Chapter 156: Stilwell is Summoned to China
While Stilwell has been paying attention to Longling, he is also paying attention to the bloody battlefield of Yuxianggui, and he is very uncomfortable to see that China's domestic transportation arteries are controlled by the Japanese army, and the air base is also occupied by the Japanese army. In order to support China and to transport supplies, the United States did not hesitate to open a road in the Savage Mountain, where the conditions were extremely difficult, but Chiang Kai-shek lost the road in his hand, and also lost the road that the US military intended to use to directly attack the Japanese airfield.
Corrupt! A bunch of bureaucrats who only know how to ask for personal gain! He firmly believed that Chiang Kai-shek's ineffective command of the battle was the reason for Chiang Kai-shek's ineffective command of the battle and that it had a great deal to do with the bureaucratic corruption of the Kuomintang army.
In order to create an invincible army, he once fantasized about completing the transformation of the military discipline and military quality of the Kuomintang army through the Langa training and the Yunnan intensive training. Through many contacts with Chiang Kai-shek, he began to realize that it was difficult, difficult to ......
Stilwell was a competent American general, especially when he was on the Langa training ground.
Langa is located about 220 miles northwest of Calcutta, India. This is the base camp and training base of the Chinese Army in India. During the First World War, the British army imprisoned captured Italian prisoners here, and built a large-scale improvised barracks for this purpose, which later became a British and Indian army camp. After the expeditionary force arrived in India, according to the US-British-China agreement, the Chinese troops retreating to India were formed into the Chinese Expeditionary Force in India, and the base camp and training base were Langa, and the camp and materials were supplied by the British and Indian governments but paid for by the United States. From May to August 1942, 8,000 people from the new 38th Division and the new 22nd Division began training here, and the Commander's Department of the Chinese Expeditionary Force in India was established, with General Stilwell as the commander and Zheng Dongguo as the deputy commander. Later, new recruits arrived here by airlift through Hump, totaling about 4-60,000 people, and the troop establishment was expanded to the New First Army (three divisions under Sun Liren) and the New Sixth Army (two divisions under Liao Yaoxiang). These trained troops became the elite of the Chinese army in World War II.
The New 22nd Division and the New 38th Division were both units that withdrew to India after the defeat of the First Chinese Expeditionary Force in Burma. Division commanders Liao Yaoxiang and Sun Liren, one in France and the other in the United States, are not a problem in communication. In terms of factions, the new 22nd Division belongs to the Central Army, and has a "blood" relationship with China's first mechanized army, the 5th Army, and is a key unit of the Ministry of Military Affairs. The new 38th Division originated from the tax police force of the Ministry of Finance, and it can neither be called a descendant of the central army, nor a side line, and it is even less related to local miscellaneous cards. It can be said that the new 38th Division, a unit that is almost in a "neutral" position, is what Stilwell particularly likes.
It turned out that although Stilwell was very dissatisfied with his deputy commander Luo Zhuoying (the deputy commander was later succeeded by Zheng Dongguo), he still admired both Liao and Sun very much. Especially Sun Liren, who has an American style of dealing with people. Perhaps it was precisely for this reason that the new 38th Division later had to organize an additional howitzer battalion than the new 22nd Division.
To put it bluntly, the U.S. side was very generous in providing military aid to Lambgar (although it was "lent" at China's expense), and even the stingy British side provided light machine guns, tracked armored vehicles, and individual equipment (such as belts, harnesses, backpacks, water bottles, and bullet bags) for training. However, the British also specifically stated that the purpose of the equipment was only for "training" and not for "combat". That is to say, when the training is completed, these equipment will be returned to the British side. Let's take a look at what the gear is.
ACCORDING TO THE ARCHIVES, THE U.S. WEAPONS THAT WERE PUT INTO TRAINING AND EQUIPPED TO THE DIVISIONS OF THE INDIAN ARMY AND THE UNITS DIRECTLY UNDER THE GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INCLUDED 36 155MM HOWITZERS, 118 105MM HOWITZERS, 166 75MM FIELD GUNS, 114 75MM MOUNTAIN GUNS, 160 75MM ANTIAIRCRAFT GUNS, 750 60MM MORTARS, 130 37MM ANTI-AIRCRAFT GUNS, 9,677 MACHINE GUNS (OF WHICH 4,335 WERE BRUN LIGHT MACHINE GUNS SUPPLIED BY THE BRITAIN), 6,950 SUBMACHINE GUNS, AND 20,000 RIFLES.
The Lamgara training camp has five training centers for infantry, artillery, armored troops, and tactics, and logistics, and the directors of each center are all US officers. Beginning in September 1942, officers and men of the new 22nd and 38th Divisions, as well as 2,626 officers and 29,667 soldiers who were airlifted from Kunming to Lamgara in batches, received rotational training for American officers, and all of them completed the training by January 1944. During this period, the 14th Division, the 50th Division, and the newly formed 30th Division were also airlifted to Lamgara one after another, becoming one of the "X Troops". Together with the new 22nd Division and the new 38th Division, the first batch of actual units to receive US weapons, a total of 5 divisions, they will become the main force in the offensive operations in northern Burma in the future.
In the summer of 1944, General Stilwell, who returned to China, was tasked with arming a Chinese army capable of fighting Japan, and he began to set his sights on the anti-Japanese contingent led by the Communists.
In the summer of 1944, under Stilwell's active facilitation, the China-Burma-India Theater Command sent a U.S. military observation team to Yan'an and other places for inspection. A few months later, the inspection reports came out one after another, and Yan'an, a red regime in a remote corner, began to be known to the outside world, and the Eighth Route Army under the leadership of the Communist Party gradually perfected in the minds of the Americans. They were amazed that in the Communist Party there was "a vigorous atmosphere and strength, a desire to engage the enemy, which is difficult to see in Kuomintang China." Moreover, the communist army "is a young, combat-trained, well-trained army....... of the volunteer army, their morale is high...... There is no defeatism, and they are full of confidence that they will win the war against Japan", and they have "calm self-confidence and self-esteem".
Although Stilwell did not go to Yan'an in person, he was completely moved by these articles, and he took the opportunity to suggest to the U.S. War Department that a portion of the U.S. aid to China be used to arm the Chinese Communist army.
Stilwell hoped to increase the combat effectiveness and cohesion of the Kuomintang army by infiltrating and exchanging blood. He instructed Dou En, the head of the advisory regiment stationed in the expeditionary force, to suggest to Chief of Staff Xiao of the expeditionary force that 20 communists be arranged in each company of the expeditionary force to enhance the combat effectiveness of the expeditionary force.
Stilwell, an American general, who knew military affairs but not politics, how could Chiang Kai-shek tolerate the use of the Communists to reddening his Kuomintang army?
Chiang Kai-shek was even more dissatisfied with Stilwell, and Stilwell's dissatisfaction with Chiang Kai-shek was deepened by the ineffective fighting of the Kuomintang army against Japan.