Chapter 1165 Shangdu

The entire Zun Jing Pavilion is full of solid wooden shelves, on which are placed a dazzling array of cultural relics.

Su You was excited: "This is a great achievement!" ”

Ouyang Fa looked light and light, and handed over an atlas: "According to our investigation, Shangtang Bodu has a rectangular plane and a circumference of seven thousand meters around the city wall. The northern, southern, and eastern walls are each about 1,700 meters long, and the west wall is about 1,900 meters long. The widest part of the wall base is 32 meters, and the maximum residue on the ground is about 5 meters. There are eleven gaps around the city, and it is estimated that they are the city gates. ”

"The city wall adopts the sectional version of the construction method, rammed section by section, similar to the ordinary city building method in the northwest now, each section is about four meters long, the ramming layer is thinner, and the ramming nest is dense, indicating that the workmanship at that time is very solid, and the city is also quite solid."

"On the inner or inner and outer sides of the city walls, in some sections, rammed-earth moats were also found. Presumably, it is also a staircase up and down the city. ”

Su You looked at the cultural relics in this room and felt a little dizzy: "You guys, how can you find a city all at once?" ”

In a blink of an eye, I figured out that the surface architecture had changed dramatically only in modern times, and before that, the impact of urban architecture on the surface structure was not so great, so the discovery of ruins was much easier than in later generations.

I heard Ouyang Fa say: "With the scope of the city site, we quickly explored the distribution in the city site, in your words, this is called the cultural layer." ”

"The Shang Dynasty cultural layer is huge, and we have found various relics such as house foundations and wells. In the northeast of the city, a high platform was also found, with an area of nearly 400,000 square meters, and there were large and medium-sized rammed earth platform foundations on the platform. ”

"The foundation sites are all rammed with laterite and loess, and the largest ones are more than 2,000 square meters. The plane of the pedestal is mostly rectangular, and there are neat column holes arranged on the surface, and the spacing is about two meters, and there are often pillar foundation stones at the bottom of the column holes. ”

"On the surface of the largest foundation, there is a hard 'white ash surface' and a yellow mud floor, and the foundation is rammed with loess, and the existing thickness is two meters."

"According to the existence of two rows of rectangular column base grooves on the foundation of the house, a large dormitory with a nine-room heavy eaves roof and a cloister can be roughly restored."

"There, it should be the palace of the Shang King!"

"And in the vicinity, we unearthed relics that are rare in other places, such as bronze hairpins, hostas and jade pieces. This further confirms our point. ”

Su You's heart was agitated: "Are you sure it's the Bodu of the Shang Dynasty?" ”

Ouyang Fa frowned and took a cow bone: "Mingrun, look." ”

On the cow bone, a hexagram is engraved with a sharp tool, in which there is the word "乇".

Ouyang Fa handed over another pottery shard and said, "Look, there is also a word "亳" on it, according to my inference, this is the Bodu built by Shang Tang. ”

"However, Master Sima thinks that it is not necessarily, because according to the literature, this may also be the capital of Zhongding's relocation."

It's the business capital, and the political influence of the business capital will be there.

Su You looked back at the map, and the excavation areas were marked very carefully on the map, which was made using the science and engineering mapping method.

He pointed to a trench-like pattern in the palace area: "What are these little circles here?" ”

Ouyang Fa's face turned a little pale: "These are all human heads." ”

"In this trench, we found nearly 100 human skulls, and most of these skulls were sawn from the eyebrows and ears to form a scoop shape, and they were obviously deliberately placed by man."

Then he couldn't bear to say: "The appearance of these skulls in the palace area can only be related to the court human sacrifice activities of the Shang Dynasty. ”

After speaking, he pointed to the northeast of the palace area: "Here, three rows of eight dog pits were found, the largest one buried twenty-three dogs, the least six, a total of ninety-two. At the bottom of one of the pits, there are also two human skeletons buried. Another dog pit is decorated with gold leaves with dragon patterns. ”

"These people should be slaves, and the appearance of the sacrificial dog pit at the same time shows that the status of slaves at that time was comparable to that of dogs."

The gold leaf of the dragon pattern also shows how much the king attached importance to the sacrifice at that time. And so many human bones and dog bones also show that such sacrifices were a norm at that time. ”

Su You nodded: "Brother Shi doesn't have to feel sorry for the ancients, this is the system of people at that time, from Shang to Zhou, from Zhou to Qin, and then to now, civilization is always progressing little by little." ”

Ouyang Fa nodded: "That's right, by the way, there are also small semi-crypt-like dwellings found in the ruins, which shows that in the palace at that time, in addition to nobles, there were also low-status servants who lived." ”

Then, Ouyang Fayou pointed out to Su You on the map the distribution of ruins such as city walls, rammed earth foundation sites of palaces, handicraft workshops, burial areas, cellars, and sacrificial pits.

Su You asked, "How many kinds of cultural relics have you collected?" ”

Ouyang said proudly: "The cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty alone include bronze, pottery, porcelain, jade, stone, bone, ivory, Xi carved bones, and Kongbei. ”

The amount of information was too much, and Su You swept the hanging glaze on the shelf with just one glance, and stretched out his hand to point: "That is also from the Shang Dynasty?" Wait, just now you said that only the Shang Dynasty, are there other dynasties? ”

Ouyang said with a smile: "Of course, let's look at porcelain first, Mingrun You are a porcelain-making master, this artifact is also very controversial, Master Sima thinks that this should be regarded as glazed pottery, which belongs to the intermediate transition product between pottery and porcelain, and it cannot reach the level of porcelain." And I think, in fact, glazed, bright, waterproof utensils should be regarded as porcelain, right? ”

"This has to be fought for...... Su You felt a little funny: "Actually, I think that hanging glaze should be regarded as the biggest feature of porcelain." For example, Meishan porcelain, some have to go through a burning, and then glaze a second burning. ”

"If there is no glaze, although the carcass is fine and white and precise, and the buckle is magnificent, the craftsmen still habitually call it white pottery."

"The same is true for purple sand ware, the kiln temperature has reached 13400 degrees, and the kiln mouth is no problem to burn porcelain, but because it is made of clay and fired, there is no glaze, so it can only be called pottery."

"Therefore, the temperature of the kiln and the density of the carcass should not be used as the judgment criteria for ceramics." Su You said and took down the Qingzun: "This one looks like lime glaze, which is fired with limestone and glaze fruit as glaze slurry." This process is still used in many villages. ”

Then look at the bottom foot: "This is a red mud tire, a standard pottery tire, and the firing temperature is obviously insufficient." ”

Then he tapped twice: "The density is also average, but it is a little higher than the temperature of ordinary pottery." ”

"But I still think it should be counted as porcelain, because it has all the characteristics of porcelain."

"If you infer that it is pottery based on the firing temperature alone, it is a bit of talking to yourself in the study, and your fingers will not touch the taste of spring water."

"All the folk workshops of the Great Song Dynasty, there is no glazed pottery, even if it is the three colors used for the funeral in the Tang Dynasty, the process is actually similar to this, that is also called three color porcelain, there is no three color pottery."

Now Ouyang Fa was happy: "I'll write a letter to Master Sima, Mingrun's statement makes sense!" It's a real porcelain player who can say it! ”

Su You smiled: "The important thing is not whether this is good or not?" The important thing is that this discovery has greatly advanced the porcelain-making process of the Huaxia family to the Shang Dynasty. Anything else? ”

"And more!" Ouyang Fa nodded: "There are many more, from blue-black, yellow-green, gray-brown, it seems that various glazes have been developed at that time." ”

"You're a layman again." Su You smiled and looked at the several complete pieces of porcelain that Ouyang Fa took out of the wooden box: "These are all a kind of glaze, but the amount of iron in it is different, and the temperature and oxygen environment in the kiln are different, which will lead to different colors of fire." ”

After speaking, he couldn't put it down and stroked a bull's head celadon in his hand: "Look, this one is a gray and white tire, and it is made of kaolin, and they already know how to make a carcass with different clays." ”

"The shape is clumsy, the glaze is crystal bright, this artifact can definitely be regarded as porcelain."

After speaking, he said to Ouyang Fa: "You don't just collect the complete vessel, a lot of porcelain and pottery pieces can also be collected, and the whole vessel can be pieced together, even if there are some parts missing, it doesn't matter, at least let us have more control over the shape, decoration, and funeral system of ancient ceramics." ”

Ouyang Fa said: "There are too many things, more than 10,000 pieces, and there are not enough people......

"How much?" Su You was taken aback: "Why are there so many?" ”