The "Three Island Fang" established by the Dispatch Office Guangxiang strictly controls the cultivation and harvesting of sugarcane on the three islands, and the local islanders call it "Brown Sugar Hell". The Mishima side distributed a share of sugar production to each household, and the various regulations were very detailed, such as how to grow and how to boil it, and because the share was too high, the islanders were forced to work hard. If the islanders made a mistake, they were punished with corporal punishment, and even children were punished for eating sugar, and because the islanders could only grow sugar cane, all the food was provided by the Satsuma Domain, and the sugar could only be sold exclusively to the Mishima side, so the islanders could not profit from sugar production at all, so the islanders lived in poverty.

Okubo Ritsu's future governing style is similar to this. In this regard, Zhixiu has a lot of complaints. It is said that the human way of thinking is developed when he was a teenager, so Naohide is looking forward to his relationship with Okubo - Naohide has not been stormy, and there are many ideas about the future in his head.

Okubo Ichizo looks quite thin and taciturn, but his eyes are very bright, giving people an indescribable feeling, which makes people dare not peep.

Naohide met with Mrs. Okubo and greeted Ikzo. After that, Naohide retold what he had said to Saigo, hoping that Ichizo would also help convey his apology to Mr. Ito.

"Just leave everything to Yoshinosuke", Ichizo disagreed.

"Okay, let's see Yoshinosuke's arrangement, and let Ichizo accompany Yoshinosuke to convey it." Mrs. Okubo is a very gentle person.

The atmosphere was very restrained when the Fuso strangers interacted, and after saying that, the yashiki fell silent, and Naohide had to say goodbye.

Before leaving, Naohide asked Yizang, "I want to go to Xixiang to teach the children a little practical orchid science, do you want to come with Yizang-kun?" "Ichizo is only thirteen years old this year, and he is very curious, so he said hello to his mother and left with his sister and Naoxiu.

Naohide came to visit Okubo's house alone, and the three companions were sent by him to buy something early in the morning. When I arrived at Xixiang's house, the yard was very lively, and a group of people were giggling around the newly transported stone mill.

Stone mills have long been available in Fuso, and matcha in Fuso is ground with stone mills. In addition, many wagashi are made from rice flour, and the Karashi, which became popular in the Nara period, such as soba, manto, and wonton, and soba noodles and noodles that were popular in the Edo period, are made from various flours, but Fuso uses rice as the staple food, and rural wheat is eaten in the form of wheat rice or porridge, so there is not much demand for stone grinding.

In addition, in the Edo period, there were no donkeys in Fuso (at that time, donkeys were rare animals), cattle were very precious, horses were mainly used for the military, and power machinery was only water-powered machinery, mainly used as waterwheels, and there were very few water-powered machines used in the textile industry as power, and it was very difficult to use stone mills by simple manpower. At the same time, it is not easy to do stone grinding by hand, and the price is expensive. The sum of various reasons has led to a very small number of stone mills and mills among the people, especially in rural areas.

The Satsuma Domain produced a large amount of tea, and in later generations, it was second only to Shizuoka Prefecture and ranked second in the country in Fuso, and the local Chiran tea was famous. Because matcha is made with a stone mill, there are many stonemasons in Kagoshima who make stone grinding, so Murata Agatoshi and his family were able to buy it on the spot.

Toranosuke and Gakujiro helped to make a small grinding of sesame oil at the Edo jujube house, and were instructing the carpenters to build a shelf on the stone mill, preparing to use the principle of levers to make a long wooden frame to be hung up, so as to save manpower when grinding.

Seeing Ichizo, Saigo's younger brother Jijiro and sister Koto, who were surrounding him, came over to greet him, and Naohide took out the glass prism to demonstrate the phenomenon of dispersion.

The glass prism was found in the Lan book given by Dr. De Vries of the Lan Guo Commercial Hall, and it was probably a gift, which Naoxiu carried in his bag at that time, and later took it out as a demonstration prop when he explained "Optics" to several students.

How interesting it is that the sunlight is decomposed into seven colors of light by the prism, and the old man and the children are watching with great interest, and the straight show takes the opportunity to give everyone popular science optics.

After a while, Naoxiu gave the prism to the children to practice on their own, and then talked to Yizang alone about Lanxue.

Yizang is less than fifteen years old, and he has not yet entered the Brewing Hall to study, so he doesn't know much about Lanxue. However, the head of the family, Chonghao Bingzheng, was quite fond of Lanxue and Lanwu, and spent a lot of money, and the Satsuma Domain was poor, and many samurai blamed Chonghao for the disaster of pond fish, and the lower-level samurai were generally disgusted with Lanxue. The way Ichizo's father loved and hated when he talked about Lanxue and Lanwu aroused his curiosity.

Naoxiu introduced to Yizang, "Lanxue not only refers to the knowledge of the Lan people, but also includes the knowledge of the entire Westerners. And among them there is a mixture of good and bad, and among them is useful knowledge, which Westerners call science."

Naohide explained that the useful knowledge obtained by the knowledge of Western personalities is "science", and some Lanxue books are science, and some are not.

The great Austro-Hungarian scholar Karl Popper (1902-1994) was not yet born, and Naohide had to say that a certain Western scholar said, "The criterion for the scientific status of a theory is its falsifiability, or refutable or testability." That is, science itself is verifiable, refutable, and falsifiable.

This sentence was too lethal for Yizang, and he was ignorant at the time, "What, Scholar Lan said that useful knowledge can be verified, I understand this; What can be refuted, can this one that can be refuted be correct? There are still things that can be falsified later.,I learned Lanxue and then one day I suddenly found out that the Lanxue I learned was wrong.,What the hell is this? ”

As for what Popper's "falsifiability" means, there is no unified thought in later generations, not to mention a child now, chaos must be chaotic, if Okubo is not chaotic, Naohide will have to quickly ask him, "How much did the housing price of the third ring rise when you crossed over?" ”

At the same time, Popper pointed out that "since the amount of information, accuracy, and universality of a theory are directly proportional to the degree of verifiability of the theory, the degree of verifiability becomes the criterion for measuring scientific theories."

Next, Naohide began to pour private goods into Yizang.

There are two explanations for falsifiability:

The first is falsifiability, which means that a scientific conclusion must have a logical counterexample, and a "logical counterexample" proves to be wrong, thus proving the correctness of the scientific conclusion.

The second is that, after acknowledging the first explanation, falsifiability can also be extended to scenarios where "all scientific conclusions" will eventually be found to be inapplicable, so as to establish a more complete scientific theory.

The example of the first explanation is easy to find, such as "Naohide is taller than Ichizo", indeed, the eighteen-year-old Naohide is now visually taller than the thirteen-year-old Ichizo, and the example of the second explanation is simpler, "Ichizo is taller than Naohide when he grows up", so the previous conclusion "Naohide is taller than Ichizo" can be falsified - it is said that Okubo is 178CM tall when he becomes an adult, and Naohide may not be able to look better than him.

Hearing Naohide say that he could grow taller, Ichizo smiled happily, this was the first time Naohide saw Okubo's smile, and finally became childish, no longer like a puppet.

As for "verifiability", Naohide also gave an example, "Naohide is taller than Ichizo", we can see the height without measuring it when we stand together, and verify that "Naohide is taller than Ichizo".

An example of "refutableness" is the opposing conclusion that "Naohide is taller than Ichizo" is that "Naohide is shorter than Ichizo or that the two are as tall" – a scientific theory must have an opposing conclusion.

Smart people are the most "liarable" because smart people will try to think about why in the way of others. Ichizo felt that he had a concept of Lanxue and no longer had a vague impression, and he was a little happy.

Ichizo thinks Langaku's way of thinking is weird, but it's also interesting, and he asks Naohide to give a few more examples of Langaku's way of thinking. Naoxiu explained to him the "method of counterproof" and "the opposite proposition is the same as the original proposition or the same as the no".

Counter-evidence is a method of indirect argumentation, also known as "counter-evidence", which is an argumentation method that establishes the truth of an argument by asserting the falsity of a judgment that contradicts the thesis (i.e., a counter-thesis).

The argumentation process of the counter-argument method is "to first put forward the thesis: then set the counter-thesis, and deduce it according to the rules of reasoning to prove the falsity of the counter-thesis; Finally, according to the law of exclusion, since the counter-argument is false, the original thesis is true."

The method of counterproof is often used in mathematics, "what is difficult is the opposite" - if it cannot be proved positively, then it is argued from the negative side.

The example given by Naohide is, of course, the famous Euclid (c. 330 ~ c. 275 B.C.) about "there are an infinite number of primes".

A prime number is a natural number that has no other factors than 1 and itself in a natural number greater than 1.

It needs to be proved that "there are an infinite number of prime numbers".

The ancient Greek mathematician Euclid gave the following counterproof in his monumental work Geometry:

The counter-proposition of "there are an infinite number of primes" is "the number of primes is finite".

Because "the number of primes is finite", it is possible to list all the primes from smallest to largest, 2, 3,.....,n, where n is the largest prime.

The number m=2×3×5×7×11×......×n+1, m is the number obtained by multiplying all prime numbers and adding 1.

Since all natural numbers except "1" are divisible by a certain prime number, and m is obviously not divisible by any prime number, according to the definition of prime numbers, m is the new prime number. This conclusion contradicts the fact that "the number of primes is finite", so it is proved by the counter-argument that "there are an infinite number of primes".

Ichizo was dizzy to hear it, because Naohide talked about a lot of concepts, such as "prime numbers", he hadn't learned it, but he was naturally smart and actually understood it. After he understood it, he found it very interesting.

Naoxiu saw that he understood, so he continued to talk about "the reverse negative proposition is the same as the original proposition or the same no".

If the original proposition is "if a then b", then its inverse negative proposition is "if not b, then not a". In the original proposition "A is a condition, B is the conclusion", and in the inverse negative proposition "non-b is a condition, non-a is the conclusion".

Naohide gave an example to Ichizo.

For example, if the original proposition is "It's winter, so it's cold", the condition is "It's winter", and the conclusion is "It's cold", then the inverse of the original proposition is "It's not cold, so it's not winter". It happened that it was close to noon at this time, and the weather was relatively warm, so Naohide said that the reverse proposition was not true, so the original proposition was not true, "It's winter now, so the weather is cold" This understanding is wrong, and it should be said that "the weather is often very cold in winter, and it happens to be very cold at this time today".

Ichizo nodded in understanding. Naohide explained to Ichizo how to prove that "the reverse negative proposition is the same as the original proposition or the same no", and after a while, Okubo vomited.

Naohide couldn't help but laugh and hurriedly poured tea for Okubo, asking him to slow down and think again.

Naohide then went back to Ikzo and gave a lecture on the "logical syllogism"—"the process of deriving a specialized statement (conclusion) that conforms to a general principle by taking a general principle (major premise) and a specialized statement (minor premise) attached to a general principle."

When Naohide was talking about sex and Ichizo was dazed, Ichizo's sister came to give a hot, fragrant Satsuma taro pancake, and the aroma of tamago, bonito flowers, green onions, miso and sweet potato powder was very attractive, and the little girl asked them to hurry up and drink the delicious spring rain miso soup.