deflection stripe, and the reason for the widening is due to the velocity distribution of the silver atoms.

(e) This fact is a striking proof that non-deflected atoms do not exist in any perceptible quantity. Because non-deflected atoms splash on a small area, they are more sensitive than deflected atoms splashing on a wide area.

[From these experimental results, we find direct evidence of the quantization of direction in the magnetic field.] 】

[I would like to thank Professor William Theodore Woodgate of Columbia University for his guidance.] 】

Li Kangping finished writing the manuscript and then typed it.

Click-click-click.

"Jack Dempsey, tough Scottish fighter, will he be able to defend the heavyweight title?"

"You know, the elegant gentleman Carfonti won't watch Dempsey defend his title."

"No, no, no, you don't need elegance in the boxing ring, you need wild power!"

The favorite sports of Americans today are baseball, football, golf, and boxing. At the beginning of June, at the "Thirty Acres" arena in Philadelphia, heavyweight boxing champion Jack Dempsey defended the fight, and the fighter who challenged the boxing champion Dempsey was Frenchman Carponte.

The "Thirty Acres" Arena does not cover an area of thirty acres, just as there is no wife in the wife's cake.

Three boxing hosts were at the Thirty Acres Arena in Philadelphia to give live commentary on the much-anticipated boxing championship.

Listeners across the United States listened to the live broadcast of the boxing championship radio broadcast through the radio.

Li Kangping was also listening to the fight, and he bought an ore radio.

With Li Kangping's hands-on ability, he can completely save the $200, and he has the ability to assemble a radio by himself.

On the one hand, it is to save trouble, and on the other hand, Li Kangping wants to understand the product performance and customer experience of the mainstream radios currently on sale in the United States.

Zizi!

"Second round...... Dempsey's beautiful hook ......"

Zizi!

"Third Round...... Dempsey threw an uppercut again......"

The noise of this ore radio was very heavy, and Li Kangping listened to Dempsey's title defense throughout the whole process, and his ears were a little uncomfortable after listening to it for a long time.

"That's it!"

The boxing match is over, and Li Kangping's thesis is finished.

On June 5, Li Kangping submitted his paper to Professor Woodgate for review.

"A perfect paper." Professor Woodgate read it without making any changes, and he happily signed the paper.

Now that the supervisor has signed the thesis, it is time to start the master's graduation defense process.

"The dissertation is temporarily kept by me, and I will arrange a defense meeting as soon as possible, waiting for my notification." Professor Woodgate said.

"Yes, Professor, thank you, Professor."

While waiting for his graduation defense, Li Kangping came to the King's Building in East Harlem.

The Manhattan Zeus Company has been listed for more than a month, but it has not yet made a business.

Charles Strauss, the owner of the King's Building, gave the Manhattan Zeus Company a one-year rent waiver. Li Kangping stood on the windowsill of Zeus's office in Manhattan, looking downstairs and pondering the layout of the industry.

……

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(I tested the water today, and the effect of the recommendation will determine the subsequent fate of this book.) Friends who have read the book are invited to collect, friends who have collected are invited to vote, and actively interact with the author and other friends in the chapter commentary. There are Lao Zhujun! )