Chapter 38: The Decline of the Western Zhou Dynasty

The data shows that the eighth generation of the Son of Heaven of the Western Zhou Dynasty is the king of Zhou Xiao Ji Pifang, the seventh monarch of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Yi Wang Ji Yan died, and the crown prince Ji Xie of Zhou Yi failed to succeed to the throne, but was succeeded by his uncle Ji Pifang, who was the king of Zhou Xiao.

In order to maintain long-term stability and avoid internal struggles within the ruling group, the Zhou Dynasty formulated the primogeniture system. Throughout the Western Zhou Dynasty, the rulers of the Zhou Dynasty determined the heirs in strict accordance with the primogeniture inheritance system, which effectively avoided fratricidal fighting within the royal family because of the struggle for the throne and ensured the stability of the early Zhou Dynasty. However, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, where the patriarchal system was strict, there was a monarch who did not abide by the primogeniture inheritance system and ascended to the throne - King Xiao of Zhou, which is an abnormal phenomenon.

The ninth generation of the Son of Heaven of the Western Zhou Dynasty is Ji Xie, the king of Zhouyi, the grandson of Ji Huhu, the king of the Zhou Dynasty, and the son of Ji Yan, the king of Zhou Yi. After King Yi of Zhou succeeded to the throne, he established Ji Xie as the crown prince. In the eighth year of King Zhou Yi, Ji Xie's father, King Zhou Yi, died, and King Zhou Yi's uncle and grandfather Ji Pifang succeeded to the throne as King Xiao of Zhou.

In the sixth year of King Xiao of Zhou, King Xiao of Zhou died, and the princes and ministers jointly supported the crown prince Ji Xie to succeed him, who was the king of Zhou Yi.

In the second year of King Zhou Yi, Shu and Lu sent envoys to pay tribute to the Zhou Dynasty and offer Qiongyu to King Zhou Yi, who received him with guest gifts on the side of the Yellow River.

In the third year of King Zhou Yi, the monarch of Ji State, Ji Yang Marquis, slandered King Zhou Yi and framed the monarch of Qi State, Qi Aigong, so King Zhou Yi cooked and killed Qi Aigong, and changed the brother of Qi Aigong Lu Jing as the king, which was for Qi Hu Gong.

In the seventh year of King Zhou Yi, King Zhou Yi sent the king of Zhou to lead the division of six armies to attack Taiyuan Zhirong, which disobeyed the king's orders and often came to invade, until he reached Yuquan and obtained a thousand horses.

At that time, the Zhou royal family was in a declining stage, and some vassal states with different surnames, taking advantage of the decline of the country, did not come to the court to pay tribute, and even attacked the Zhou royal family, raised troops and rebelled, and the attitude was very arrogant, Xiong Qu, the monarch of Chu, was one of the representatives. Xiong Qu transgressed the system, imitated Zhou Tianzi, and made his three sons kings.

In the eighth year of King Zhou Yi, King Zhou Yi fell ill, making him unable to govern state affairs. The princes with the same surname were very worried and prayed for the blessing of the gods, but they still could not save the life of King Zhou Yi, who eventually died of illness and was called King Yi. After the death of King Zhou Yi, he was succeeded by his son Ji Hu, who was King Zhou Li.

The tenth generation of the Son of Heaven of the Western Zhou Dynasty was King Ji Hu of Zhou Li, and after King Zhou Li succeeded to the throne, he was greedy for financial gain and was close to the Duke of Rongyi. The doctor Rui Liangfu advised King Zhou Li and said: "I am afraid that the royal family is about to decline! That Rong Yigong likes to monopolize financial gains, but he doesn't know that a catastrophe is coming. Wealth and wealth are produced from all kinds of things, which are naturally possessed by heaven and earth, and if someone wants to monopolize it, then there will be many disasters. Everything that is created between heaven and earth can be shared by all, so how can one person have it? The monopoly of one person will inevitably lead to the wrath of heaven and the resentment of the people, but they do not know how to guard against great disasters. Rong Yi uses wealth to seduce you, king, can you still live in peace for a long time? As a king, he should develop all kinds of wealth and distribute it to the upper and lower groups of ministers and people. So that the gods, the people, and all things may get their due, and even then, they must be vigilant every day, lest they invite resentment. Therefore, the "Ode" says: 'My ancestor Jiwen De is the world, and the merit is worthy of the gods, and you have made the people stand on their own feet, and there is no one who does not take you as the standard.' The psalm in the Daya also says: "Universally bless the people and accomplish the Zhou dynasty." Doesn't this mean the general distribution of goods and the need to be vigilant against calamity? It is precisely because of this that the first king was able to establish the cause of the Zhou Dynasty until now. And now, the king, you have learned to monopolize wealth, how can this be? The common man had exclusive wealth and was called a thief, and if a king did this, there would be fewer people who would be attached to him. If Rong Yigong is reused, the Zhou Dynasty will definitely decline. King Zhou Li didn't listen to the advice, and still appointed Rong Yigong as a secretary to take charge of state affairs.

King Zhou Li was tyrannical, extravagant and tyrannical, and the people openly talked about his mistakes. Zhao Gong advised: "The people cannot endure the tyrannical decree! King Zhou Li was furious, found a sorcerer who defended the country, and asked him to monitor those who were talking, and whoever the sorcerer sued for discussion, King Zhou Li would kill whomever he was. As a result, the number of people talking gradually decreased, but at the same time, the princes did not come to worship.

In the thirty-fourth year of King Zhou Li, King Zhou Li was even more strict at that time, and no one in the people dared to speak anymore, and they could only exchange glances when they met on the road. King Zhou Li was very happy to see this, and told Zhaogong: "I can eliminate the people's discussion of me, and the people will no longer dare to complain." Zhao Gong said, "It's just blocking their words." Plugging the mouths of the people is more harmful than blocking the rivers. If there is too much water accumulation, once the river bursts, many people will be harmed; The same is true of not letting the people speak. Therefore, those who control the water should dredge the rivers so that the flow of water may flow; Let those who govern the people be open to speech, so that the people dare to speak. Therefore, when the Son of Heaven governs the country, he should make sure that all the ministers and the lower ranks can present poems that satirize the gains and losses of the court and government, the musicians present the music that reflects the people's feelings, the historians present the historical books on the pros and cons of the gains and losses of the previous generations, and the Taishi can present exhortatory words, which are then recited and read by the blind musicians. Hundreds of officials can directly give advice, commoners can convey their opinions to the Son of Heaven, the left and right ministers must fulfill the responsibility of admonishment, relatives and relatives should investigate and make up for the mistakes of the Son of Heaven, and musicians and Taishi should be responsible for teaching and educating the Son of Heaven. The old ministers gathered and sorted out the opinions of various parties, and then the king considered the trade-offs. In this way, the implementation of political affairs will be very smooth and will not go against common sense. The people have mouths, just as the land has mountains and rivers, and the wealth of mankind is generated from here. The people have mouths, just as the land has fertile fields, and the people's clothes and food are produced from here. When the people speak out of their mouths, and the good things are carried out, and the evil things are stopped, this is the one that produces wealth and food. The people will say whatever they think in their hearts, and they will do what they think in their hearts. If you plug their mouths, how many will agree with you and follow you? King Zhou Li did not listen to dissuasion. From then on, the people did not dare to speak.

In the thirty-seventh year of King Zhou Li, the people rebelled and attacked King Zhou Li, and King Zhou Li fled to the land.

At that time, Ji Jing, the crown prince of King Zhou Li, was hiding in Zhaogong's house, and when the people knew about it, they surrounded Zhaogong's house, and Zhaogong said: "Before, I advised the king many times, but the king did not listen, so this disaster was caused. If I kill the crown prince now, won't the king think that I will take him as an enemy and vent his resentment? He who serves the monarch, even when he is in danger, cannot hate and resent, and even if he blames, he cannot be angry, let alone serve the Son of Heaven. So he replaced Ji Jing with his own son, and Ji Jing was finally saved from being killed. Zhao Gong and Zhou Gong jointly managed the government, known as the "republic", and the history was called the republican administration.