The equalization system enabled the peasants who had lost their land to return to the land, and the exiled and tenants who were attached to the name of Haoqiang also got rid of the shackles and became the best households, thus increasing the working population controlled by the state and the objects of taxation, and increasing the peasants' enthusiasm for production.

This measure was not only beneficial to the Northern Wei Dynasty, but also laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Sui and Tang dynasties.

Finally, let's talk about the "three-long system".

In the tenth year of Taihe (486), Empress Dowager Feng presided over the reform of the local grassroots organization, the suzerain's supervision and protection system, and implemented the "three-long system".

The "three-long system" refers to the rebuilding of local grassroots institutions in the Northern Wei Dynasty in accordance with the form of the Han Shiwulijia organization. It is stipulated that the five families are one neighbor, the five neighbors are one li, and the five li are one party, and the neighbors, li, and party each have a chief, which is collectively called the three chiefs, and the local people who can do things and abide by the law and have virtue are responsible for checking the household registration, urging the levy and enlistment, managing production, and maintaining public order. If you are a third elder, you can be exempted from official service for one or two people.

It not only facilitates the inventory of the household registration attached to the shadow, but also determines the unified standard for the collection of taxes, so as to prevent those who try to evade the service from taking advantage of the loopholes, thereby weakening the local economic strength, enhancing the national strength, and enhancing the authority of the central government.

These reform measures played a role in promoting the transition of the Northern Wei Dynasty from the backward production mode of the Xianbei people to the advanced feudal production mode of the Han nationality, that is, feudalization.

In addition to these, in order to make the Xianbei people gradually adapt to the lifestyle and etiquette system of the Han people, the Empress Dowager Feng greatly promoted education, respected Confucianism, and forbade the study of divination and prophecy, thus beginning the Sinicization process of the Xianbei people.

No one is perfect, an individual has advantages and disadvantages, in terms of governance, the Empress Dowager Feng does have her strong side, but in terms of appointment, etc., the shortcomings of the Empress Dowager Feng have been leaked.

After all, Empress Dowager Feng did not claim the title of emperor, but only appeared on the historical stage as an auxiliary political role, perhaps because of this, the eunuchs who had the most contact with Empress Dowager Feng were still the eunuchs in the harem, so she favored more eunuchs.

The eunuchs who were favored by Empress Dowager Feng and Zhao Hei, Wang Rong, Li Feng, Zhang You, Wang Yu, Qi Daodao, etc., are simply countless in "The Biography of Eunuchs".

Not only was he knighted, but he was also given immeasurable money, land, slaves, etc., and even a person who was promoted to heaven by a chicken dog, and his relatives were taken care of by the Empress Dowager Feng, and he was promoted to become rich.

To what extent these people were favored by Empress Dowager Feng, Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong saw them, and they all had to greet them with a smile and attach themselves to them. I don't know if Tuoba Hong feels aggrieved in his heart, anyway, when he thinks about it, he feels quite aggrieved.

These favored eunuchs are not very talented, Empress Dowager Feng spends a lot of money and raises a bunch of mediocre people, except for eating, drinking, having fun, and slapping horses, there is no other ability, but it's okay, at least there is no chaos in the government, maybe Empress Dowager Feng is favored and favored, and she still has her own bottom line.

Empress Dowager Feng also knew that she had such and such mistakes, so she was afraid that others would talk about her, and if she was a little suspicious, she would be killed. For example, Li Li, Li Hui and others are suspected of destroying more than 10 families, and hundreds of people died.

Empress Dowager Feng died of illness in Pingcheng in September of the 14th year of Taihe (October 17, 490) and was buried in Yonggu Mausoleum, tired of "Empress Dowager of Civilization", forty-nine years old.

In addition, once again, it is emphasized that the ancestor Xianwen Emperor Tuoba Hong is not the biological son of the Empress Dowager Feng, and the Northern Wei Dynasty has a system of "the death of the son and the noble mother", and when Tuoba Hong was established as the crown prince, his biological mother Li Guiren was given to die. Those who write posts on the Internet, can they not be open-mouthed, and can they take some responsibility for the words they write!

The second step of filling the pit: talk about Emperor Gaozu Xiaowen Tuoba Hong (Yuan Hong)

First of all, Xiao Daocheng, the general of Liu Song, forced Emperor Shun of Song to take the throne of Liu Zhun Chan, claiming that the emperor ascended the throne, and Liu Song perished. Because there is a folk proverb: "The golden knife and the sharp blade Qi cut it", which means that "Qi" will replace the "Song", so the country name is Qi, and the capital is Jiankang, which is the second regime of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, known as the Southern Qi in history.

By the time Tuoba Hong was in power, the founding emperor of the Southern Qi Dynasty, Emperor Taizu Gao, Xiao Daocheng, had already died, as for which emperor was in power, cough cough, the bear dug a pit again, let's talk about it later.

After the death of Empress Dowager Feng, Tuoba Hong took charge of the government in that year (490) and continued the reform of Empress Dowager Feng.

Tuoba Hong had already planned to move the capital from Pingcheng to Luoyang, but he knew that the northerners were not very happy to move south, so he fooled everyone in the eighteenth year of Taihe (494):

"We're going south and kicking the ass of Qi Kingdom!"

Since it was a southern expedition, the crowd couldn't say anything, so Tuoba Hong not only brought soldiers, but also civil officials.

In August, everyone went south, because to go south, Luoyang is a place that must be passed, and in September, everyone finally arrived in Luoyang.

Why "finally"? Because, since they set out from Pingcheng, it has been raining continuously, and even the carriage has already been drenched in such a rainy day.

So, everyone's month's journey was spent in rain and mud, and the soldiers were fine, but the civil officials couldn't stand it, and finally arrived in Luoyang, naturally they were excited.

Tuoba Hong is also not stingy, beautiful women and delicacies, good accommodation, fun and good life are waiting.

After a few days like this, Tuoba Hong waved his hand:

"Let's go, let's continue to kick Qi Guo's ass!"

After spending many days in such a gentle township, and seeing the prosperity of the Central Plains, as well as the greenery of different generations, I was a little nostalgic and reluctant to move forward.

Tuoba Hong was very "angry" and said:

"How can we achieve nothing if we are mobilizing people! How can this warn future generations?! If you don't want to go south, then move your capital here! ”

So, the matter of moving the capital was decided. After the capital was moved, Sizhou was changed to Hengzhou in the old capital Pingcheng (now Datong City, Shanxi Province).

In the nineteenth year of Taihe (495), there was an edict stipulating the funeral rules after the relocation of the capital:

Those who moved to Luoyang, since then, have been buried in Biling (north of Yanshi City, Henan Province), and are not allowed to be buried in Hengzhou and Daizhou, that is to say, those who move to Luoyang can only be buried in Henan, and cannot return to Daidi for burial.

If the husband is buried in the north first, the woman dies in the south, it is advisable to return to the place for burial, and it is okay to move the father to the mother or the mother to the father, but the wife must be buried in the north from the husband, and the woman is buried in the south today, and the woman is buried in the south from the husband, and the woman should return to the place for burial. It is also permissible to be buried elsewhere.

There are also regulations for officials:

The household belongs to Hengzhou and Yanzhou (Xiaowen Emperor Taihe eleventh year (487) divided into the east of Hengzhou and the north of Youzhou in Yanzhou. Yanzhou is in Xinlizhuang, Dongsha Shahe Town, Changping District, Beijing), but he is in Jingluo, so he respects the choice of the parties to stay.

This funeral regulation is only for Hengzhou, Daizhou and Luoyang, and other prefectures, which are arbitrary and not subject to this regulation.

Although Tuoba Hong was resolute, there was no strong demand on the matter of migration, and some of the old nobles of the Daidu did not all migrate, and the migrants were also allowed to return.

This was also forced by the situation at that time, after all, the majority of people opposed the relocation of the capital, and Tuoba Hong made a plan to move the capital, but for people, they could not be forcefully demanded, otherwise it would cause a lot of instability.

It's just that these old nobles left behind have become the main force of turmoil in the future, cough cough, the bear is going to dig a pit here again, and I'll talk about it later. I'll go! This pit is one on the left and one on the right, and there is no hurry to fill it! Oops, the bear is shy......

Uh-huh, shy things, put it aside for now, and get down to business.

After moving the capital to Luoyang, the Xianbei old customs were comprehensively reformed.

It is stipulated that Hanfu replaces Xianbei clothing and Chinese language instead of Xianbei language, and the Xianbei people in Qianluo take Luoyang as their hometown, change their Xianbei surname to Han surname, and change their surname to "Yuan". and encouraged the Xianbei aristocracy to marry with the Han people, pay with reference to the Southern Dynasty regulations, and reform the political system of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

As for why he changed his surname to "Yuan", I didn't find a reason, Tuoba Hong can't always be a whim, among the many Chinese characters, just refer to it.

Attention, attention! In the blackboard, after Tuoba Hong of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital, the Tuoba clan was replaced by the Yuan clan.

A series of actions by Empress Dowager Feng and Tuoba Hong promoted the vigorous development of the economy, culture, society, politics, and military of the Northern Wei Dynasty, alleviated ethnic estrangement, and played a positive role in the integration and development of the people of various nationalities in the north.

Because it was an innovation carried out during the year of the era name "Taihe", it was known as the "Taihe reform" in history.

However, it takes time to verify these measures, and most of the reforms are not immediate, and they all have to be proved by time, if everyone can have foresight, can foresee the benefits of the reform, can actively improve the system, and can implement it well, then the "Wu Qi reform" will not die young, Shang Ying will not end in tragedy, and the "Wang Anshi reform" will not be repeated, and finally become a tool for partisan disputes.

Similarly, although the "Taihe reform" does have long-term benefits now, at that time, it touched the interests of some people, and some people were unwilling to change and felt that it was good in their comfort zone, so there were also many rebellions caused by opposition to the reform.

Among these rebellions, the first thing to mention was the abolition of the crown prince Tuoba Sui (Yuan Sui).

Empress Dowager Feng's elder brother Feng Xi died in March of the 19th year of Taihe (495), and the previous talk of Yihun's rebellion heard of Empress Dowager Feng's Tuoba Pi, and asked Yuan Hong to go to the capital to mourn.

However, Daidu Pingcheng is a place where the old people gather, and those who remain in Daidu are all people who oppose the relocation of the capital.

also found a high-sounding reason:

"From ancient times to the present, how can the Son of Heaven go to the funeral of his uncle? The world is the most important, the monarch and the minister are upside down, you are causing me to lose my virtue! ”