Li Kangping and Brother Yutai had a long talk all night, and this conversation was very meaningful.

The next day, Li Kangping sent Brother Yutai to the port of New York, and the two shook hands and said goodbye, asking each other to cherish each other.

After bidding farewell to Brother Yutai, Li Kangping came to the laboratory of Columbia University.

Professor Woodgate excitedly announced: "The vacuum level meets the requirements of the experiment, now, start the experiment!" ”

"Roger." Li Kangping cautiously activated the electronic transmitter.

The electron gun shoots an electron beam straight at the nickel target, which is then scattered at an obtuse angle to the electron collector and then sent to the galvanometer for measurement.

We can't observe the movement of electrons with the naked eye, so we can only use celluloid diaphragms to capture the electron trajectories.

Celluloid is a plastic material that is often used to make photographic negatives.

The celluloid diaphragm is installed in the path of the electron beam, and all we have to do is wait, pray, pray, wait.

The most difficult part of this experiment is the experimental design.

It took Davidson five years to design the right framework and details.

It only took Li Kangping one day to draw the correct experimental design drawing--- which he thought was correct.

The second difficulty in this experiment was the fabrication and processing of the experimental device.

Thanks to the efforts of the team members and the great assistance of Xidian Company, we built the whole set of equipment and completed the installation and commissioning within two months, and now, what we have to do is to wait patiently and then observe the records.

Among the four, Li Kangping is the only one who truly understands the wave-particle duality of matter waves and matter particles, and Li Kangping firmly believes that this is an absolutely tenable basic theory.

Experimental physicists are not ignorant of theories, and excellent experimental physicists must have theoretical background, they may not be able to come up with new basic theories, but they can understand basic theories with a certain degree of advanced thinking.

After a certain understanding, experimental physicists will make judgments, and the initial judgments are often intuitive, and the initial judgment results are usually either YES or NO.

Luckily, the lab boss, Professor Woodgate, was YES for Matter Waves.

Under the basic principles of YES, electron diffraction experiments were carried out.

Mark seems to be an opportunist, and his instincts tell him that there is a future for him to follow Professor Woodgate and a future for participating in electron diffraction experiments.

Mark traveled all the way from California to New York, where he was able to join the Woodgate team thanks to Professor Milligan's enthusiastic letters of recommendation.

Alan is a little confused and passive, and he does whatever the mentor asks him to do. At this time, Allen did not have an amazing subjective academic thought, because his academic level had not yet reached a high level.

Mark's pit, Li Kang's plan is to let Brother Qisun or Brother Yutai fill it.

However, things are not as simple as Li Kangping expected.

For a variety of reasons, the Woodgate team is fixed at the current four, with no new members added anytime soon.

Professor Woodgate lit a cigarette and said, "Wait and wait, Lee, tell me about Matter Waves, in the way you think is most acceptable." ”

Actually, that's what I thought...... Scold...... Yawn. "Mark stayed up all night, he was extremely tired, he didn't want to leave, he relied on coffee to survive.

Alan said, "Yes, Lee, tell me about it. ”

The so-called this school, that school, it is impossible for one person to constitute a school.

Since they were willing to listen, Li Kangping told them.

In order to let people all over the world understand the theory of relativity, Einstein personally wrote a pamphlet --- "A Brief Introduction to the Theory of Relativity". Li Kangping referred to Einstein's method and gave a lecture on "The Theory of Matter Waves" in the laboratory.

"I've been emphasizing this point of view, and it's one of the core ideas of Matter Waves: every particle must be associated with a wave, and as long as we study the propagation of waves, we can get information about particles everywhere in space."

"In what is commonly referred to as macroscopic mechanics, the expected position is on the curve of an orbit, but what happens if the wave does not propagate according to the laws of geometrical optics, such as interference and derivation?"

"At this point, it is no longer possible to assume that the particles move according to the laws of classical dynamics, which is quite certain. So, is it possible to assume that the particles still occupy a definite position in the wave at each moment? Is it possible to conceive of a wave carrying particles in the same way that a cork is carried by a cork? ”

"Oh, these questions are hard to answer, and they would be too far away from physics and closer to philosophy." Li Kangping took a sip of hot cocoa and paused for a while.

"Before the 19th century, many problems in physics were reduced to philosophical problems, and even to theological and political problems. In this day and age, physics is basically pure physics, and we should answer physical problems in a concrete physical way, rather than dealing with them in an abstract philosophical way. You know, until now, there are still people in the United States who don't believe that the earth is round, and they say that if you sail to the end of the ocean, the ship will fall. There are many fundamentalists in the United States who oppose evolution, and in some states there is not a word of evolution in elementary and school textbooks. We also know that Americans love science and revere science, which seems to be contradictory. Okay, let's not talk about that. Lee, go on, go on, go on and talk about our material waves. ”

Professor Woodgate believes in God, he follows God's rules in religion, and he follows the rules of materialism in academics.

Li Kangping continued: "I would like to emphasize that if we are considering a particle cloud associated with the same wave, the intensity of the wave at each point is directly proportional to the density of the particle cloud, that is, the number of particles per unit volume near that point. In the case of light interference, for example, the above assumption must be made in order to explain the point where the light energy is concentrated at a point where the wave intensity is maximum. In fact, if we assume that the light energy is carried by the photon, then the density of the photon in the wave must be proportional to the intensity of the wave. This rule itself allows us to know how to use experiments to verify the fluctuations of electrons, so here we wait for the results on the celluloid diaphragm......"

The laboratory is filled with a strong academic atmosphere, and in this laboratory, science knows no borders, no race, and no religion.

As the sun set, the four of them, who had been waiting all day, got the first set of experimental data.

"Let's see, let's see if it's the same as expected?"

Small black dots appear on the celluloid diaphragm and connect these dots to form an irregular curve.

"The good news is that the device did what it should have worked, and we got the electron diffraction pattern--- which is the black dots. Gentlemen, please record this set of data, which is an electron diffraction pattern pressurized at 44 volts. ”