On the 16th day of the first month of the 7th year of Jiayong (February 13, 1854 in the Western calendar), Admiral Perry of the East Tianzhu Fleet of the United States suddenly broke into Edo Bay with seven black ships, and the anchorage was near Koshibachong, southeast of Yokohama Village.

On the 27th day of the first month (February 24), the Powhatan sailed off the coast of the port of Shinagawa in Edo, causing a great riot in Edo.

On the same day, Taro Egawa Saemon arrived at the scene on a fast horse, and the next day, as Admiral Mito Perry wished, the shogunate agreed to set the place of negotiation in Yokohama Village, near the anchorage of the black ships, and no longer argued about it.

On the 28th day of the first month (February 25), Perry's deputy, Adams, led 30 men to land in Yokohama Village to conduct on-site investigations, after which Perry approved that the negotiation site should be located in Yokohama Village, and the shogunate began to urgently build a reception club.

On March 8 of the Western calendar, the twenty-fourth day of the second visit of the black ship, the negotiators of the two sides finally met officially.

On the same day, the rice people began with a seventeen-gun salute, accompanied by the military band, more than 500 sailors landed, and the head of the Hayashi University led everyone to meet at the pier, and the scene was responsible for guarding the shogunate's Daiban team of 400 people, the Uraga government and the force and the same heart 50 people, and there were more than 3,000 elite soldiers of the four families of the Hikone clan and other lords stationed on the periphery.

The two sides had previously negotiated the number of troops who would appear in Yokohama Village, and the head of Hayashi University thought that the number would be equal, and that a slightly smaller number of soldiers and horses on his side would show his open-mindedness.

Although the makeshift hall was hastily erected over a period of 10 days, it was still very delicately furnished, with calligraphy and paintings, large vases, and screens, and floors and straw mats on the floor, which fully demonstrated the strength of the shogunate and the importance it attached to the negotiations.

Walking into the clubhouse, you can see a long table with more than a dozen chairs neatly placed on both sides - this is prepared in advance with the habits of the Mi people in mind.

The two sides are seated together, and then the interpreters from both sides introduce the identities of their main members:

There were six people in attendance, led by Admiral Perry, fleet commander Adams, and secretary Oliver. Perry (Admiral Perry's son), Captain Abbott of the Macedonia, Portman, the Blue translator, Williams.

And there are many people who come forward in Fuso, mainly the head of the university, Hayashi Katsu, and there are Ido Kakuhiro of Edo Kitamachi, Mizuno Tadashi of Kanjo, Egawa Hideryu, Mime Tokiri Tokuri, Mime Fu Uden Nagarui, Confucian official Matsuzaki Mantaro, Toshinosuke Hori, and Tokujuro Tateiwa, there are as many as nine people!

In fact, there are several people hiding behind the clubhouse - the people who went to Nagasaki to negotiate with Rusya's envoy Pugarin have returned, and the shogunate sent them to Yokohama Village to help, but because there are too many people to sit away, these people did not come forward, a total of five, Kanai Masano, Kawaji Seimo, Oguri Tadashun, Arao Nashimitsu and Koga Zengichi.

"Last year, the credentials were submitted, what is your reply?" After the two sides exchanged greetings, the rice people rushed to make trouble, so it was obvious that the shogunate did not want to agree, otherwise it would be possible to even turn over and over the place of negotiation for more than ten days.

"I Fusang Maharaja is newly established, the ceremony is complicated, the government affairs are backlogged, and the grand event mentioned in your national letter, please wait for the next year to discuss it." Lin University's first mouth was ready to postpone it for another year.

It's not a bad excuse to say, but the rice people refused it before the formal negotiation - before the formal negotiations, the head of Lin University said so, but Perry expressed his condolences and said, "Thousands of miles to travel, time is not forgiving." Gou was recalled, that is, he hung the sail and went to the ear. If you still can't die, please go straight to Edo to decide. Otherwise, Bo Shinagawa will be punished", the meaning is very clear, "It's not easy for me to come here, and if there is no result, I won't go anywhere!" ”

The shogunate repeated the old tune, of course Perry was not satisfied, he said nakedly, "The United States has a territory of thousands of miles and a thousand warships, if you are not weak now, then in the future I will bring ten times the size of today's warships to negotiate again", this is almost a declaration of war, and Perry also accused Fuso of his attitude towards the drifters, "neither sympathetic to others, but also disregard for his own people, disregard morality, what is a great power", this is to say that you don't care about the shipwrecked ships and personnel of my Mi people, and you don't care about Fuso's own shipwrecked ships and drifters, Is this something that a serious person can do?

Furious

Then Perry walked away.

The seven shogunate negotiators looked at each other, and the shogunate used Zhu Zi Confucianism to govern Fusang, and this "benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom and faith" was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and many of their own people were fooled and lame, so Lin Datou felt that Perry was right, and the problem of the drifters should really be discussed.

So after he led someone to send Perry away, he gathered everyone and asked what to do now, but there was already a meaning in his words that could be discussed.

At this time, the five shoguns in the back also turned to the front, plus the seven who came forward, everyone stared at each other, we can't be the master if we don't talk about it, so let's hurry up and ask the elders of Edo to make a decision! - Although there were nine people who came forward to negotiate, after Mi Ren left, Tatsunosuke Hori and Tachiwa Tokujuro automatically and consciously ran outside the clubhouse to stay, "This time we should be content to sit on a chair, we were still sitting on the floor last time." ”

I'm afraid that the messenger won't understand, ten of these twelve important ministers have returned to Edo to play-the two who stayed behind are Egawa Taro Saemon and Matsuzaki Mantaro, when Egawa left Edo, the old middle school specially instructed him that you should stay on the scene before the negotiation is completed - this is for fear that Egawa will spread discouragement everywhere, and it is not good to leave Egawa alone, and Yokohama Village must have someone to witness it in case of anything, so the Confucian official Matsuzaki Mantaro was also left for Egawa to be his companion.

These people came back on the fourth day after they left, and said that they had agreed that we should continue the conversation.

It turned out that the shogunate had convened another grand council, and most of the princes and the shogunate had agreed to give each other relief to the drifters and to open ports of refuge and supplies—didn't it say that the seclusion of the country was the family law of the ancestors? You're turning too fast.

In fact, this conclusion is not surprising at all:

In the 13th year of Tenpo (1842 in the Western calendar), the shogunate abolished the "Decree on the Fight of Foreign Ships" and replaced it with the "Fuel and Fresh Water Supply Order", which allowed the shipwrecked Nanban ships to be supplied with water, food, and fuel—this decree was also known as the "Tenpo Salary Order".

At the assessment meeting, everyone said in unison that the port of refuge, the port of supply and the "Tianbao Salary Order" seem to be not allowed to trade, but these two articles can be discussed with the drifters.

Is there any big difference between Perry's refuge and supply ports and the "Heavenly Salary Order"? Actually, there are still some:

First of all, the salary order was an internal law of Fuso, and it was never officially announced to the countries, and the shogunate was afraid that the Nanban ships would flock to it when they heard about it. To put it bluntly, this is a passive defensive measure to avoid disputes.

Secondly, the salary order clearly requires that the Nanban must not land, that is, get supplies and hurry out! - This is a decree that cannot be provoked.

Eventually, the paycheck decree stipulated that the exiles could be rescued, but the Nanban ghosts had to be captured and sent to Nagasaki, and then sent away by the Rankoku Merchant House—the shogunate didn't ask where they were. As for Fuso's own drifters, if they are sent back, I'm sorry, we don't want them!

In fact, the difference between the princes and the important ministers of the shogunate is very clear, but now that everyone else has come to the door, let's leave it alone if there is no difference, and let's fool the rice people away first-this rice people already have nine black ships in Edo Bay, towering and huge, and some of them are spewing smoke and fire, which is strange and scary to look at.

Since the above asked to continue, let's continue, and the day after returning from Edo, the first person from Lin University invited Perry and others back, and the two sides continued to negotiate.

On March 13, 1854, the 29th day of the second visit of the Black Ships, the shogunate and Perry held a second round of negotiations.

Perry changed his face this time, his words were gentle, and as soon as he met, he took out the text of the "Wangxia Agreement" signed between the United States and China in 1844, "Just follow this, how about it?" I think it's pretty good. ”

What a fart!

"Wangxia Agreement" is also known as the "Five Ports Trade Agreement", listen to the name to know that Hong Kong is going to open for trade, Lin University smiled and took out a book, although the text Perry couldn't understand, but the Lan translation said that the book was called "Summary of the Agreement of Western Kingdoms", and Perry was angry at that time - which bastard ate inside and outside gave this thing to Fusang! Ou, it's Lan Wen, and it's Lan Guo bastard who did it!

He subconsciously felt that things were a little wrong, and thought that the other party was a group of rookies, but he could take a closer look

But what came out was the veteran, who am I? Where am I?

But Perry is a man with a plan, Lin University's trick didn't make him sweat, and the negotiations have just begun, let's see!

Both sides didn't do anything in the morning, they were both reading the text provided by the other party, and finally stayed up until noon, Perry yelled, "Wait! "The first person of Lin University jumped down, but what was waiting for was the rice man who took out a large number of gifts.

It turned out that before the mission, Perry made full preparations:

Not only did he obtain a great deal of information from merchant ships, whaling ships, and various newspapers that sailed to the North Pacific, but he also bought a map of Fuso from Siebold for $20,000.

At the same time, he also brought a large number of gifts, such as a model steam locomotive, a cable telegraph, wine, champagne, perfume, a camera, a telescope, a Western saber, ordnance, and so on.

As for the gift, why didn't you take it out last year?

One is that if you don't see a rabbit, you don't scatter an eagle, and the other is because Perry is afraid of causing the other party to misjudge, thinking that he is weak and can be bullied, but this time he has no such concerns when he brings nine military ships, which is called "a big stick in one hand and an olive branch in one hand"!

And last time Perry didn't take it out at all - when he was leaving, he gave a lot of gifts to "Uraga Mission" Kayama Saemon, but Xiangshan was a complete Xibei goods, and after receiving the gifts, he tossed and turned, and finally gritted his teeth and secretly burned them. Perry had to know about this custody and had a heart attack on the spot.

Seeing the dazzling array of gifts, the first class of Lin University was indeed very surprised - this Mi Yi was menacing and actually knew the courtesy. At the very least, this gift is quite rich, from the public square, the old and middle-aged to everyone present.

As the saying goes, many people are not to blame. Although this is not a courtesy, the situation has eased.

After the two sides had lunch - the shogunate was very well prepared this time, there were nearly a thousand people on the scene, but the meals were all ready, and Perry invited everyone to see the foreign gadgets:

It turned out that Perry had people build a demonstration steam locomotive model and a cable telegraph nearby.

This model of a steam locomotive is a small locomotive with tracks, which allows people to sit in a special carriage of a steam locomotive and circle around the tracks - it's actually a big toy, but it's a lot of fun to look at.

And the operation of the cable telegraph also brought a burst of exclamations, without shouting, they actually communicated with each other through such a long line!

The steam locomotive was on its own without any external force, and the cable telegraph was like a hundred miles in front of him, and Perry was full of spring breeze, and he felt that this time he would definitely surprise this group of Fuso "Indians".

Something unexpected happened - after these two things were set up, there were a lot of Fuso soldiers watching, and the exclamations were endless, and Perry thought that these officials of the shogunate would have the same reaction, but it turned out to be not like this at all!

The first class of Lin University was quite interested, and went up to do it, but they were a little dissatisfied with their expressions.

Perry was surprised, "Why are you not satisfied?" Don't force your composure if you haven't seen it! ”

He asked the interpreter to ask him, and to Perry's surprise, the first class of the University of Forestry thought that "the decoration of the steam locomotive was too simple, and the special carriage was a bit stiff to sit on" and "the box of the cable telegraph was not gorgeous enough".

"What the hell." Admiral Perry was angry in his heart, and immediately said, "What should it look like if it is not simple, not blunt, and gorgeous?" ”

After the translator passed the message, the first person of Lin University smiled but did not answer.

After studying the book for a day, Perry returned to the ship in high spirits—not to mention, the "Summary of the Agreements of the Western Kingdoms" given by the Fuso people was quite interesting.

Perry is not a professional negotiator, and some of the things mentioned in this book are also the first time he has seen them, as the father of the steamship of the United States, Perry is a technical admiral, and he really feels a little eye-opening.

However, Perry's uneasiness in his heart became stronger and stronger, and he felt that things seemed to be a little out of his control, but he didn't care too much - after all, we have strong ships and cannons, and "the truth is only within the range of cannons", what are you afraid of.