The time of the inauguration of the head of the Ii Shogunate was April 23, 1858, the fifth year of Ansei (1858), and he was stabbed to death or, according to the shogunate, was seriously ill and could not take charge of the government, which occurred on March of this year.

In this way, the time of the great old Ii was less than two years - shorter than the term of office of his predecessor, the chief of the old middle school, Hotta Masamu, who lasted from October of the second year of Ansei (1855) to June of the fifth year of Ansei (1858), a period of nearly three years, even if you subtract the period when Ii was the elder, it is enough to have two and a half years.

During the period when Ii was in charge, what changes did the shogunate have?

In addition to the "Wuwu Secret Case" and infighting, he actually did a lot of things:

It is better to simply divide it into two types: external and internal.

The most famous thing to the outside world is, of course, the signing of the trade agreement between the five countries.

In the fifth year of Ansei (1858), without the consent of the small imperial court, Jing Yi signed a trade agreement with the four countries of rice, Lan, Britain, and Buddhism, and the following year signed the same agreement with Lucia, and divided the northern Yunwu Thousand Islands with it according to the old covenant of the tenth year of culture (1813).

In this regard, there are many people in Fusang who are dissatisfied, and the one who takes the lead is Qi Zhao's family, thinking that it is too much to retreat.

But Naoxiu and the others spoke highly of this, and they were not as good as others, so they had to sign it, otherwise it would really become a toast and not eat and drink - Naoxiu and others tossed repeatedly in the Northland, but it was postponed for a year, and it did not finally change the occurrence of the signing with Lucia. That's what the situation is, and it has to be so.

In addition, there is a famous misconception in later generations that there is no time limit for the trade agreement between the five countries of Anseisei. Actually, there were, and it was agreed that "the contract will be revised after 14 years". As for the indefinite period, it was a good thing that the shogunate and the Western countries signed the "Tax Reform Treaty" on May 13, 1866 (June 25, 1866), and it was not really an indefinite period at that time, but it was only agreed that "if one party (Westerner) does not agree, the tariff cannot be changed".

And others don't know, Naohide knows, in his original world, in August 1859, the Governor of Siberia Muravyov led 9 warships to Edo Bay, proposing that "the northern land is demarcated by the 48 degrees north latitude, and the northern Ezo land as a whole belongs to Lucia", but the Daijii family firmly refused.

Judging from this matter, Jing Yi is not blindly groveling to the outside world, but there is a huge difference in strength, so he has to give in.

Moreover, Jing Yi also did a big thing, which can prove that he is not willing to submit to Western countries all the time.

This major event had a very far-reaching impact on the end of the Edo period, and really opened the prelude to the combination of public and military forces - although Qi Zhaoyi had long proposed that the Fuso major event required the approval of the small court in Kyoto, in fact, it was still basically at the stage of the shogunate's small court trial. Kyoto wanted to intervene in major political affairs, but in fact there was neither an institutional guarantee nor a basis for cooperation with the shogunate.

Of course, if Qi Zhao and his family are in power, then these two things may be made up.

In October of the fifth year of Ansei (1858), a month after the start of the Ansei prison, while suppressing the small imperial court, Ii began to try, "Can the imperial family and the Tokugawa family marry?" ”

Before this, the Tokugawa family, the general of Zhengyi, had married his daughter to the royal family, but the princess himself married the daughter or adopted daughter of the top minister, and the marriage between the royal family and the Tokugawa family was undoubtedly Jingyi's plan to draw wages from the bottom of the kettle - everyone should not be so ugly in their struggle for power and profit, how good the marriage is, the blood is connected, you have me and I have you, what can not be discussed in the future.

Originally, the imperial family disagreed, after all, this was their last face and bottom line - the shogunate was nominally a courtier, and it was too dangerous for this royal princess to marry a courtier. If the imperial blood is cut off, then the Tokugawa family will have a stepson as the emperor, and there seems to be nothing wrong with it. Besides, Ansei Prison is so ugly, do you want the shogunate to eat it?

But Akaonii is not easy to mess with, so the Fuso royal family has been perfunctory, not saying that it is okay or impossible, "Such a big thing, don't be rash, you must confirm the details first." ”

During this period, Da Lao Jingyi gave a secret to the small court and the royal family through his subordinates, "This founding is just an expedient measure, and when the coastal defense of Fuso is sound and the soldiers are strong, then there will be their own plans." Even if there is trade, the country will not be shaken. ”

What does that mean?

The so-called unshakable national capital refers to the imperial family or the imperial family, the shogunate or the shogunate, that is, the future Fuso in Ii's mind is still the current governance structure, and all actions are just for the sake of improvement and survival.

And "when the time comes", it shows that Jing Yi is not satisfied with the current low and small, but it is just the situation, so he has to be patient for the time being.

In fact, until the Restoration, the shogunate was full of wariness of the Western states, and in the end, the foreigners also reacted - and later England turned to support the fall of the feudal states such as Satsuma and Choshu, and there was a reason for this.

Even if Ii and the small court are suspected of being false, but the shogunate's decrees are always really being enforced, right?

In May of the 6th year of Ansei (1859), Edo banned foreign clothing; In June of the same year, "official ranks, books and weapons were forbidden to be shipped abroad." ”

On June 20, an order was issued that the shogunate banner, the daimyo and their retainers should be allowed to purchase guns on their own. You must know that the shogunate has always been wary of the accumulation of force by various families, and this time it has opened up a big opening.

Based on these few decrees, no one believes that the old man has no hostility towards the Western countries—is it possible that the ordnance was bought for fun? There must be an imaginary enemy. The decree issued by the shogunate is naturally not aimed at itself, and at this time the shogunate is still dominated by the Fuso family, and if you look at it with the elimination method, it can only be aimed at Westerners.

In September of the same year, it was ordered to Date Qingbang and Baoke

Rongho, Nanbu Toshitsu, Satake Yoshiharu, Tsugaru Seori, and Sakai Tadahiro helped to reclaim the Ezo land.

The imperial lords under the direct jurisdiction of the shogunate were willing to give up part of their part to the daimyos, and the wariness of the northern Rucia of the Ii family was vividly displayed.

It can also be said that Jing Yi is unwilling to submit to Western countries or self-improvement, as well as:

In 1858, the shogunate began to relax the restrictions on the gates, and the official school was restructured, and the previous enrollment was only for the children of middle and high-ranking shogunates, but now the children of lower-ranking samurai can also be enrolled, and the number of children of each feudal clan has also been increased. At the same time, the textbooks have also changed from the original Confucian classics based on the Four Books and Five Classics to the contents of classics, history books, and criminal names.

As for the shogunate's Western-style academic and educational institution, the "Hoshosho Shocho Institute" continued to expand before Ii's administration, and in the same year, it was also opened to the children of various feudal domains, which had about 190 students in the fourth year of Ansei (1857).

Military science, which is the top priority, has also been strongly supported during the Ii administration:

Although it was only in the 7th year of Ansei (1860) that the military system was introduced, it was moved from the construction of the subway Paosu to Kanda and the expansion began, but the expansion began before that.

As for the navy, in 1859 the shogunate closed the Nagasaki Naval Academy.

This closure of the study center should be a retreat, how can it be said to be a support?

The reason for this is that although the Nagasaki Naval Training Institute was closed, it was because the Naval Instructor Institute was growing stronger and stronger, and the shogunate was unwilling to accept that the naval training was always in the hands of outsiders.

In the fourth year of Ansei (1857), the Gunkan Professor's Institute was attached to the Edo Lecture Institute, and the teacher was Naohide's old friend Rintaro Katsuyoshikuni, and the other professors and lectures were graduates of the Nagasaki Training Institute, and the training place was located on Echichu Island.

Although the Nagasaki Training Institute was closed, the shogunate did not stop its plans to build a navy on a large scale, and in addition to expanding the warship training institute, it was also preparing to purchase a large number of warships.

In the first month of the 7th year of Ansei (1860), the shogunate sent the first mission to the Western countries, which was later called the "Hamin Maru Visit", and its most important task was to purchase warships, in addition to the task of coordination.

At the same time, the shogunate did not forget to build its own warships, and since the Saga clan presented imported shipbuilding machinery in the 6th year of Ansei (1859), the shogunate's first Western-style shipyard, Nagasaki Iron works, has been preparing for the project.

In addition to the administration of the Shangjing Yi family, in addition to the Anzheng prison, the Naoxiu family is not too dissatisfied, at most it feels a little low - the imagination is not enough, the system construction is not bold enough, the execution is average, and the pace is too slow.

But Fuso has been accumulating shortcomings for a long time, and it is not easy to do this, and if you change Naohide to do it in person, some things may not be able to be done.

But regarding other aspects, especially internal affairs, the Hakodate family has no praise for the big old Iyi, and unanimously agrees, "The bad cards in this hand have been played in a mess, which is really expected and there is no surprise at all." ”

Originally, in the fifth year of Ansei (1858), Oguri Tadashun became the Kandai in advance, although the Kandai was staffed by four people, but "the cone is in the bag, and the end is immediately seen", the original old man will only reconcile yin and yang, you Koguri is a pioneer of orchid studies, and has worked in Nagasaki for many years, where are the skills you have learned?!

After the death of Mr. Tanan in 1858, the shogunate began to dismantle the Nirayama Ironworks, and a large number of personnel and equipment were diverted to the Yushima Cannon Foundry, the Yokohama Ironworks, and the Ishikawashima Shipyard.

It stands to reason that it is not wrong to bloom and scatter leaves in this way, but people and things should be used, and it is difficult to implement the advanced management system established by Mr. Tan'an in other places.

Fortunately, at the suggestion of Naohide, a number of supporting factories were built at the Nirayama Iron Works, which were all merchants' or Jiangchuan's own industries, and most of the personnel came from the old people of the Nambu Hall and the locals of Nirayama. And these technicians either trust the governance environment of Jiushan more, or they can't leave if they don't have the establishment, which retains the vitality of Jiushan.

Nowadays, Jiushan can produce some civil machinery, in fact, this is the reason.

In the final analysis, it is because Oguri, like other survey commissioners, trusts the government more and does not look down on the private industry, and wants to build a few large factories and then do earth-shattering business.

I can't say that this straight show has to shake for a long time before the big move, and the white master also took this path at first. But the shogunate and the white lord have fundamental differences:

Master Bai had little money and little money, and he was forced to do so at that time, but the shogunate was vast and crowded, so what kind of trouble would he have to make if he had to go on his own!

In any case, the shogunate's internal affairs had little success in the Ii era.

In addition, it can be said that:

The Bell Destroying Cannon Order was finally repealed.

In December of the first year of Ansei (1854), the Kohin Imperial Court issued a decree to the shogunate, requiring that "all bells be destroyed and replaced with guns." In March of the second year of Ansei (1855), the shogunate ordered that "the bells should be sold to cast large and small cannons." However, the remaining ancient bells, temple bells, and striking clocks are not destroyed. ”

Before the successful steelmaking of the Jiushan Ironworks in 1857 and the successful imitation of rifled guns in 1858, this decree had been enforced, providing an excuse for the embezzlement of temple property in various places, and there was a lot of chaos - I really thought that the light destroyed the bell, and this other property could also strengthen the coastal defense? Anyway, I can't stop it.

In February of the sixth year of Ansei (1859), I don't know if the shogunate woke up - the Buddhists instigated the people to riot and hurt the foundation too much, or because the steel used to cast rifled cannons was enough, anyway, "it is difficult to extract the cannon material from the cast iron of the bell."

For this reason, the shogunate abolished the "Bell Destroying Cannon Order".

The other two things, although they were carried out after the assassination of the old man, are inseparable from him:

The first thing is the Gosin Edo return order.

In the leap month of the first year of Mannobu (1860), the shogunate issued a Gobin Edo Reply Decree, requiring that "in order to avoid a shortage of Fuso, the five products of miscellaneous grain, water and oil, wax, gofu (silk), and raw silk must be operated through Edo Tsuya."

In the first year of Ansei (1854), the old Naka-Abu ordered the dissolution of the Zhuzhongma, which was to cancel the privileges of the merchants who asked for houses, not only in order to promote circulation and stabilize prices, but also to reduce the economic exploitation of the various feudal domains and to gather people's hearts.

Now that the five-grade Edo reply order has come out, although the banner is to stabilize prices and increase profits, everyone is not optimistic about the result-the grain control of the miscellaneous grains is right, but the other four products, Edo asked the house whether it can be fished or even fished, and it is impossible to think about it.

The second thing is the Wanyan coinage.

The gold and silver exchange rate in Fuso was 1:5, and overseas was 1:15, which Naohide reminded the shogunate when he returned to Fuso in the second year of Kaei (1849). But until the minting of Wanyan coins this year, the shogunate was stunned on the bright side - of course, in private, in the autumn of the second year of Ansei (1855), the shogunate began to secretly "exchange Fusang gold for overseas silver" through the Xianheng foreign company.

This monetary order can not be chaotic, so the Naoxiu family is honest, except for secretly absorbing some gold, they have not made a big profit from it.

But until June of the sixth year of Ansei (July 1859), when the three places opened for trade, the shogunate did nothing, and Naohide felt at the time, "It's broken!" ”

Sure enough, in the turn of the year, by May of this year, Naoxiu's last shred of disillusionment was shattered.

On the grounds that "overseas gold and silver prices are different, and Western merchants arbitrage them on a large scale", the shogunate issued a new coinage, and the gold content of this Wanyan small judgment is only less than 30% of the Tenpo small judgment!

Well, all the losses caused by this time are borne by the people.

In addition to the shogunate flag, there was also the old man at that time, and the later old Iyi, although everyone fought hard, but they actually maintained the same agreement on this matter, which is really a long time to see!

In fact, Naoxiu should have thought of this a long time ago, because in addition to strictly controlling the outflow of gold by law, it is appropriate to flatten the difference between gold and silver price year by year. Since the shogunate has been slow to act, and even after the opening of the three ports in the sixth year of Ansei (1859), even the original Ansei coinage did not take place, and the gold content of the Ansei coinage was slightly reduced, it is unrealistic to expect the shogunate to take on this burden.

In fact, after the opening of the Hakodate, Naohide pursued it, and he used the unified settlement system to get this thing done:

The three families of Karakuya, Himeya, and Shikiya joined forces to issue gold and silver tickets in Hakodate and even Fuso, and the gold was still gold when it was withdrawn, and they did not take the initiative to ask for the exchange of gold and silver.

The same is true for Western merchants in Hakodate.

I want to exchange Yingyang for Ding silver and then exchange silver for gold, think about it too much, which businessman in Fusang dares to help, and the law enforcement office immediately came to the door, "This fire prevention is not good, close the door and rectify it first." ”

Of course, this also brought huge external pressure to Hakokan, and merchants from all over the world complained one after another.

But Naoxiu asked innocently, "Why are you complaining?" ”

These foreign businessmen are submissive but can't give a reason, so it's useless to complain!

But Naohide didn't expect the shogunate's way of dealing with it.

Naohide should have woken up a long time ago, he had asked the envoy to consult the Kanto to pursue Oguri many times before, and Oguri has been avoiding talking about it, isn't this matter obvious - the shogunate is not at ease!

But Naohide has always fantasized that if this matter of "exchanging Fuso gold for overseas silver" is leaked, the shogunate will immediately lose people's hearts, so it must be said that at least the subsidy for each domain is to be done - Hakodate is the imperial territory directly under the shogunate, so there is no need to subsidize?

But I never expected that the Wanyan coinage shogunate put the responsibility on the foreign merchants in one step, and at the same time it is said to have increased the loan amount to the various feudal clans, which not only pit the ordinary people, not only earned the huge benefits of coinage, but also sold well in all directions, it is really a knife to cut tofu on both sides!

Although Wan Yan's small judgment was issued in the fifth month of the Heli calendar, and the eldest old Jing Yi was assassinated three months ago, he can get out of it - such a major event as coinage takes a long time to plan, so it is obviously premeditated.

This restricts the exchange of gold and silver for Westerners, and there is certainly a certain reprisal, and there is no reason why the feudal clans that will have the convenience of shipping will privately collude with outsiders to make profits, and the disadvantages of delaying the issuance of new coins for a year after the trade have been seen, and no one has anything to say!

Da Lao Jingyi, you are really good at this abacus.

It was the faint sense that Ii would make a crooked move, and Naohide stayed out of the Sakurada Gate matter, neither reminding him through Oguri, nor offering any short iron guns, new carriages, and the like.

Of course, because of Naohide's inconvenience, whether the Sakurada Gate change can happen is still two different things, but Naohide's attitude undoubtedly represents a disapproval of I's governance.

Picking up what he knew and what he could say, Monk Xiunian had a good discussion with Shigetaro Eki, and then he began to knock on the side and ask about the future plans of the Fukuyama Domain.

can be thought of, Jiang Mu, who is keen on political affairs, spread his hands together, "This family is just a stream of water, and it is a blessing to be able to stabilize the party." ”

Xiu Nian couldn't say anything, so she could only think secretly, "Under the nest, Ann has finished eggs?" There are times when you can't sit still. ”

But at that time, the monk Ke didn't expect that the people in the storm at the end of the curtain were treacherous, and when Jiang Mu came out of the mountain again with the main hall Abe, would the two sides be friends or enemies? The tide is raging, and who can fully predict the future.