Section 125 Acids and Bases (1)

After thinking about it, he understood: "You want to sterilize with radio-emission-line?" ”

"There are disadvantages to either alcohol disinfection or moist heat disinfection. It would be nice to be able to emit, shoot, and sterilize. ”

"This will not work, I will not be in charge, and the Planning Commission will definitely not agree. X-ray machines also have the problem of radiation-radiation-shielding, so forget it. "If you really need it, you can transport it to the hospital's radiation-ejaculation room to do it." ”

Ji Siwei looked at the chemical industrial zone in front of him, which had begun to take shape, with many towers and pipelines, and felt a great sense of satisfaction for a while. The most critical facility of the Crossing Group has finally taken shape. Although the construction of the chemical industrial zone began to be built from the beginning of mass production of cement and bricks, the whole project has maintained a state of slow start due to the lack of manpower and material resources, and the countless equipment installation problems encountered during the period have really made the person in charge of the chemical industry crazy-he has worked in a chemical plant, but there is still a big difference between working in a chemical plant and installing a chemical plant.

Looking at the various towers that have been erected and installed in front of me: comprehensive tower, ammonia distillation tower, ethanol distillation tower, ammonia washing tower, absorption tower, decarburization tower, debenzene tower, distillation tower, synthetic ammonia carbonization comprehensive tower, synthetic ammonia saturated hot water tower, shift gas desulfurization tower, saturated hot water tower...... These towers, large and small, and the pipes connecting them, add up to more than 300 tons, and it is a miracle to unload them, transport them here, and install them one by one - it took countless manpower, racked brains, and lost a few lives and injured a few people. Fortunately, there are many talented people in all aspects, and he has experience in the construction and construction of chemical plants, otherwise he would definitely go crazy by himself.

This set of equipment is certainly nothing in the 21st century: 800 tons of synthetic ammonia combined with alkali production system and a coal coking chemical system - manufacturers find it strange when they buy customized equipment - in terms of output, the current small chemical plants in the county produce more than them. Their power lies in their strong co-manufacturing capabilities. The simplest example: the synthetic ammonia industry can not only produce ammonia, which in turn produces nitric acid, but also uses ammonia as a raw material to react with salt to produce soda ash and many other by-products. It can be said that with the synthetic ammonia industry, the time-travelers permanently occupy the top of the food chain in this time and space. No one can stand up to the ruling group that controls intense, explosive, and highly effective fertilizers.

Ji Siwei saw that his heart was surging, and Zuihou still sighed: There is a shortage of coal!

Coal is not only a raw material for the production of these two systems, but also a necessary for supporting facilities. The large amount of steam, hot water, and electricity needed for production is provided by coal. The large boiler at the Bopu Thermal Power Plant, which is under construction, continues to use firewood to burn steam like a camel machine, which seems unreliable.

The curse of lack of coal has been hovering over his head. Once operational, the entire chemical zone will need far more coal than can currently be shipped out of Guangdong. And the coal has to be borne by the ever-growing appetite of steel mills, cement plants, and ever-increasing boilers – huge productivity is limited by transportation bottlenecks.

Once the chemical industry enterprise starts ignition production, it generally does not stop operation without special circumstances such as maintenance. In the current state of coal shortage, once it starts to operate, it will be embarrassing to wait for rice to be put into the pot without raw materials.

The rumbling of machinery in the shipyard not far away, and the constant sound of the steel mill rolling a little, soothed his uneasiness, an epoch-making ship under construction, the first iron-ribbed wood-hulled ship of his own design and construction—the complexity of the craftsmanship of building an all-timber sailboat—which had made the men of the mechanical department lose confidence, and the scarcity of large timber for the manufacture of keels and ribs; cumbersome wood processing; Timber-framed vessels are weighty, weak in strength, and have a low payload ratio. This led to the determination of Fumitsugu to try to build a hybrid large iron-ribbed wood-hulled ship earlier than Jihua to carry the bulk cargo that was urgently needed at the moment.

The keel of the ship began to be laid after the expedition returned from its voyage around the island, and a steam forging hammer was being built and installed at the steel plant to meet the demand for the production of ship materials. This is the largest industrial equipment ever built by the Group. All the elite soldiers and strong generals of the Labor and Energy Committee slept in the factory and started work 24 hours a day.

The payload of the ships is expected to reach 1,200 tons, far more than all the ships available today. The huge hull combined with the powerful hybrid power is enough to keep it safe from most maritime threats.

But the demand for three acids and two alkalis is already very urgent, and we can't wait for the arrival of coal in large quantities. The finished product from another plane is running out, and the small amount of sulfuric acid that is distilled from raw materials like soap alum is so small that it is impossible to describe it. There are more and more places that need sulfuric acid and caustic soda, so Ji Sihui has no choice but to settle for the next best thing, and decides to take advantage of the fact that the coal supply is not stable before the start of two sets of simple chemical equipment -- fortunately, the raw materials of these two processes do not need to use coal, and the equipment requirements are easier.

One is the production of caustic soda by electrolysis of edible salt by soil method, and the other is the production of sulfuric acid by pyrite contact method. This is a backward process that should be eliminated, with large waste and serious pollution. Fortunately, the level of construction requirements is extremely low, and reckless and brutal production can be improvised. In the future, this small plant can also be used as a supplement after the combined chemical plant is put into operation. And the expedition fleet brought back almost a full 20 tons of pyrite from Wanning. Making sulfuric acid is enough to last for a while.

The contact sulfuric acid plant is located downwind of the most edge of the industrial area, far from residential areas and farmland. The full set of design drawings and construction techniques were found from the large library. The horror of its simplicity and disregard for safety made Ji Sihui gasp - he only knew that there was a soil method for sulfuric acid on this shijie, but he didn't expect that the earth method could reach such a terrifying place. It's no wonder that the teeth of the soldiers of the Eighth Route Army were damaged by acid.

The construction of the whole is not difficult, it can even be said to be simple. The acid tower is made with a large, glazed ceramic tank. The instructions in the book are with ceramic jars. The Traverser is now able to manufacture this thing in bulk. Because of its versatility and corrosion resistance, it is highly ordered. Xiao Bailang has summed up enough experience from countless failures, and the water tank is not only skilled but also very efficient - he uses a mechanized demoulding method to manufacture the cylinder base, and the firing level also makes the local workers willing to bow to the wind - the traverser has industrial thermometers and combustion control means, as long as he understands the temperature of each stage of production, he can accurately grasp the temperature rise and fall of the kiln. This ability to quantify is far more accurate than the worker's personal perception of seeing with his eyes and feeling the temperature of his skin.

However, Ji Siwei does not plan to order a water tank, and the water tank is a helpless substitute. Since you want to substitute it, simply substitute the jishu content is higher. Why bother knocking out the bottom of the water tank in one fell swoop, and finding something to seal the interface between the cylinder and the cylinder to prevent acid mist from leaking - - given that he has no particularly good acid-resistant sealing material in his hand, the soil seal will definitely leak - and expose - - he wants to continue to eat with his teeth for the rest of his life. So what he asked Xiao Bailang to make was a complete ceramic reaction tank, with a diameter of 700mm and a height of 3.65 meters. This almost didn't drive Xiao Bailang crazy - it was too difficult. Oversized ceramic items are difficult to fire.

After Xiao Bailang took people to toss for several days, Zuihou came up with a compromise product, the whole reaction cylinder is composed of two parts, but in order to strengthen the sealing-performance-, the connected part is treated with casing, and the sealing effect is not bad. Then use some acid-resistant material to seal the overhaul can make do.

He then ordered a batch of cast iron pipes from the metallurgical department. The lump furnace for burning pyrite is made of refractory bricks and contains four burners, each with a hearth bed of 0.3 square meters. The stove and door are made of cast iron for easy sealing without leakage. The top of the furnace is made of refractory materials to form a cyclone dust collector. In order to meet the needs of the combustion and dust removal of the whole furnace, Ji Sihui brought in a small blower with 2 horsepower, which is not a problem in Bopu Industrial Zone.

The pyrite is first crushed into fine particles on an ore grinder and then placed in a lump furnace for cultivation. The furnace gas that comes out enters the first converter after passing through the cyclone dust collector made of refractory bricks. The gas in the first converter is cooled by a cast iron pipe and then sent to the second converter to continue the reaction.

The original scheme of the first converter and the second converter was to use a water tank, but Ji Siwei decided to use iron oil drums instead. Both the converter and the dust collector need to be insulated, and Ji Siwei did not have ready-made insulation materials available, so he built a frame with bricks around the three objects, and then filled the surrounding voids with plant ash. These two converters each release iron catalyst for catalysis.

After the converter comes out, the gas is cooled through the cast iron pipeline, and then sent to the absorption tower by hand pump to leach the acid, and then cooled and recovered to be the finished acid. Concentration 98%.

The acid tower is Xiao Bailang's three-stage combined ceramic cylinder, Xiao Bailang's tolerance is well mastered, and it is easy to assemble it in place after lifting. The inside of the acid tower is filled with broken tile cylinder pieces superimposed. The external sealing material was made of water glass mixed with porcelain powder - for which many porcelain were smashed and then crushed into powder. Fortunately, there is only one place to be sealed, and more piles are enough. One of the characteristics of this material is that it hardens when exposed to acid, and its strength increases. It is a relatively easy to use acid-resistant sealing material.

There are strong coastal winds here in Lingao, and there will be one or two typhoons every year, and the outside of the entire acid tower is fixed on all sides with brick pillars.

Once the core equipment is in place, the other water cooling and recovery units are easy to handle. Most of the conveying pipelines are ceramic pipes, and some are cast iron pipes, but the valve is not simplified because of the ugliness, but the real special valve for the chemical industry. He personally inspected every seal. After checking that everything was correct, Ji Siwei ordered to prepare for ignition production.

Ji Siwei selected a few cautious people from the labor force to work. I first took a three-day safety production class. However, in the first few days of production, Ji Siwei decided to only take the traverser to do it himself, and the natives-operator-workers watched and studied on the sidelines - he was not worried that these peasants who had put down their hoes for a few days, in case of serious casualties, the tragic situation of chemical burns would cast a great shadow on the future workers.

For this epochal industrial progress, Ji Siwei led a group of chemistry enthusiasts and his laborers to work for a whole day. A large amount of dry firewood was collected, and a large amount of coal was also allocated from the Planning Commission. The Mannings pyrite unloaded from the ship was of fairly good quality, with an average sulphur content of more than 50% after testing. The ore is first sent to a concentrator where it is processed and then crushed into small pieces. Stevedores use manual booms to load baskets of ore onto a long line of flatbed trucks on the tracks. Then two workers climbed onto the diesel tractor in front. The driver paid attention to a tall tower a few hundred meters, when the red flag turned into a yellow flag, a worker started the diesel engine, the green flag came together, and the whole train moved, slowly heading towards the direction of the sulfuric acid plant.

At the same time that Ji Siwei organized manpower to build the sulfuric acid plant, the rail transportation built by the Lingao Construction Corporation was also soon extended here. Now, the factories, warehouses and wharves in the two industrial zones of Bairen and Bopu have completed their own rail connections - flatbed trucks, driven by diesel-powered tractors, are running around with all kinds of raw materials and finished products, and from time to time they make a muffled horn sound.

After a train of pyrite ore arrived, Ji Si had already piled up several hills after retreating. Firewood, coal, pyrite and a lot of lime.

He told the indigenous workers to burn firewood at the ash outlets of the four furnaces of the lump furnace and start the process of warming the furnace, which lasted almost 48 hours, so Ji Siwei took time out to go to Ci Xiao Bailang, this time he ordered a sulfuric acid tank.

"The jar is made." Xiao Bailang pointed at a row of jars in the clearing, these jars were hung with bean green-color glaze, with ears on both sides, and the shape was similar to a small wine jar, but the cans were very straight.

"According to your requirements, each has a capacity of 25 litres, and it also has threaded and screwed caps. What a rarity! Xiao Bailang smacked his lips, "The clay pot has a screw lid." ”

"This is a jar of concentrated sulfuric acid, and it can't be sealed tightly."

These clay pots containing concentrated sulfuric acid can be screwed down with a threaded cap - in fact, this alone cannot guarantee the sealing, according to the traditional method is to use asbestos rope dipped in water glass around the mouth of the can and then tighten it with a lid, but not to mention the asbestos rope in the hands of the traverser, even the water glass is not much. Water glass can still be manufactured in the future, and asbestos will not be able to be made without trade. Fortunately, nature has given another natural corrosion-resistant material: lacquer.