"And in the old man, it is to arouse people's desires and follow heavenly principles."

In the warm study, Qin Siyuan said this sentence slowly, and on the other side, Ning Yi tilted his head, and an incomparably complicated look flashed in his eyes.

"In this world, all human beings have selfish desires, and when their desires are inflated, they are blinded and cannot see what they are doing right or wrong. For so many years, we and other Confucian scholars have been full of various theories, and all we have done is to seek a way, the way of great harmony, and the way of a gentleman. If he is greedy, he should teach him what he should be greedy for and what he should not, and he should teach him to love money and take it in the right way. If he is discouraged, let him teach him what is right between his journeys. ”

He paused, and continued: "Why this world is like this, why is it so, in the end, the world can find the answer, so that they will not be confused. This is the truth, but also the principle of heaven, the old man has been stumbling for more than 60 years in his life, and he can't find a straight way, but how to be a person, why do you have such a shallow opinion, through the annotation of these books, they have been written in it. ”

Yao Zunian said something that seemed to be complimentary, Qin Siyuan shook his head and smiled, Ning Yi was here, but he said in a low voice: "Preserve the principles of heaven and destroy people's desires......"

"What Liheng said is like the realm of a saint that the old man thinks." Qin Siyuan laughed, "Attracting people's desires and being in harmony with the principles of heaven is precisely to make the small self and the big self one, but in this world, how many people can really be one?" The most important thing for my generation to write books and carry out education is not to tell them what the end of the Tao is, but what the truth itself is. Let them understand it by themselves, let them go by themselves, if they can understand the truth, it will naturally make people's desires gradually tend to the principles of heaven. As for those who can preserve the principles of heaven and destroy people's desires, it can only be said that human desires and heavenly principles are already in harmony, just like the sage Confucius, seventy and do what he wants, do not exceed the rules, and his own desires will not deviate from the avenue. That's right. Destroying people's desires...... But Sage Confucius has not yet reached seventy, and my generation is ...... I'm afraid it's hard to come to this life. You can only tell others about the foolishness of what you get. ”

Speaking of this, he also sighed with some regret: "Say something off-topic." The old man for decades. I've seen the stupidity of people. There are countless of them, on the other hand, each of them. They all seem to be smart people. They...... It seems that everyone understands what the righteousness is, but they are always forced to do so, and those who are greedy for officials are greedy, how can they not be greedy? When everyone around you is greedy, how dare you not be greedy. For the cowardice of the general, how can you not be cowardly? How dare you not run when everyone around you is about to run backwards. It sounds like everyone is forced to do so, you should blame him, it seems that you shouldn't accuse him, the old man has used too much in his life, every time I think about it, I always feel that it is rare to have a good name behind me, but if you don't do this, it will always be difficult to succeed......"

The old man wondered if there was a way to correct the matter. After thinking about it, we can only explain the truth clearly, and if everyone can understand the truth, there may be less selfish desires. If the soldiers can understand their reasoning, then the soldiers will not be afraid of fighting to the death, the officials can understand their reasoning, or they can be less greedy for ink, if these merchants who are stockpiling grain can also understand their reasoning, maybe they will be able to know what they have done, and there will be great damage to their families and countries, maybe this means can be lighter, or maybe ...... Lin Chaoting will not die. ”

He shook his head and smiled: "Of course, this is also the old man thinking too much." Although these books are sometimes annotated, it is still difficult to say how many people can read them. Liheng, your book club is doing well, when the old man finishes repairing, you can print a seal for the old man, send it out, if you can get the approval of three or two friends, the old man will be regarded as leaving something in this life. ”

Ning Yi looked at him and nodded for a moment: "...... Of course. ”

That's basically what Qin Siyuan said about these books. His thoughts are already in the book, and he doesn't need to explain too much verbally, but only answers one or two when Yao Zunian, Wen Ren Fuji and others occasionally ask. Ning Yi buried himself in the book, looking for annotations one by one, deducing the performance, and what flashed in his mind were those two years.

Arouse people's desires and follow heavenly principles. Preserve the principles of heaven and destroy people's desires......

This is...... Ah, science......

In later generations, Ning Yi did not carefully study science, and only appreciated Confucianism. But with his ability, some things can be deconstructed even if they are appreciated. Science has been criticized in later generations, but for Ning Yi, something that can be passed down for thousands of years and continue to develop, if someone says that it is pure dross, it is unreasonable, he will only directly regard this person as an idiot with zero IQ.

Science and Confucianism were simply blindly abandoned by the May Fourth Movement. In the eyes of some scholars or angry youths in later generations, there is a saying: Chinese people have no reverence. This is not a lie, before the May Fourth Movement, the Chinese suffered the greatest humiliation, so when foreign culture invaded, they could not wait to overthrow and fight everything they originally had. This kind of invasion of foreign culture had an advanced side at that time, but the Chinese people at that time overthrew their previous culture, but did not learn the core spirit of the other culture, and then the long period of pain, the collapse of spiritual civilization and nowhere to convert, was very miserable.

In Ning Yi's view, Confucianism, including all other theories, studies how people should deal with themselves in this society, how to get along with others, how people should suppress and guide their selfish desires, and what form of the country can be constituted, which can make the country the most brilliant and people's spiritual outlook is relatively the best. This is the foundation of all philosophical systems, and it has never changed from thousands of years ago to future generations.

So, what is Confucianism all about? If you look at it from the beginning to the end, the Confucius who founded it was not the moral master of later generations, he was actually very pragmatic, on the one hand, he took the pursuit of morality as the highest standard, and on the other hand, he actually took social reality as the consideration and taught people to do things. From the story of Zigong's ransom, to the exhortation to repay grievances directly, and then to arguments such as "the thief of virtue is also a thief of rural wishes", compared with the later generations of Confucianism that developed to "etiquette comes first", and then to the pure rural society in later generations that blindly taught people to be humble and retreated but never understood the determination of individual rights and "etiquette without reason", the starting point of Confucianism is actually "reasoning first, then etiquette".

After Confucius, Confucianism developed for more than a thousand years. By the time of the Song Dynasty in another period of history, when the social productive forces had developed to a certain extent, interests began to guide people's desires to a greater extent, commerce developed, and classes began to become chaotic, society needed a clearer set of norms, and even a more refined set of shackles, to tell others what you should do and what you should not do. Where is your location. Where are the things you can pursue. At that time, it was indeed the most reasonable to establish a state in this way.

The philosophical center of science is science and heavenly reason. 100 million people make up a nation. In what way. This country is the most harmonious and stable, and this is the principle of heaven, even in the Hereafter. People also know that the differences between the big self and the small self, the difference between the individual and the state, and the unbridled desires of the individual must be suppressed and guided.

Man himself, lackluster, is also an animal with infinite possibilities. But what is the strongest society in terms of its composition alone? India's caste system has the strictest classes, but for thousands of years there has not been even a single revolt in their country. While Confucianism lays down the rules, it actually retains the way for people to go up, it hopes that some people will stand out, and even hope that "one day", the world will be the same, and everyone will be like a dragon. It is also for this reason that China has created the most glorious civilization in those thousands of years, unlike the quiet and dead silence of India.

For the great Confucians, the creation of a study has their own profound connotation, and what they seek is a confidant. At that time, when it came to learning, there was a criterion of being willing to fight and be willing to suffer, and if you were willing to learn, I told you, if you don't understand, it is most likely that you are stupid. Zhu Xi's "preserving heavenly principles and destroying human desires" is the highest state pursued by a sage, and the so-called human desire is not desire, but selfish desire. They are talking about how a country can be at its best, and of course there are all kinds of harshnesses. But as ordinary people or ordinary people, they may not be able to understand "what to do", so well, I will tell you how to do it.

At the end of the day, there are few people left who understand the truth.

The people can make it known, but they can't, let it be: if you can understand it, I will tell you the reason, but if you can't understand it, then I will tell you how to do it.

The rules and regulations of science have never been a kind of human nature or academic backwards, but academically, it is a leap forward. The more rules and regulations, it does make people lose some of their blood, but the man on the grassland drinks blood, the most bloody, who wants to be it? After self-education, Confucianism really found a soul and genetic code throughout, so that after several dynasties and dynasties, Confucianism has never been extinguished, because without Confucianism, there is no rule of law.

As for Wang Yangming's psychology, its core is "the unity of knowledge and action", which is also the highest pursuit as a saint, and the highest pursuit of the concepts of goodness and sincerity, but relatively speaking, as a governing country, he does not have the meaning of "saving heavenly principles and destroying people's desires", which is only the highest state of personal pursuit. It can only be regarded as pure academic development. Of course, in later generations, it was even misinterpreted as "we must face our selfish desires truthfully" and "kill decisively and face our hearts", which is the most comical thing.

After Wang Yangming, the last one of the great Confucians was Zeng Guofan, whose doctrine re-cultivated himself and treated others, due to the environment of the world at that time, he also emphasized pragmatism that was applied to the world. It was just a change that had only been changed for thousands of years and soon stopped, Confucianism was pushed down in the mud, and his doctrine only affected a large number of upper-level leaders, including Mao Gong and Jiang Gong. And how tall are the so-called saints and gentlemen, it can be seen from an incident of Zeng Guofan: he once emulated Zeng Shen, and he was not loyal to others? Making friends and not believing them? Are you used to it? This persisted every day for a month, which eventually led to tinnitus, blindness, vomiting blood and fainting in self-reflection, because of too much thinking. And this kind of strict three-dimensional self-discipline can only be achieved in his old age.

At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the world underwent unprecedented changes. The root cause lies in the fact that the development of science and technology has enabled a person to exert the strength of dozens or hundreds of people, and to create the productive forces of dozens or hundreds of people in the past. In the previous society, no matter what, a person was used by a person. Whether it is Confucianism or the caste system, they all belong to this premise of human governance, and without the advancement of science and technology, they can almost always be self-consistent.

However, the development of science and technology requires people to inflate their own selfish desires and desires and give full play to everyone's subjective initiative, which fundamentally shakes the essence of the original rule of man. It is the humanity that is not imprisoned that can shine a staggering light, of course. Later, it became "a positive humanity that is not imprisoned", and later American liberalism and universal values, as well as the Western literati spirit, all came from this center.

Confucianism was finally overthrown—and it did—but there are so many Confucian imprints on the roots of the Chinese that there are too many pains when the old culture is overthrown and the new culture is not born. The thinking mode of the Chinese in later generations is still too different from that of the West.

The Chinese people's method of analyzing things is from the whole to the part, while the Western scientific analysis method is from the part to the whole, which is the core of the so-called difference between Chinese and Western thinking forms. But from the whole to the parts. First of all, a molded whole is needed. If not, you can only take it for granted. From part to whole, it only requires a strict logical patchwork, no matter what the whole looks like at the end. In short, you can move. This has led to an overall gap in the development of science between China and the West.

And on a social basis. The core of the spirit of freedom in the West lies in reasoning first. That is, the number of rights of each person is determined first, and then the virtues are determined. For example, if a lifeboat is sinking with too many people on board, and someone is coming up, you can push them down. This is the truth, no one blames, it is a matter of course, if you risk your life and still save him, this is a virtue. And in terms of the people, first of all, there are too many virtues, you should back down, you should not fight, how should you treat others tolerantly, so that the society is happy, even if the social rights are one, everyone can only get 0.7, where does the other 0.3 of each person go, they are often plundered by those who are not willing to tolerate and do not care about face, so that only the good people or those who want to be good people are blamed, as for the wicked...... Human desires are like this, isn't that a natural selfish desire - when the desire to destroy human desires is knocked down into the quagmire, most people have completely gone to the other extreme.

Of course, this is also a purely off-topic deduction.

******************

Ning Yi and the others stayed in the study room for a long time, roughly turning over the book a little, Yao Zunian and Qin Siyuan had already discussed fiercely, and it could be seen that Yao Zunian was very excited.

...... Science

Ning Yi sighed in his heart. He really should be excited.

If we deduce from the contents of these books, many things will become orderly, and civil rights, monarchical rights, official powers, and so on will even be affected to a certain extent. In this world, people need shackles, which can lock away some selfish desires that should not be had, and people also need some metaphysical pursuits, which can make people impassioned, although thousands of people go to me. "Forced to do" and "human nature" can not become a reason for people to do anything, no one will be "I want to be a traitor" when he comes to the world, if Qin Hui in another history is similar to this, then, he is also in all kinds of "human nature", to the final position.

But that's a traitor.

In each dynasty, one or two people stand up and say, "Look, society is destroyed by them." So the distance between the two sides is clarified, and I will never feel that I am in any way similar to him. In fact, if it weren't for every cockroach that hollowed out the country and mothed a healthy country to the point of collapse, there would be no foreign insults, and it would never be the turn of a few traitors to act, let alone the bloodshed of heroes.

The harm of corrupt officials, the harm of profiteers, and the harm that every numb person eventually gathers is actually no less than that of traitors. It's just that scolding the traitor is too cool, reflecting on himself, he will vomit blood.

When they walked out of the room, it was late at night. Outside the room was a courtyard with the shadows of trees, and under the corridor, the room was shining with a warm yellow light. The night wind was cold, Ning Yi stood there, raised his head slightly, and walked out of the overlapping courtyards, he seemed to be able to see the huge city, eight thousand miles of roads, wilderness, mountains, rivers, rivers, ships, people, everything, and the stars in the night sky quietly reflected.

In every era, there will be certain people who gather the strength of an era, exhaustively study life and wisdom, and shine brighter than the stars at the end of the day.

Ning Yi turned around, and the old man was at the door of the room, smiling and waving to them. Ning Yi sighed, he could understand that over the years, this old man's dedication and painstaking solitude, and he could also understand the responsibility and love for this era, as well as the hysterical cry that was hidden in that book.

Because I understand, I am sad.

Because he also knows best that the time that belongs to this peaceful and prosperous era may not be much...... (To be continued......)

PS: In a sense, this should be the core of this book at this stage, but because the large discussion may not be pleasant, a similar length should not appear again, let it appear, but I think it is necessary to let a part of the wisdom of the Tao belong to the former glory of Confucianism, of course, this is the brilliance in my eyes, even though I have also been indifferent to his theory, but I have respect for its position in the torrent of history. And a philosophical framework that can be passed down for thousands of years, it has wisdom far beyond our imagination.

In addition, "preserving heavenly principles to destroy human desires" is indeed Zhu Xi's words, the core words of the writings and theories, belonging to an extreme state of emphasis, for some of the current open and closed mouths are "human desires" is "existence is reasonable" for the second is not good, but its essence is "to preserve heavenly principles to destroy evil desires", people in that era saw the expansion of desires, and wanted to remove the bad desires through education, this is the essence. Of course, this is the words of the Banana TVB family, I write it, believe it or not, it's up to you.