After some thought, Zhao Yu figured out that whether it was the prevalent Confucianism, or the traditional culture of the Mongols that was compatible with ancestors, religion and foreign ideas, it was nothing more than a way to unify the mind to maintain the rule and a measure to dissipate the people's sense of resistance. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 infoThis may explain why the Mongols were able to mercilessly slaughter their conquerors in wars of conquest, but they preferred to sell their sons and daughters to obey the conscription order.

As long as we ponder the connotation of the two cultures, we can find that the things advocated by the Yuan Dynasty are precisely what traditional Chinese culture opposes, and the collision of ideas has caused a conflict in reality. Zhao understood that controversy produces truth, and war also promotes cultural integration, and Genghis Khan's later abandonment of the policy of slaughter was influenced by the Changchun Zhenrenqiu.

However, from a materialist point of view, Zhao Yu believes that although the Mongols have harmed half of the world, some of their contributions cannot be erased, and have influenced the concepts and culture of later generations. After the large-scale conquest and massacre, the Mongol rule played an irreplaceable role in the trade and exchange of the vast Eurasian continent, and the impact on the course of human history was also very significant.

The Song Dynasty is known as the most developed commercial dynasty in the world, no longer implement curfews, do not inhibit industry and commerce, and Zhao Yu's experience is not a comprehensive opening of commerce, but the policy of suppressing commerce is slightly less, but it has been written by later generations. In fact, only the Yuan Dynasty not only did not suppress business, but encouraged it with great fanfare, truly realizing that business is convenient for the world and can obtain huge profits from it.

Let's put it this way, if the life of the Song people is petty bourgeoisie, then the life of the Yuan people is a big bourgeoisie. The rich merchants of the Yuan Dynasty abounded with the richest countries, and their wealth was amazing, and a slightly accomplished merchant had more than ten buckets of pearls at home. Because the market is booming, and it seems easy for merchants to make money, it is not uncommon for people to be destitute in the morning and rich in the evening, as if they were full of gold. Therefore, the life of the rich businessmen of the Yuan people is no longer a petty bourgeoisie, but a big bourgeoisie, just like today's big capitalists, spending money like dirt.

The influence of the Chinese language on the Mongolian aristocracy was much weaker than that of the ruling ethnic groups of other northern dynasties, and the Mongolian language was mainly used in the court, and some Mongolian nobles went to the local government to serve as officials, and wrote the hook of the word "seven" not from the right but from the left, "those who see it are laughing". Many officials sign documents, because they do not understand Chinese, just like the police station now uses fingerprints to press the document scroll instead of signatures, and if it is a little better, use seals instead of signatures.

Zhao Yu used to think that this was the evolution of the legend of later generations, but he also saw it in the tabloids: Nowadays, Mongolian people who are officials cannot hold a pen and draw a charge, such as ivory or wood, and carve and seal it. If the prime minister is close to the auxiliary official to the first grade, the decree will be charged with the jade book. And just a few simple words on the seal, it is said that Genghis Khan himself did not know what it was.

As the ruler of the Han region, he is so unfamiliar with the Chinese language, and the effect of his rule can be imagined. And Zhao Yu also understood why the literary prison was very rare in the Mengyuan period, it was definitely not the "tolerance" and "kindness" of the Yuan Dynasty to scholars as some trolls said, which was really wrong. Thinking that the upper echelons of the Mengyuan rule basically did not understand Chinese, as for the high-ranking officials, they were only interested in profit, and they were multi-colored people, so they naturally did not care much about the things between the lines, so how could a group of illiterate people distinguish the mysteries.

However, the upper class of the Yuan Dynasty was influenced by Western culture and preferred easy-to-understand popular literature, while under the rule of the Mongol Yuan, some scholars had to learn the Mongolian language, so it was not uncommon for a group of Han Chinese to appear in the group who were proficient in Mongolian, took Mongolian names, and had Mongolization tendencies. As the grammar and lexical grammar of Mongolian infiltrated into the Chinese language, forming a very distinctive "Yuan Dynasty vernacular" style, so the popular literature of novels and operas, which was difficult to get into the hall of elegance, was developed, and many works were created that made future generations enlightened.

"Could history be turned back?" Zhao Hao sat up abruptly and muttered. He suddenly felt that Meng Yuan's culture had many similarities with the modern culture of his previous life.

Zhao Yu shook his head and quickly threw out the idea that the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty came from the modern world, and after thinking about it, he also figured it out, from this point of view, it is not impossible. The Yuan Dynasty existed for only a hundred years before it perished, due to the Ming Dynasty's total negation of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty's influence on China was limited, but those Westerners who had done business and traveled in China would also bring their experiences back to their own countries.

The reason for this is that the emergence of Western culture was stimulated by Marco Polo's travels, and the great discoveries of European geography, the Renaissance, and the Industrial Revolution are all closely related to Marco Polo's travels. However, the Chinese Han culture completely negated the culture of the Yuan Dynasty, until the modern Western learning spread eastward, people were equivalent to picking up the Yuan Dynasty again, it can be said that history and China played a big joke, but in the end it was still integrated by the culture of the Han nation.

However, the brutal oppression of the Han nation by the Yuan Dynasty is unquestionable. When the Mongols killed the Han Chinese, they were generally punished with a few strokes of the cane or sent out for military service. On the other hand, if the Han Chinese killed the Mongols, they would be executed without asking the reason, and the family property would be confiscated and handed over to the Mongols for disposal. After destroying all the Han cities, the Yuan court ordered the Han soldiers to carry out weapon control in the army in peacetime.

The Han people were ordered to prohibit bows and arrows, and even the real knives and guns in the hands of the statues of the temples in various places were also chased into the warehouse, and the old man Guan in the temple was replaced with a wooden knife. Soon after, the Yuan Dynasty confiscated all weapons in the former Jurchen and Southern Song Dynasty territories, and destroyed them except for the good quality swords that were used by the Mongols and handed over to the arsenals. The Han people who recharged in the guards of the two capitals of the Yuan Dynasty were also not allowed to "go to work" with bows and arrows to prevent changes.

In addition to the long period of no longer opening the department, cut off the path for the scholars to enter the official career, the Mongols rode in the iron to destroy the decaying Jin and the Song Dynasty, naturally the scholars as the main body of the ruling body are useless, treat them like slaves, and even rank them with beggars in the industry rankings, nine Confucianism and ten beggars have become the best footnote to the decline of civilization and the collapse of etiquette, and also let them fall into the name of 'stinky old nine' that will be passed down to future generations.

But Zhao Yu also heard the off-string sound from the words of the scholars who came to Qiong. After the Mongol Yuan occupied Jiangnan, Kublai Khan soon ordered the abolition of more than 100 harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes such as the general system of the Song Dynasty, and repeatedly issued edicts to reduce or exempt national or local land taxes and rents. What are the common people trying to do, isn't it just to live and work in peace and contentment, and have rich food and clothing, but they don't care very much about who is the emperor. As a result, the people of Jiangnan moved from the wandering, wandering, and wait-and-see attitude after the fall of the country, and their hostility gradually disappeared, and they gradually moved towards a position of supporting the Yuan Dynasty.

Therefore, this time, thousands of scholars returned to the court, and they watched the scenery lively, but this time the articles they submitted in the newspapers rarely revealed the tyranny of the Yuan court, and the articles that reflected the fight against the Tartars were mostly gags that made fun of the different living customs of the Mongolian people and smeared their bad habits. It shows that in just a few years, the hatred of the country and the family has been forgotten, if it is not for Meng Yuan to do too much, it will be difficult for the scholars to display their 'ambitions', and to put it bluntly, there is no way to become an official. I heard that Xingchao Kaike has only traveled thousands of miles to try his luck, and maybe he can still be named on the gold list. Even if he fails to make the list, maybe the emperor will be gracious, and he will be rewarded with fame.

At this time, Zhao Yu didn't dare to say that these scholars had this kind of luck mentality, but he thought that it would not be in the minority. Zhao Yu understands this mood very well, after all, after this great change, people's psychology fluctuates too much, the king who was once loyal to him surrendered, and the goal that he fought for for ten years was gone, and the Tartar, who was regarded as a barbarian, became the new master of the country, and he couldn't help but be lost, hesitant, and didn't know where to go.

Zhao Yu remembered two lines of poetry: "Who does not swear to donate his life, it is not easy to kill himself". These two poems are from the sixteen-year-old Xia Wanchun's "Self-Sigh", and the era in which he lived was the alternation of the revolution and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, which is very similar to the present. The poem was written in the third year of Shunzhi, when Xia Wanchun's father Yun Yi had committed suicide by throwing himself into the water in August of the previous year, and his mother-in-law Sheng was also a nun, leaving him and his biological mother Lu to depend on each other, wandering around, quite expressing his inner hesitation.

From the perspective of the Han people in Guannei, the Ming and Qing dynasties were a strange change in the country. For intellectuals who have been deeply educated in the Confucian tradition, they have to endure the pain of displacement and psychological fear caused by the overthrow of the society and the collapse of the system, and they also have to endure the spiritual humiliation of being forced to surrender and surrender to obedience under the armed suppression of the barbarians. This has left a lot of people in a mental dilemma of not knowing what to do.

However, the situation has changed faster than almost everyone expected. Jiangnan scholars soon discovered that the time available for their own consideration was actually very limited, and many choices were made in a hurry. Although the result is nothing more than life and death, and the process is extremely complicated, those who have thought about death may not be able to die in the end, and those who die may not have intended to die at the beginning.

For many people, when the news of the collapse of the country comes, the initial impulse may be to die, and the higher the status, the greater the psychological pressure. Qian Qianyi, Wu Weiye and Gong Dingyu, who are known as the "three masters of Jiangzuo" in the poetry circle, are proof of this. Among the three, Qian Qianyi has the highest literary name, and he is despised by future generations because of his fear of death. Wu Weiye also thought of death, he once "mourned and wanted to hang himself", and then gave up under the crying persuasion of his mother. Gong Dingyu's experience was the most tortuous, when Li Zicheng entered Beijing, he "closed the door and threw himself into the well to save the residents", and the result was both Dashun and Qing.

After coming to this world, Zhao Hao, who has nothing to do with this world chaos, has experienced many life and death tests, he understands very well that heroes are not born, and he has thought about escaping more than once, and even thinking about death can't think of his own stand-in to die like a wretch, but when the danger comes, he can't help but think of living, so that he who has a hero complex also understands the difficulty of life and death decisions.

The experience of fleeing also made Zhao Hao truly feel the paradox of history and the unpredictability of fate, although the martyrs of the country died in different ways, and the degree of nostalgia for life was also different, but when they were exhausted and slaughtered, they were all able to face it generously, and none of them gave in, and they were worthy of being heroes. He asks himself questions every time he thinks about it, but the answer always disappoints him.

Life is only once for everyone, and when it comes to making trade-offs, everyone's considerations are always different. People in the peaceful era can never understand the mood of the troubled world. But we must understand that it is easy to write moral articles in a peaceful world, but it is difficult to kill and become benevolent in times of crisis. This is the most overlooked problem for readers. The times can not only create heroes, but also sometimes become a mirror of human nature, reflecting the complexity of human beings and the embarrassment of some people.

Whenever there is social turmoil, people of insight who pay attention to the provenance of literature and practice and have the ambition to help the world will also involuntarily think of death before the danger appears. But as time passed, the southbound Tartars soon stabilized the situation, and Jiangnan's resistance gradually subsided. "The dead are long gone, and the survivors are stealing life." For most people, life has gradually returned to calm and normalcy. The choice of life and death is now a thing of the past, and the spiritual dilemma of the past no longer exists, who would think of martyrdom?

But for some, another problem is beginning to emerge: the lingering embarrassment and guilt of the embarrassment and guilt of the exclusive and the stolen against the detrimentary under the new regime. After serving the enemy, the moral integrity that was once regarded by himself and his peers as the foundation of his life became a heavy burden and weighed on his heart. But being committed to a different race, even if there are many last resorts, his former classmates and acquaintances rebelled, or died or hidden, which made him unable but to express doubts about his choice, and his conscience was bitten by pain from time to time.

However, as a person who came over, Zhao Yu also knew that the scholars who had sworn to die in the Han Court also committed suicide and martyrdom after the death of Meng Yuan; At the beginning of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, under the leadership of many scholars, there were 100,000 people who died to oppose the shaving order, but at the time of its demise, there were not many scholars who died in order to keep their braids. But can you say that these people are unfaithful?

"Headache!" Zhao Hao pondered about the things of the day and thought a lot, which also made his brain confused, as if he couldn't grasp the point, but everything seemed to be indispensable, and all kinds of examples made him even more congested. Anyway, he couldn't sleep, so he got up in his clothes and lit a candle, sat in front of the desk, spread out the paper and wrote down his feelings.

A few days before the opening of the department, the front page of the "Imperial Daily" successively published three articles signed by Huang Liu, "Only by facing the enemy squarely can we defeat the enemy", "On the occasion of the Ding Revolution", and "A good man is determined to be on the battlefield". Both the government and the opposition know that the "Imperial Daily" is the mouthpiece of the imperial court, representing the official attitude, and the article is sharp and bold, pointing directly to the current evils and exposing the current mentality of the world.

For a time, it caused a great shock up and down the government and the opposition. The important ministers of the DPRK and the central government also published articles to echo it, and the right minister Wen Tianxiang even published his poems on the ship after being captured in the newspaper, "Since ancient times, who has not died in life, leaving Dan to take care of the sweat and youth" The words have embarrassed countless scholars, but also inspired their patriotic feelings, and they sang and ......