Section 345 Opening of the port (xi)
The land price of the feudal dynasty is closely related to the fortune of the country. Generally speaking, the price of land is directly proportional to the rise and fall of dynasties, and it is generally in the form of troughs.
In the early days of the dynasty, the war was at the beginning of the peace, ten rooms and nine empty, and the population was far from keeping up with the needs, so the land at this time could not be sold at a price, and it could be bought very cheaply.
During this period, the government would encourage the people to open up the land, in fact, it was to restore the ownerless cultivated land that had been abandoned before, and the main force of homesteaders appeared during this period, because the government would issue land deeds after the land.
The reason why the early dynastic period was a harmonious society was precisely because there was an adequate supply of land. When resources are abundant, then there will naturally be fewer contradictions.
By the middle of the dynasty, the population had increased dramatically, and the supply of arable land had become tighter. This period is the peak of the trough: the relationship between population and land has just reached a critical point, the social productivity is the highest, the internal contradictions are controllable, and the situation is thriving. At the same time, land prices began to soar significantly.
This was followed by a slow descent and a series of gradual collapses: the population increased, the fields began to be insufficiently distributed, the total wealth of society was diluted, social contradictions increased, the government began to raise taxes to maintain stability, the gentry began to raise hidden households and hidden fields to resist tax increases, a large number of yeoman farmers were bankrupt due to the taxes passed on to their heads, the government that lacked funds intensified its accumulation of wealth, a vicious circle, the beginning of the revolution, the appearance of Li Zicheng, killing each other, ten rooms and nine emptiness, the establishment of a new dynasty, and another cycle began.
And in the process of the rise and fall of this dynasty, the price of land was obviously up and down.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the price of fertile land in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province was only one or two taels, and in the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, the price of the same piece of land was two or three taels, Kangxi was four or five taels, and in the 30th year of Qianlong, it was seven taels, and the highest was more than ten taels, and in the Jiaqing period, the land price soared to fifty taels.
Note that the above end of the Ming Dynasty refers to the end of Chongzhen. Li Zicheng had completely smashed the north at that time, and the imperial court could only continue to increase the amount of land in the south in order to raise a huge amount of funds for the suppression of bandits and Liaoxi.
While the landlords were struggling to deal with the government, natural disasters were still ruthlessly destroying all the crops on the land. All this made the price of Jiangnan fields after 1640 collapse rapidly, to the point of only one or two taels of silver.
During that time period, there was even abandonment in many places in the south of the Yangtze River, which was inconceivable during the Chengping period.
However, this is what happened in history: land revenue can no longer cope with the exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes, not to mention natural disasters, a large number of landlords have been bankrupt, and land deeds have become a life-saving talisman. In order to avoid the expropriation of the government, some people even put the land deeds on the road for others to pick up.
Time returns to the present.
In 1629, when Mr. Xiong acquired the land, it was actually not the best time to engage in demolition.
Although the drought and flood waves and other disasters that began last year have dealt a heavy blow to the people of Jiangnan, this is after all the beginning of the Chongzhen series of disasters, and it is impossible for the people to realize that the future will only become more and more terrifying.
In short, from the poor peasants to the landlords, everyone still has a dream: if they survive this year, they will probably get better next year.
Therefore, in this case, it will undoubtedly pay more resources to carry out demolition: in a few years, the price of land in Jiangnan will fall like a free fall, and then it will be the best time to regain land.
However, some people can't wait.
It is an established national policy to suck as much blood as possible from the Ming Dynasty, and an important node like Shanghai Tang that connects the north and the south must be taken. The traversers who are racing against time are anxious, and they can't wait to set up a stronghold in the whole Daming tomorrow, and at this time the silver or anything is no longer important.
Therefore, Zuojia Village, a small village in the south of the Yangtze River that was originally unknown in history, became the first residential community to enjoy the demolition policy because of its proximity to the planned port.
Of course, there are a hundred forms of people. For these people, who have been farming for generations, whether this demolition policy is used for enjoyment or struggle will vary from person to person.
After Yu Bende Yu Shuban took the land acquisition working group, referred to as the "Land Acquisition Office", to Zuojia Village, they immediately settled in the house. Early the next morning, the news was released here: land repossession, cash silver.
The villagers who learned the news rushed over one after another, and around the small courtyard of the land acquisition office, they rolled up their sleeves and began to watch the excitement.
The land requisition office issued the following land collection price code: five taels of silver per mu for inferior fields, two taels for medium fields, and twelve taels for high-grade paddy fields.
From this price, it can be seen that as the first batch of units to be demolished, Zuojia Village still enjoys preferential policies. You must know the current price of land, even if it is a high-grade paddy field, the price will not exceed ten taels of silver per mu.
The man who sold the land soon appeared.
It's still the same sentence: there are hundreds of people, and all kinds of ss. In a village of thousands of people, there are always people with lively brains. These people either know the surrounding land prices and dare to go back and forth, or for various reasons, they originally planned to sell the land. In short, some people quickly sold their own land after seeing the purchase price.
In about three days, more than 200 acres of land around Zuojia Village were changed to owners. Most of the land is Nakata and Shoda, and there is also a fish pond.
Compared with all the plots owned by Zuojia Village, 200 acres of fragmented fields is naturally not much. But this step is the beginning after all, and it can be regarded as eliminating some people and making a good start for land acquisition.
Next, the Land Acquisition Office opened new conditions: in Xiaoshan, Fengxian, Jinshan, Haiyan and other areas that have been affected by tidal and waterlogging this year, there is now a large amount of land that can be replaced with Zuojia Village. The ratio of the two sides is 1:15.
In other words, if someone in Zuojia Village can come up with a 10-acre land deed, he can exchange it for 15 acres of land in the above-mentioned area. Not only can it be exchanged, but it is also a contiguous piece of land.
This time the village suddenly became a sensation. Now that it has reached the end of the Ming Dynasty, hundreds of years of population multiplication and trading have changed hands, resulting in the current extremely scattered fields, and it is almost impossible for ordinary people to make up a large piece of land.
Now that the opportunity is in front of us, not to mention the 1:15 exchange ratio, some people will naturally be tempted.
The tenants, who account for the largest proportion of the population, are not qualified to consider selling land for exchange, and it is a few homesteaders and small landlords who jump out to exchange land. These families are all miscellaneous surnames in the village, with few people and no drag from big families, so they can leave as they say.
The next step is the handover. In order to hold together, several families first selected the plot near Fengxian, and then ran overnight to inspect the land there.
The results of the inspections were mixed. The land in Fengxian was purchased by Hangzhou after the moon tide disaster, although the area is large, but it has passed the salt water, so the land condition is very poor, and it is basically considered an inferior field.
However, considering the enormous benefits of 15 times the exchange area and the real contiguous land, in the end, these petty bourgeois families came up with their own land deeds: if Xintian was carefully manipulated for a few years, it would become Nakata or even Ueda. But the contiguous land, based on the background of their families, if they pass this village, they will not have the ability to make it up in the next life.
A few days later, under the witness of Yu Shuban, a well-known local land person, the representative of the county government, and a certain shopkeeper of the land requisition office, the two sides signed and exchanged the land deeds.
In this process, in order to so-called "buying horse bones", the land acquisition office also paid extra silver, and asked Yu Shuban to stamp the official seal of the land deed and turn the white deed into a red deed.
In ancient times, there was a saying about "red and white deeds" in field transactions. A white deed is a title deed that has not been certified by the government, that is, it has not been taxed. The red deed is a formal official deed.
Generally speaking, the daily effect of the white deed is the same as that of the red deed. But once there is a land dispute that requires both parties to litigate, the white deed will leave people with an opportunity to exploit loopholes: after all, tax evasion has not been certified by the government, and if there is collusion between the opponent and the yamen, they can make a fuss in this regard.
Several petty bourgeois families thanked them for taking the red deed and their families to live in their new homes. And a mulberry garden left behind, as well as more than 300 acres of land in fragments, were included in the land acquisition office.
Lu Xun once said that the power of example is infinite.
After watching a few families take advantage of the situation and not be deceived, the villagers could no longer hold on: almost all the yeoman and rich peasants in Zuojia Village began to move, and the small courtyard of the land requisition office was overcrowded for a time until late at night.
And at this time, Zuo Hongtang, the sect leader of the Zuo family, who had been sitting firmly and paying close attention to the development of the situation, finally couldn't sit still: when he found out that there were bastards in the clan who wanted to change land, he finally made a move.
Like most villages and towns with famous surnames in this era, people with the surname Zuo naturally account for the majority in Zuojia Village. The Zuo clan, whose ancestors have lived on this land for generations, not only has many houses, but also owns thousands of acres of land around it, and is the largest local tyrant in the vicinity.
Originally, for the Zuo family, the action of the land requisition office was like that, and everyone was watching it lively: the Zuo family, which was rooted here, naturally could not sell the land, nor could it be exchanged by the so-called 15 times.
The reason is very simple: those small households who can't avoid the government's taxes go the same anywhere, but a big family like the Zuo family not only has n more hidden fields and hidden households in the local area, but also the relationship they have been operating for generations is in their own county.
Once you go to another county, what will you do with Yintian? Leaving the intertwined relationship in the county, the officials from other places saw this kind of ethnic migration, it was purely a sheep into the tiger's mouth, even if they just paid taxes in full, they could already take off a few layers of skin.
Therefore, in the matter of land acquisition, the rich peasants took the initiative to obtain small land, but the big family like the Zuo family could not move.
However, things have developed to this point, and some things are not so easy to say: Zuo Hongtang has just dealt with the scum in the clan on the front foot, and Yu Shuban on the back foot has come to the door to ask for a visit to Zuojia Village, which is the first time that Yu Shuban has landed at the door of Zuo's house. 11