The first stage of nitrification took almost a morning, a nitrotoluene is a turbid thick orange oily liquid, all packed into the iron drum, at this time at noon, Li De's grandmother sent lunch at noon today,

Li De basically stirred all morning, his arms were very sore, and because of the physical exertion, he ate very deliciously.

"Eat slowly."

The grandmother is still so healthy, looking at the love on her grandson's face, Jiang Wei also respects the grandmother, and Jiang Wei has always respected her very much for the grandmother who selflessly helps her.

After lunch, resting for an hour, the second step again, the second stage of nitrification, was poured into ten barrels of nitric acid, fifteen barrels of sulfuric acid, half a bucket of water, and all one nitrate basic a.

This time, instead of heating the water through the iron pipe, you can heat the water in the large iron bucket and keep it between 70 and 90 degrees.

The fire was changed to medium and low heat, Jiang Wei personally controlled the temperature of the water, and Li De and Li Tong were responsible for stirring.

Cooling down is very simple, adding saltpeter to a large iron bucket pot.

After cooling, the pale yellow crystals in the small iron bucket pot gradually precipitate, which is the melting state of dinitrobasic nails.

Then add cold water, filter, dilute, wash twice with hot water, and then stir continuously for ten minutes, then let it cool naturally, after cooling and filtration, you will get light yellow clean crystals. That is, dinitrobenze.

Although there is still a certain amount of time, Jiang Wei has not solved the problem of temperature control technology.

In the third stage of nitrification, when dinitrotoluene is added for the first time, the temperature requirement is between 50-60, which is not particularly difficult. Just be careful and control the water temperature.

The second step is relatively easy, the temperature is 90-100 degrees, and the boiling point of water is 100 at normal atmospheric pressure, so it is relatively simple. According to the three fundamental laws of thermodynamics, heat conduction is transmitted from high to low, that is, it can only be transferred to a maximum temperature of 100 degrees.

The most difficult in the third step, the temperature needs to be 110-115, keep warm for an hour. This is something that Jiang Wei has no way to do at present.

After returning to Xu's Mansion, Jiang Wei ate a little casually, and then went straight to the kitchen, he planned to do some experiments.

Although the boiling point of water will rise under normal atmospheric pressure, Jiang Wei has no ability to change the air pressure, so he can only start with the material.

In the past, Jiang Wei had been working hard to make nitric acid, and had never done similar experiments. This time, Jiang Wei decided to add something else to the water to try to change the boiling point, controlling the boiling point between 11 0 and 115. Or just use other liquids?

The first thing to add is wine, and after heating, I found that the boiling point finally became lower, and as for vinegar, acetic acid, that is, acetic acid. Although the boiling point of vinegar is very low, acetic acid has a boiling point of 118 degrees at atmospheric pressure, which can be tried.

First of all, acetic acid needs to be extracted from vinegar, and the extraction of acetic acid is not difficult, as long as it is cooled, it can be easily extracted. Because the freezing point of acetic acid is 16 degrees, the all-purpose saltpeter is needed to cool the vinegar first.

Of course, it is not directly put into the vinegar, but the bowl of vinegar is put into the water, so that the saltpeter is put into the water to absorb heat, so that the vinegar does not reach zero degrees. All that remains is to remove the crystals from the vinegar, acetic acid.

Putting acetic acid into the water again, Jiang Wei began a second attempt, but the result was not ideal.

After mixing with some liquids, most of them just lowered the water temperature, and Jiang Wei had no choice but to focus on solids.

The first is salt.

When a lot of salt is added, the water temperature becomes higher, but it is only 105 degrees. Of course, you can also add salt to raise the temperature, but when you think of that huge iron bucket, how much salt does it have to add? Can it get to 110 degrees? And since salt was too expensive, he didn't want to waste it too much, so he decided to try something else. If there is really no way, he can only try salt.

Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate, was added, and after heating, the boiling point was raised to 105 degrees, and the temperature was steadily rising according to the evaporation of the water.

Jiang Wei felt that this could be had.

Baking soda is made with soda ash and carbon dioxide. So what about using soda ash directly?

The result is also a rise in the boiling point, but as the water evaporates, the water temperature also rises. However, there is 5 degrees of room for the temperature of good water to rise, and as long as a certain amount of hot water is added regularly, it is not very difficult to control the boiling point at 110-115 degrees.

At noon the next day, Jiang Wei finally succeeded in making crude TNT, and because the crude trinitrotoluene contains some impurities, such as inorganic acids, acidic organic matter, tetranitromethane, asymmetric TNT, DNT and some other impurities and by-products, it is necessary to refine trinitrotoluene.

There are two kinds of refining methods, one is sodium sulfite method, and the other is relatively simple and produces less waste, that is, dilute nitric acid refining method.

That is, dilute nitric acid is mixed with crude trinitrotoluene, water is added, stirred in a warm water bath, dissolved, and then filtered, and cold water is used to remove impurities, and finally dried to obtain refined trinitrotoluene.

Throughout the afternoon, only Jiang Wei and Li De completed the refining operation. The next morning, trinitrotoluene was dried, and the basic trinitrotoluene obtained was about 7,500 catties, and 1,500 catties of materials were lost in the production process.

One-third of the space of the ten cartridges was put into TNT, and then the propellant was filled, the propellant Jiang Wei used nitrocellulose, and the cotton was purchased from the Western Regions, and finally closed the tail, leaving a lead, Jiang Wei calculated, a cartridge, almost a hundred catties, the power is not clear to him, but it is definitely worth looking forward to.

However, because trinitrotoluene is very toxic, the rest of the TNT after drying, Jiang Wei is closed in an iron bucket, but this is still unsafe, because it cannot be completely sealed, and there are still fine cracks that will leak.

In this regard, Jiang Wei can only use pine slime to paste the cracks, but this is not a long-term solution. Everything has to wait for all the iron cartridges to be made, how many can be made with this amount of 7,500 catties? Jiang Wei felt that it seemed that it would not be too much of a problem to bomb the entire Chang'an?

Thinking of this, Jiang Wei can really announce loudly that from now on, I really don't need thighs.

The next day, Jiang Wei and Li De took Li Wen and Li Wu to a no-man's field, and he first had to do an experiment, that is, how far could this iron cartridge fly? What is the firing range? What about accuracy?

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ps: This is a brief production process, for some reasons, so I can't write too much detail, and some programs and many, many details are omitted in the middle, so please don't imitate it. Because of some omitted processes, you definitely won't be able to make it successful