This year's APS Annual Meeting is scheduled to be held at a estate in Rhode Island.

One of the sub-venues, the Compton Effect Keynote Session.

The Compton effect can be said to be one of the most important scientific research projects in the American physics community this year, so many physicists participated in this presentation.

Some of these physicists were also invited to the Matter Wave Keynote Lecture, so they waited until the Compton Effect Keynote was over to hold the Matter Wave Keynote Talk.

The APS Annual Meeting was hosted by Robert Milligan, and the moderators of each session were the leaders of the academic topics.

The Compton Effect keynote session was moderated by Arthur Compton, who energetically said, "Thank you for joining us, and now we are going straight to the academic ......"

The Compton Effect paper was published a few months ago, and as Professor Woodgate said, it is not enough to just do paper work, we have to promote our research results, and even engage in heated debates with other physicists, with the ultimate goal of getting the academic community to recognize our results.

Of course, not every research project has to hold debates, presentations, and lectures.

Extremely important projects, such as the Compton Effect research project, which Arthur Compton described as "my life's academic future", were discussed at conferences.

If necessary, Arthur Compton also invited his colleagues to visit his laboratory in Chicago, which he had already done, inviting physicists such as Sommerfeld and Duane to visit his laboratory.

“…… The radius of the charge distribution region of the electron is comparable to the wavelength of the γ rays, which can explain the scattering of high-frequency radiation on the basis of classical electrodynamics. In order to account for the lower frequency of fluorescence radiation, I tried to calculate it using the Doppler effect, in which I thought of the effect of X-rays on electrons in scattered matter as a quantum process. At the beginning, /2mv^2 was calculated, and the results did not match the reality. Later, my experiment in St. Louis was successful, and I took two conditions, which were to observe the conservation of energy and momentum in the collision, so that I finally got the Compton effect. This is the work I do in St. Louis. ”

Arthur Compton's work in St. Louis is detailed in his published papers.

At this point, Arthur Compton summed up the results of this work in succinct terms, and he continued: "In January of this year, I transferred to the University of Chicago, and the work on the Compton Effect continued, with me and my student Wu in charge. Our experiments in Chicago have yielded much richer experimental evidence, which has not yet been published, but has been sent to you in advance. ”

“…… The important point of this graph is that the spectra obtained from the various materials are almost identical in nature. In each case, the invariant line P occurs in the same place as the Kα spectral line of molybdenum, while the peak value of the variable line, within the permissible experimental error range, occurs at the position M predicted by the wavelength variation quantum formula described above. Is this what we do in Chicago? We achieved the results we expected. Generally? I think the Compton effect is valid and proven. Arthur Compton confidently concluded.

This was followed by a discussion. Professor Duane of Harvard University was the first to speak: "Actually? My team is doing a similar research project to Arthur Compton's team. A few months ago? I, Professor Arthur Compton, held a debate at Columbia University, and how many gentlemen were there? Know the specifics. After that debate, Professor Arthur Compton and I visited each other's labs? The conclusion? Professor Arthur Compton got real and credible evidence of X-ray diffraction experiments, while I didn't get evidence of cubic peaks. From the information we have so far, it seems that Professor Arthur Compton has succeeded to a certain extent, and the Compton effect is valid to a certain extent. ”

Duane's merit is obedience to the basic principles of physics and conclusive experimental evidence? He dared to admit his mistakes.

Academic rival Duane agrees with the Compton Effect to some extent? This is the greatest news for Arthur Compton.

Even competitors have recognized it, which is undoubtedly a strong affirmation of the Compton effect.

Duane had an argument with Arthur Compton, and he also visited Arthur Compton's laboratory.

Therefore, Duane's remarks at this time are the most convincing remarks.

Arthur Compton looked at Duane and smiled, quite a grudge and hatred.

Then? Professor Ross of Stanford University said: "I didn't know Professor Arthur Compton was doing this work until his paper was published. As a matter of fact? As early as 1921, I began to do similar experiments. After seeing Professor Arthur Compton's paper? I refined the experimental method and got a spectrum similar to the Compton effect. No doubt? Is the Compton effect okay in theoretical principle? Of course? The generality of the Compton effect needs to be further verified. ”

Although it is not enough to just make a paper article, one of the values of a paper article is who publishes the paper first and who sets the banner first.

If Arthur Compton had published his paper a few months or a year or two late, it might have been the Ross effect that would have set the flag.

The results of Professor Ross of Stanford University are a new cardiotonic, a strong demonstration of the Compton effect.

All sorts of positive news came to Arthur Compton, and the Compton effect on his academic future seemed to be recognized by his American counterparts.

What happens when their American counterparts admit the Compton effect?

Li Kangping expressed his views from the perspective of the overall situation: "The facts are obvious, there are two experiments that convincingly confirm the quantum nature of light, one is Professor Milligan's photoelectric effect experiment, and the other is Professor Compton's Compton effect experiment. The importance of these experiments lies in the fact that the experiments are interpreted in such a way that the photon must have momentum, which in turn is a classical property of mass matter, thus bringing the topic of wave-particle duality to a new level! Gentlemen, we have reason to believe that a new era in physics is coming! ”

"Dr. Li, it's too early to talk about a new era of physics, right?" Milligan said solemnly.

Li Kangping enthusiastically praised Milligan as one of the founders of a new era of physics.

But Professor Milligan doesn't give face.

"Coming back to the topic of the conference, there is a lot of evidence before our eyes, Professor Arthur Compton has made a meaningful contribution, and we should give the Compton Effect fair and equitable academic treatment," Professor Milligan said. ”

In any case, the words of the great man Milligan are equivalent to acquiescing in the success of the Compton effect.

Even so, there were physicists at the conference who questioned and even opposed the Compton effect.

"Professor Arthur Compton imagined that scattering could be seen as the result of a billiard-like collision between a photon and an electron, which is also ridiculous! There can be no electron rebound, is it possible? What about the evidence? A physics professor at Yale University exclaimed.

"Huh." Arthur Compton snorted, but didn't explain much.

The phenomenon of electron rebound is indeed Arthur Compton's hypothesis, and if experimental evidence of this phenomenon is found, the Compton effect can reach a truly invulnerable level.

However, Arthur Compton and Wu Youxun do not have experimental evidence of the electron rebound phenomenon.

But you can't completely dismiss the research results that Arthur Compton and Wu Youxun have already obtained because of one unknown.

Regrettably, the Yale physicist completely rejects the Compton effect.

Just as the president of the United States does not get all the votes, it is difficult for physicists in the United States to gain 100% approval from their peers.

If you can get more than 50% support, that's pretty good.

At this presentation, Arthur Compton received 57.5% support.

Li Kangping believes that the Compton effect has basically won on a U.S. scale.

Tomorrow it's the turn of the matter wave show.