Section 222: Land and Peasants

It is foreseeable that once primary school education is fully rolled out, the existing number of readers will simply not be enough for primary schools across the country, let alone high-end talents who can teach mathematics and physics.

For Zhang Tao, although the expanded government system is short of people, it has not reached the point where it cannot be operated, but the speed of reform has been affected, so he wishes that those who are in the examination will become teachers first. And Jiang Tian's desire for professional talents is very urgent, if it weren't for the fact that the people from Guozijian and the Naval Research Institute are of great use, otherwise he would have gone to these two places to drag people a long time ago.

However, the arrival of the crown prince gave him a chance to pull the banner and make a tiger skin, and his idea was to let Zhang Huan play a double reed with himself, making a new dynasty and a new atmosphere of courtesy and virtuous corporal and equality of the four people.

"This ......" After listening to this plan, Wu Yuan hesitated: "Isn't this the standing wood bounty of this dynasty?" ”

"That's right!" Jiang Tian did not shy away from his intentions, "It's just that whether this plan can succeed depends on Huan'er's acting skills and whether he really approves of this plan." ”

After that, Jiang Tian looked at Zhang Huan, because he had to consider secrecy, so Tian Xuhai didn't know that Jiang Tian and his classmates were having a small meeting behind his back, if he knew Jiang Tian's plan, it was really possible for the conservative civilian forces to get in the way.

Zhang Huan did not hesitate too much, and immediately agreed to Jiang Tian's arrangement. Although he rarely lived with Zhang Tao since he was a child, Emperor Zhang instilled in him the spirit of equality in later generations, so others worried about whether he could implement the plan from the bottom of his heart, but it was the least to consider. And he was very excited about Jiang Tian's plan, from the perspective of an adolescent boy, staying in the deep palace all the time and not being able to go out was the most painful.

As for how this Mr. Jiang uses his identity, he doesn't care much about it, in his eyes anyway, since he met Jiang Tian, his whole life has become very different, and he is looking forward to whether it can become more interesting.

For Jiang Tian, he is not afraid of the old, as long as it works, when he tells the plan and the plan of this temporary idea, and asks everyone to help him refer to it together, he has no idea what it can develop. On the contrary, it is the unplanned people who are keenly aware of the key to the matter.

Meng Daya, who came to serve tea for these people, accidentally heard Jiang Tian's plan, and then paid attention to the expressions of other people, and sure enough, she saw the picture she expected. It is said that she should avoid discussing this kind of thing, but when she saw Wu Yuan and Song Yi who wanted to stop talking, and Jiang Tian who was on the rise, she could only sigh in her heart.

Wu Yuan saw that Meng Daya did not leave, and wanted to take the opportunity to change the topic, so as to remind the master and apprentice who were a little carried away. But when he found that the unattractive woman in front of him was listening carefully, he instinctively became alert.

Meng Daya, who listened for a while, finally waited for the thirst that the two people said, and interjected when she picked up the tea bowl and drank water: "I have said goodbye to Beijing, but I haven't seen His Royal Highness the Prince for a long time, and no one believes it when I say it. ”

Don't look at Meng Daya who said such a few words of compliment, and then retired and left, but after listening to her words, several people present couldn't laugh, of course Jiang Tian knew that this smart cousin was reminding himself. But Wu Yuan and the others were already impressed by this future master.

After a long while, Jiang Tian came back to his senses and looked at his students, and he had to admit that his plan was too idealistic, completely ignoring the reality of this era, so that the elements of showmanship were too obvious.

"It seems that my plan needs to be adjusted a little more......" Jiang Tian thought for a while and said: "Anyway, there is still time, you guys should go as originally planned, and then I will think about what to do." ”

In the following time, His Royal Highness the Crown Prince still visited the Imperial Village in Tianjin according to the original arrangement, as the future emperor, it was also appropriate to go around his private fields, and in order to instill in the prince the importance of cultivating and reading heirlooms, Tian Xuhai must accompany him.

Although Tian himself knows that the traditional mode of cultivation and reading has reached its limit, and because Jiang Tian initially talked about political economy, he knows very well that the reason for the existence of the traditional governance model is the limitation of productivity, and once there is a higher level of productivity, the existing production relations will naturally come to an end.

What Jiang Tian and Zhang Tao have been doing is to develop new production technologies, get rid of the shackles of existing production relations, and eventually establish a new system. It sounds a bit tongue-in-cheek, but to put it bluntly, it is to smash the old society of all evils and build a beautiful new society......

As one of the few people who have listened to political lessons, Tian Xuhai knows that this trend is inevitable and irreversible, you can only follow the wheel of history and roll forward, otherwise you will be eliminated by the times, but it is useless for him to see it clearly, in the circle he grew up in, in the class he is in, no one wants to listen to his explanation.

So he decided to go down according to his own ideas and draw a line with his feudal family? It's impossible, at least now he can still get a lot of help from this family, and as one of the few young people who "know" about new learning, he is also very important.

So Tian Xuhai was sandwiched between the new school reformers and the traditional conservatives, and he was a centrist who thought he was smart, but he didn't know that this was equivalent to being unable to gain absolute trust on both sides. If it weren't for the prince's companionship, he would be the only one from a good family, and I'm afraid he would have been put aside now.

Although Zhang Huan is obsessed with science, his own mind is not yet mature, and Zhang Tao and Jiang Tian deliberately prevent him from showing political leanings, which is actually a protection for him, and a necessary means to maintain superficial stability before the end of the dagger, so that conservatives have the illusion that there is still hope to influence the future emperor.

Because of his busy official duties, Jiang Tian did not go with him when he inspected Huangzhuang, which left room for the conservatives to operate. So when Zhang Huan stood on the edge of the ridge and cordially asked the working peasants if they could eat and clothe themselves, in addition to hearing the praises of the emperor's grace, he also heard the various worries of these old farmers about the future.

"Your Royal Highness...... Qiyu" An old farmer with a typical appearance saluted Zhang Huan: "If you want to say that the grass people have lived a good life in these two years, although they are still tenants, but they are different from being tenants to the royal family, not only are the previous donations gone, but even the Ding tax is not paid!" I also have some surplus food in my hands, and I heard that the local parents still want all the children to go to school, which is a good day that I didn't dare to think of before! ”

These few words are not flattery, after all, everyone sees it, and the most obvious thing is that these peasants have ruddy faces, and they are obviously able to eat enough. The steward of the Huangzhuang who followed the inspection was also full of red light, and said in his heart that this old man could really speak.

"Yes...... But ......" just when everyone thought that this was the end, they heard the old man mutter: "This child has gone to school, and there is no one to do the work at home." When the boys grow up, if there is no land to divide in the imperial village, they can only share the land rented by the old man and me, and even if there is more food at that time, it will not be enough to eat. ”

"Old ...... The old man doesn't have to worry about the sky, everything has his own court and His Majesty to decide. "The steward of Huangzhuang obviously swallowed words like old things and old immortals, and he could only speak a little more civilized in front of the prince.

But the old man's worries are not superfluous, after all, this kind of thing has been rotating for thousands of years. It is impossible for Huangzhuang to absorb the population unlimitedly, and sooner or later there will be a contradiction between more people and less land, especially here is Tianjin, a large part of the land of Huangzhuang is the military field in the guard, and what the military system of the Ming Dynasty finally became, everyone knows it in their hearts.

Zhang Huan received the double advice of his father and teacher, and he must not explain the policy at will, so as not to be unfavorable to himself. So he could only say some panacea answers.

"This old man is relaxed, the court will definitely not ignore this, and after the palace returns to Beijing, he will definitely report to his father and make a foolproof plan."

Seeing that the prince was kind to him, the old man's courage was also a little bigger, in addition to praising the prince's benevolence and virtue again and again, he followed up with the most critical sentence: "Today's court is not as mediocre as the former Ming Dynasty, and it will be able to point out a clear way for us and other small people. ”

This seemingly beautiful vision suddenly alerted Wu Yuan, who accompanied him, whether the tenants of the Huangzhuang were the private slaves of the royal family or the free body, there has been no clear statement, and it is obvious that someone wants to make a fuss about this.

Hearing the old man say this, the other officials and the steward of the imperial village hurriedly praised them, as if they were afraid that the old man would say the wrong thing again, so they hurriedly sent away.

During the whole process, Tian Xuhai didn't speak, just secretly observed everyone, Zhang Huan didn't seem to find the problem here, but when he looked at Wu Yuan again, this guy really had a keen sense of smell, and frowned slightly, and the two of them, who were also seven tricks, glanced at each other like this, and then shifted their gaze in unison.

So during the entire inspection period, Tian Xuhai did not make any comments, until the inspection was over, and after returning to Jiang Tian's yamen, and the accompanying officials were gone, he took the initiative to stand up and ask Zhang Huan: "Your Highness, do you know whether to talk about something or not?" ”

Because he asked questions in front of Wu Yuan, Song Yi, and Liu Baokai, he had already made enough frank and outspoken gestures, and Zhang Huan could only answer: "Brother Tian and I have a friendship with classmates, so there is no need to be so polite." ”

Tian Xuhai was not hypocritical, and directly opened his mouth and said: "What the old man in the field said today, I thought it was instigated by someone!" ”

As soon as he said this, everyone was shocked, although Wu Yuan was suspicious, but he didn't expect Tian Xuhai to directly pick it out, but then he said: "Looking down, although it is instigated by someone with a heart, you can also see the people's desire here, and I am afraid it is also the old man's heartfelt words." ”

The Chinese people's attachment to the land is the gene carved into the bones, even in the 21st century, the price of real estate is also affecting the nerves of the Chinese, and those officials from the landlords in this era will not fail to understand the ultimate wish of the peasants: one day they will become a landlord themselves!

These people have all listened to Jiang Tian explain the means of production and the relationship between production, and they know that the economic base determines the superstructure, and the peasants' desire is very simple, that is, to monopolize the most valuable means of production in this era.

Wu Yuan knew that the prince couldn't express his position at this time, so he took the initiative to ask: "Why did Brother Huaigu say this?" ”

Seeing that the fake prince asked questions for the real prince, Tian Xuhai was also happy to sing and harmonize with him and said: "Since the beginning of the establishment of the country, this dynasty has gathered the borderless land and the displaced people, so that there are Huangzhuang all over the provinces, and there are many homeless disabled soldiers and military households in the avant-garde, but the land of Huangzhuang is owned by the royal family, and the tenant farmers who are bullied should also be regarded as royal slaves, so they have not paid the Ding tax." After the land is apportioned into the mu, the ding tax is changed to the field tax, but the land tax of Huangzhuang is included in the land rent of the tenants, so is the tenant a homesteader or a domestic slave?

After a long time, it must be a prosperous people, the old man is worried that there will be more people and less land in the future, and he wants to buy land outside the Huangzhuang to leave it to his children and grandchildren, which is understandable, but their identity is undecided, this land tax should be collected by the Huangzhuang or supervised by the local tax department? And the land tax has been changed to cumulative calculation, if he has several children and grandchildren who will inevitably divide the family in the end, can the land of the Huangzhuang that he is now tenant be divided?

If another new field is purchased and incorporated into the Huangzhuang, but the land tax of the Huangzhuang is not a cumulative system, so some people will inevitably covet this tax exemption policy, and the scene of the former Ming Dynasty to serve the Shilin Hao clan will be repeated, so whether the imperial court regards the tenants of the Huangzhuang as domestic slaves is very important! ”

Liu Baokai, who also figured out the joints a little, then asked: "Do you mean to say that this is the domestic slave of the landlord of the former Ming Dynasty, and there will be people who dig out their minds to get the identity of a tenant farmer, if they don't recognize it, the benefits will be greatly reduced, and the fugitive slaves in the Huangzhuang will be more and more like the military households of the former Ming Dynasty?" ”

"Exactly!" Tian Xuhai replied affirmatively: "This is also caused by the loopholes in the new tax law. ”

Zhang Huan had actually understood it a long time ago, and he had already heard Jiang Tian say something about this, but he still couldn't help but ask: "What should I do with what Brother Tian said?" ”

Tian Xuhai shook his sleeves, knowing that the time had come to play himself: "According to the humble opinion of the grass people, the whole world is not the emperor's land, except for the land with existing land deeds, all should be under the jurisdiction of the imperial village, and no new land deeds will be issued in the future, and the newly reclaimed land can be exempted from certain taxes, but it cannot be inherited, so that except for a small number of homesteaders, the rest are tenant farmers......

"Tian Yu, this old guy, should be glad that he gave birth to such a smart son." After Jiang Tian listened to Tian Xuhai's idea, he gave such an evaluation.

Wu Yuan didn't care about this: "This seems to be the best of both worlds, but in fact, the motive is not pure, and it will inevitably cause resistance from farmers all over the world. ”

"That's not what I said." Liu Baokai listened to it for a long time and finally got his senses: "Now that we have no official status, we can laugh at everything we say, as long as it is not a big rebellious remark, no one can hold on to it, and the big deal is that it is young and thoughtless and it will pass." ”

"That's why he said he was a smart man!" Jiang Tian took a sip of the tea bowl: "Anyway, you don't have to be responsible, of course, you have to talk endlessly, if you become famous, if you don't succeed, you can still get a name, whether you succeed or not, you have a sense of existence first, why not?"

Moreover, he clearly understood that preventing the emergence of big landlords is the most important internal contradiction at the present stage, and after listening to my political lectures, everyone knows that changes in the productive forces and relations of production can make a class rise or disappear, especially when I am developing the secondary industry on a large scale, and if the big landlords do not do something, they can only sit and wait for death. ”

Zhang Huan listened and nodded: "Mr. said that the means of production of the primary industry is land, and under the current cultivation technology, the most important productive force is people, and of course the other party has to make a fuss about these two points." However, Mr. also said that science and technology are the primary productive forces, so is it possible to reconcile this contradiction? ”

"Yes!" Jiang Tian said affirmatively: "In fact, this trend has already appeared, so Tian Huaigu's proposal to annex the borderless land of the world also understands that this is the general trend. ”

With the improvement of agricultural technology, especially the use of fertilizers, the Song Dynasty gained more secondary and tertiary industry population, and later the economic prosperity of the Great Song Dynasty.

So what is Jiang Tian's way to liberate the population in this time and space? At present, it is not possible to produce any variety of chemical fertilizer, and without the support of fertilizer, we can only start on the production tools, which is also the content of the most research on agricultural technology in the Academy of Sciences of the old man Song.

According to historical records, the Ming Dynasty encouraged mining and smelting, even when the Ming Dynasty was at the lowest point in the economy, our steel output was the first in the world, but because of the vast territory and large population, these steels were far from meeting the demand, and the overall price of steel remained high.

During the Northern Expedition, in order to ensure the supply of ordnance, Zhang Tao ordered Song Yingxing to improve steelmaking technology and popularize blast furnace smelting (small blast furnace by soil method) on a large scale, so that the steel output of this era only reached the output of the whole country in the former Ming Dynasty in Jiangnan provinces. It has now doubled to nearly 300,000 tons.

With so much iron, if you don't find a good market, the entire industry will shrink in surplus, and the price of iron will also reach the lowest level in history, so Jiang Tian is thinking about how to make good use of this steel to improve the level of agriculture.

Jiang Tian's approach is to improve and popularize new iron farm tools, in fact, Zhang Tao used to do this, after all, when it comes to the level of farming, ten Jiang Tian can not catch up with one Zhang Tao, but even if the new farm tools are already very cheap, but a large number of small farmers still can't afford it, and big landlords don't have to buy farm tools themselves. So the effect is not obvious.

Jiang Tian adopted another method, after he came to Tianjin to find out about this situation, he bought a batch of new farm tools made of pure iron out of his own pocket, and then listed them for rent in Huangzhuang, and was responsible for maintenance in addition to low prices. It doesn't matter if you don't have money, you can take credit first and then calculate it in the autumn, it doesn't matter if you don't have enough manpower, you have checked so many members of the beggar gang are good laborers.

In this way, not only the arable land of a family has become larger, but the work that would have taken more than ten days to complete can be completed in a few days, and the extra time can also go to various construction sites to do a day-end short-term work.