None of the four feudal lords of the four strong feudal clans at the end of the Edo period succeeded smoothly, and I don't know if it was a coincidence or a tragedy of the times.

Satsuma's twenty-eighth-generation head Shimazu Qibin has a close relationship with his grandfather Shigehiro Shimazu and has similar interests, while his father Shimazu Qixing is overwhelmed by his father's extravagance and doesn't want to do it all the time, so he is very dissatisfied with Qi Bin and thinks about abolishing Qi Bin's inheritance every day.

The head of the family in Changzhou, Maori respects the family, and the father Maori Qi Yuan is also extravagant, and the mess of the family business was inherited by the father's adopted son Qi Guang, but he didn't expect Qi Guang to die when he inherited the head of the family, and the unprepared relatives became the main service (protagonist) from the soy sauce player.

Toyonobu Yamauchi, the head of the Tosa Domain, was similar to Mori Keikin, and his blood brother Toyoshi Yamauchi, who had succeeded the feudal lord Toyoshi as his adopted son, died of a sudden illness shortly after taking over as the lord of the domain, and the head of the Tosa Yamauchi family was succeeded by Toyotoki's son Toyotoki, but Toyotsu also died soon after. Originally, Rongtang lived a happy life of "nothing that can't be solved with a bottle of wine.,If you can't do it, just have another bottle".,If you're in trouble, please find your superior.,And then suddenly found yourself to be the biggest superior of the Tosa Domain.,At the beginning, it seemed to be the main service of Shuangwen.,After all kinds of storms at the end of the scene.,Finally, I found out that I was the main plot of abuse.。

The last is Saga's head of the family, Naomasa Naoshima.,Originally a cute little Shota.,It's the seventeenth son of the father Nabeshima Sainao.,But because the first two brothers died of illness.,I became the eldest son.,Mom is the main room and the mother's family is still strong.,So it's no problem to succeed in the future.。 As a result, his cousin Nabeshima Shigeyoshi launched the Bunjiu Seven Year Change (1824) and forced his father to make himself the son (successor), when Naomasa was nine years old and looked confused, it is estimated that the thought at that time was "Who am I?" Where am I? You're not kidding me, are you? ”。

In the 4th to 10th years of Tenpo (1833-1839), the "Tenpo Murder" occurred, and the Great Famine in All Fuso, which resulted from successive years of poor harvests, caused hardship to the townspeople and farmers in various regions, and at the same time caused many feudal clans to fall into the crisis of financial bankruptcy. But the Saga Domain was different, because the Saga Domain was already financially bankrupt before the Tenpo murder, which was the cause of the Bunhisa Seven Year Change.

In the second year of culture (1805), Nabeshima Sainao was appointed as the ninth head of the Saga Nabeshima family, before which the Saga Domain was already in financial distress and the people were living in poverty, but after Sainao took office, the Saga Domain was like a poor ghost, and the finances completely collapsed and the feudal government was completely decayed.

The Saga Nabeshima family was a prince in the northwestern part of Fuso Kyushu Island, and in the 12th year of Keicho (1607), he was appointed by the shogunate to inherit the domain of the Ryuzoji family in the 12th year of Keicho (1607).

The territory of the Saga Domain encompassed the entire Reiji Kingdom, so the official title was Hizen Nabeshima Family. And because the place is Saga Castle, it can also be called Saga Nabeshima House.

The fertile Saga Plains are not "fertile".

Located in the northwestern coastal region of Kyushu Island, the Saga Domain has a variety of terrain, ranging from the alluvial plains of Saga Plains (plains) that are easy to cultivate, to the relatively steep mountain ridges of Mt. Furiki. There are four rivers in the territory: Chikugo River, Kase River, Matsuura River, and Rokkaku River, as well as numerous small rivers. The Saga Domain had an advantage in irrigation compared to other feudal domains, but the land in Saga was more susceptible to natural disasters than other feudal domains. Floods and typhoons plagued farming in the Saga Domain, such as the "Great Wind of the Konen" in the 11th year of Bunsei (1828), which led to the death of tens of thousands of people from various causes, and the Kabo, one of the four great evils of the Edo period, in which about 80,000 people starved to death in the Saga Domain. The larger natural disasters include the storm (typhoon) in the 13th year of Baoli, the flood in the second year of Ming He, the storm in the second year of Ming He, the flood in the 8th year of Ming He, and the storm in the first year of Ernst & Young.

Although the Saga Domain had a high value of nearly 360,000 yuan, the feudal domain was in financial difficulties due to frequent natural disasters. The Saga Domain had long been responsible for the security of Nagasaki Port, which made the finances of the Saga Domain even worse.

The ninth head of the Nabeshima family, who took office in the second year of Bunka (1805), took on a position for which he was not qualified. Qi Zhi was a man of culture, good at ballads, ape music, tea ceremonies, and many other literary and artistic activities, but as a lord, he lacked sufficient knowledge of the management of the territory.

Even more unfortunate is that he lives too luxuriously. It is said that Sai Nao once held a fireworks display at the Edo Ryogoku Bridge, and he was very happy to see many onlookers, and he purchased a large number of people, and even set off for a whole night. Have you ever seen a fireworks display all night?

He was wasteful, and the silk clothes that he wore once did not wear a second time.

He also once competed in extravagant competitions with the shogun Tokugawa Ieki and the lord of the Satsuma domain, Shimazu Shigehiro, who were famous losers in the late Edo period.

With such a head of the family, there is no way that the finances of the Saga Domain will show any signs of improvement.

And just when the Saga Domain's finances were in deep trouble, something even more unfortunate happened. In August 1808, the battleship Phaeton broke into the port of Nagasaki and demanded to take over the Rankoku Merchant House in Dejima, which was the "Phaetong Incident".

Nagasaki government to the "Nagasaki Imperial Bandan" Saga Domain asked for military support, but the Saga Domain soldiers have not appeared, allowing the English to loot vegetables, forcibly buy fish, and rob supplies and property in Nagasaki Port, until the departure of the Faedo, the Saga Domain soldiers did not appear in Nagasaki Port, it turned out that because the Ran Kingdom merchant ships have come to sail season, most of the Saga Domain soldiers have returned to Saga, and the perennial stability has made the Saga Domain relax its vigilance, and the efficiency of urgently summoning the feudal soldiers is very poor.

On the night of Fae's departure, Nagasaki priest Yasuei Matsudaira committed suicide to apologize, but before his death, he complained and protested against the Saga clan in a suicide note he left behind. When the news reached Edo, the shogun was furious, and it was the greatest shame since the opening of the Tokugawa family that foreign warships could enter the port of Fuso and then leave easily. The Saga Domain, who was directly responsible, was severely reprimanded, and Saga committed suicide twice and the main feudal officials left their posts and went into seclusion.

In addition to this, the Saga clan had to promise improvements and promise that it would not happen again. As a result of the promise of the Saga Domain, the security costs of Nagasaki skyrocketed, and the already struggling feudal domain's finances were overwhelmed and effectively bankrupt.

Faced with such a bad situation, three years later, the head of the Nabeshima family, Sainao, was forced to carry out reforms. As an incompetent head of the family, if you don't act, the feudal government can still survive, but from the beginning, as a feudal government, it will not work at all.

The reforms initiated by Qi Zhi are all about plundering and extraction.

For example, Qi Zhi ordered the issuance of a feudal domain called "rice basket", and also set up a gold donation service office in the domain, forcing the people to donate gold and rice. According to the regulations, rice can be exchanged for rice according to the denomination, but due to the collapse of the feudal finances, it is impossible to exchange and recycle, so rice is waste paper.

And Qi Zhi resolutely continued to squander and continue to distribute rice baskets indiscriminately. By the fifth year of Bunsei (1822), the circulation of rice was 450,000 taels of gold, so the prices in the domain were boiling, and the lives of the samurai and the people were miserable.

On the one hand, he increased the number of new miscellaneous taxes and the apportionment of the expenses of the feudal lords, which were provided by the feudal treasury, and on the other hand, he took action against the samurai class, and even brazenly abolished the "Kashima Domain" to increase direct revenue, and also made new financial contributions to the other feudal clans.

Qi Zhi's crazy behavior did not make the finances improve at all.

The last straw finally came, and in the 6th year of Bunkyu (1823), Qi Naomasa ordered the feudal clan to donate 3,000 taels of gold and rice to pay for the marriage of the next head of the family, Naomasa Nabeshima. After the news came, public opinion in the domain was completely boiling, and the rice basket of 450,000 taels of gold was endured, and no one expected that only 3,000 taels would reach the limit of the people's tolerance.

Qi Zhi finally accomplished something that none of the previous heads of the family had done: "From the common people and merchants to the samurai and the lord of the clan, everyone was determined to unite against the lord of the family."

The Bunkyu Rebellion (1824) finally took place, when opponents led by Nabeshima Shigeyoshi arrested Gonomitsu Arita and Natofu Juemon, the presiding officers of the feudal reform appointed by Sainao. After negotiations, Qi Nao was forced to agree to appoint the lord of Takeo Nabeshima Shigeyoshi as an important official of the feudal government, and applied to the shogunate to establish Naomasa Nabeshima as the prince. After Nabeshima Shigeyoshi came to power, the famous scholar Koga Hinodo was appointed as an advisor, and the two began to work together to reform the feudal government.

Before Naomasa Naomasa Nabeshima took office as head of the family in the first year of Tenpo (1830), the reform achievements of Nabeshima Shigeyoshi and Koga Hodo were to limit the willfulness of the head of the family, and to consolidate the consensus of the majority of feudal lords on reform.

Finally, Sainao lived in seclusion under pressure, and passed the position of head of the family to the fifteen-year-old Nabeshima Naomasa, and when he became the head of the family, Naomasa received favoritism from the shogun Tokugawa Ieqi and changed his name to Qizheng, and from then on, the Saga Domain finally came to work, and began to move step by step towards the end of the Edo Dynasty.

In the first year of Tenpo Yayoi (March 1830), the new head of the family, Nabeshima Saimasa, returned from Edo. As a matter of custom, Saimasaki traveled to Nagasaki to greet the new Nagasaki and inspect the security of the Saga Domain in Nagasaki Port. Qi Zheng found that the cannon on the fort was rusty and unusable, and at this time, twenty-two years had passed since the Faerita incident.

Because of the confession, Qi Zheng has been staying in Edo. At this time, there was no fundamental change in the awakening of the Saga feudal government, and if there was another Fa-Erita incident, the Nabeshima family would definitely be expelled from the country, and then it would be their turn to apologize, thus strengthening their determination to reform. After returning to Saga Castle from Nagasaki, Naomasa frequently went on patrols under the name of Takashi, and gradually learned about the actual situation of the feudal government and the immediate difficulties of the lords.

In May, at the celebration of the inauguration of the head of the family, Saimasa appointed Nabeshima Shigeyoshi as the head of the domain's personnel and Koga Hodo as the advisor to the Imperial New Year's Minister, reorganizing the personnel system within the domain, and thus starting the tenpo reform of the Saga Domain.