Chapter 644: Fit is Good
As a 'person who has come over', Zhao Yu certainly knows that salt has had an extremely important impact on the whole society in Chinese history, and the role of salt banknotes is a refraction of salt's influence on society. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ļ½ļ½ļ½Uļ½Eć When the salt banknote broke through its original function, it played a huge positive role in the development of social credit business and the financial and financial affairs of the feudal government.
After the Song Dynasty, each dynasty formed its own system according to its salt introduction system, but it was nothing more than that merchants spent money to buy salt introduction. In the Ming Dynasty, due to the shortage of grain at the border gates, the implementation of the 'Kaizhong Law - Salt Quotation Tokens', that is, the salt merchants needed to send grain to the border gates, and then exchange the salt quotations in their hands from the hands of various feudal officials. In the Qing Dynasty, the salt industry became a private industry, but it was still a means for the imperial court to extract wealth and accumulate wealth.
But Zhao Yu also knew that the issuance of salt quotation was an extraordinary means to deal with the crisis at the beginning, and when good results were achieved, they promoted it recklessly, and then the disadvantages appeared, and finally it was out of control, like a parabola, from victory to decline, to the end. And the main reason for this is that the salt has the credit function of money, which can also be said to be a positive aspect, but it also wants to be a beast in a cage, once it breaks out of the cage, it will eat itself.
The Ming Dynasty encouraged merchants to transport grain to the border in exchange for salt, and granted a patent system for selling salt. It is also known as Kaizhong. The system of Kaizhong followed the system of the Song and Yuan dynasties, but in the Ming Dynasty, there were more openings in the border areas to attract merchants to transport grain to the border and enrich the military grain reserves on the border. Depending on the distance, one to five stone of grain can be exchanged for salt from the government. Since then, this has changed depending on the situation and the price of rice. The opening method is roughly divided into three steps: reporting, guarding the branch, and changing the market.
In the newspaper, the salt merchants transported the grain to the granary in the designated border area in accordance with the requirements of the Ming government's investment promotion list, and exchanged it for salt from the government; Shouzhi means that after the salt merchant exchanges the salt lead, he leads the salt to the designated salt field to wait for the salt; Shiyi is a salt merchant who transports the obtained salt to a designated area for sale. Because of the huge cost of transporting grain over long distances, salt merchants used to hire laborers on various sides to cultivate fields, produce grain, and put them in warehouses on the spot in exchange for salt, so as to make more profits. The establishment of Shangtun has greatly enriched the border defense.
In the Ming Dynasty, as the ruling class became increasingly corrupt, the royal family, eunuchs, nobles, and bureaucrats saw that it was profitable to hold salt, so they begged for salt and resold it to salt merchants to make a profit. This phenomenon intensified, destroying the system of opening the middle, Xianzong ordered to stop the opening of the law on all sides, so that the salt merchants in the household department, the transportation of grain in exchange for salt, but also seriously affected the Ming government's financial revenue, reform the salt law to make up for the country's financial revenue has been imperative.
During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong, Ye Qi, the secretary of the household department, changed the old system and implemented the "Gang Salt System", and the merchants who held the salt quotation were divided into ten outlines according to the region, and they could sell them in the designated area after paying the introduction money and taxes. Those who are not included in the program have no right to operate the salt industry. Merchants use silver instead of rice, pay to the transportation department, solve to Taicang, and then distribute to all sides, each salt to lose silver three or four dollars, resulting in more than one million silver in Taicang, the country's financial revenue increased sharply.
At that time, the revenue from the salt tax amounted to 9 million taels of silver, not counting the amount of illegal salt traded. You must know that the total annual tax revenue of the Ming Dynasty is only 10 million taels on average, and the important role of salt introduction "one million profits" can be seen. However, the implementation of the new law also led to the relocation of most of the salt merchants in the border areas, and the rapid destruction of the Shangtun also greatly reduced the grain reserves of the border army. Mu Zong had to re-plan the implementation of Tuntian Kaizhong in the border areas, but because of this, the system has been corrupted for a long time, and it is difficult to achieve practical results.
In the Qing Dynasty, the position of salt introduction became more important, the number of salt merchants all over the country was not very numerous, but the household department used a large number of salt to replenish the treasury, and the salt introduction had been flooded during the Kangxi period. Yongzheng succeeded to the throne after the strict prohibition of the household department to over-issue salt, carried out a number of major reforms, after Qianlong ascended the throne salt introduction also reversed the decline, and has long been a large number of rich salt merchants, only in Yangzhou, the capital of Huizhou salt merchants is equivalent to more than half of the national inventory silver at that time.
A large number of salt merchants donated to disaster relief, so that the victims of the disaster in China were repeatedly appeased, helped Qianlong tide over the difficulties, and also achieved his prosperous Kangqian era. It's a pity that the good times didn't last long, and only 30 years later, the officials of the salt administration privately overissued salt introductions, embezzled huge amounts of silver from them, and triggered the 'two Huai salt introduction cases', which led to the decline of the salt introduction system.
During the Daoguang period, the Qing government reformed the "Salt Law" in order to eliminate the huge profits of the "merchants" in the salt industry, changed the salt system to the ticket salt system, and imposed heavy taxes on the bookmakers and large households who held the salt introduction nest, and the price followed the market, so as to break the monopoly and monopoly of the salt industry. The advantage of the ticket salt system is not to cancel the monopoly of salt introduction and merchant introduction, but to cancel the boundary of salt industry, and the obvious effect of the restriction is to suppress the price of salt, and the large salt merchants who are the dealers have collapsed. With the success of the salt reform, the Qing government spilled a large amount of salt in Huaibei and obtained huge tax revenues from it.
If the signs of this market economy were to be implemented, it would have been a good thing for both the government and the people, but when the building was about to collapse, foreign enemies invaded and revolted continuously, which made Zeng Guofan re-reform the salt system. Although he advocated that there should be no restriction on ticket merchants' requests, he actually deprived small and medium-sized merchants of the right to transport salt with the stipulation of 500 tickets, and in addition, he also made specific regulations on the price of salt, which was not allowed to go beyond the prescribed range, which changed the method of free sale of ticket salt in the sales area and competition at reduced prices, undermined the spirit of the ticket salt system, and moved towards historical regression......
"Your Majesty, rest!"
"Oh, wait a little longer!" Zhao Yujue's hand was not only holding a salt guide that could bring him wealth, but also a time bomb that would explode at some point, so he was in a heavy mood, and at this time, Su Lan also finished washing and changed his dress, and walked over to urge him to go to bed, he looked up and was stunned.
"Hmm!" Su Lan nodded obediently, took off the lampshade and cut off the excess candle wick, and replaced a cup of hot water for His Majesty.
"Sister Su, take a break!" Su Lan was already beautiful, but now she washed away the lead flower, and she felt even more pure and refined under the plain surface, and she was turning around in front of him like a butterfly, which made Zhao Yu unable to concentrate for a while, and he pointed to the soft couch and asked him to sit down.
"Hmm!" Su Lan listened and sat down with an embroidered pier.
"Su Xin is lazy again, I see you busy alone, she will hide away!" Zhao Yu put down the salt in his hand and said.
"Are the officials dissatisfied with Frangipani?" Su Lan didn't answer, but asked rhetorically.
"Yes, she likes to do things secretly, and she is unorganized and careless. I've been in the palace for more than half a year, and she still hasn't grown up after several trainings, and I don't think she wants it anymore! Zhao Yu sighed and said.
"Is the official family going to punish her from the palace?" Su Lan said with a gloomy face when she heard this.
"Well, she's not old either, and I'll let her out of the palace after a year!" Zhao Yu nodded.
"Official, what do you want to ask you for?" Su Lan hesitated for a while before speaking.
"What's the matter? You don't want to beg me to keep her in the palace! Zhao Yu frowned and said.
"Yes." Su Lan lowered her head and said.
"The nature is difficult to change, and the character of Frangipani is also difficult to change, and maybe it will cause trouble. If you don't leave the palace while you're still old, you can still find a good family, wouldn't it be better than staying in the palace! Zhao Yu looked at Su Lan and said.
"The official family, Su Xin's parents died, and there was no one to take refuge in Qiongzhou, so she was lonely and how to live out of the palace. Please also ask the official family to be kind and not to expel him from the palace! Su Lan stood up and bowed deeply.
"Excuse me!" Zhao Yu raised his hand and said, "It's not that I'm ruthless, but the palace is not as good as the outside, it seems to be calm here, but in fact, there is a turbulent undercurrent, doing one thing wrong, or even saying the wrong word will cost her life, I let her out of the palace is actually for her good!" ā
"The official family, Su Xin is kind by nature, although she has some shortcomings, she is not a treacherous person, the slave will teach her well in the future, and she will never cause trouble to the official family!" Su Lan still didn't give up and continued to intercede for him.
"It's too late now, she's already in trouble, if you keep her in the palace any longer, I'm afraid things will be difficult to clean up!" Zhao Hao sighed and waved his hand.
"The official family refers to the fact that Commander Ni bought hairpins for Frangipani today?" As soon as the little emperor's words fell, Su Lan immediately asked.
"Since you already know, why bother asking, I don't want to destroy a capital for the sake of men and women!" Zhao Hao said in a deep voice. He didn't expect Su Lan to be so sensitive, and he could see the reason from a few jokes of his own.
"Since the official family knows this, why can't they fulfill the two?" Su Lan asked urgently.
"Presumptuous, is this the kind of thing you should ask?" Zhao Yu slapped the dwarf and said sharply.
"Official, the slave knows that this matter really shouldn't be asked, but please be able to fulfill them!" Seeing this, Su Lan fell to her knees, but still straightened up and said with a small face.
"You...... You, get up! Zhao Hao glared at Su Lan who was kneeling on the ground, but he didn't see that he had the intention of giving in for a while, he didn't expect this little girl to be so stubborn and helpless to wave her hand.
āā¦ā¦ā
"It's okay for me to point out Frangipani to Ni Liang, but you must know that Ni Liang is silent by nature and is not good at words. And he is loyal and stubborn. However, Frangipani is lively by nature, likes to move and does not like to be quiet, and ...... They're not a good match anyway. My life was exchanged for the lives of hundreds of Ni Zhuangyuan and other children surnamed Ni, so I can't be sorry for them! Seeing that Su Lan still refused to get up or speak, Zhao Yu explained helplessly.
"The so-called good match of the official family is to say that the talented woman is good-looking, the right person, and the eight characters match! And the slave thinks that as long as the husband and wife are happy, why should they care about the level of the door and what their appearance is? Although Frangipani has a poor family background and some minor problems, she is also literate and knowledgeable. Seeing this, Su Lan got up and said, "And the official family didn't ask if the two of them had intentions, so they beat the mandarin ducks and drove Frangipani out of the palace, wouldn't it be too arbitrary!" ā
"This ......" Zhao Yu was speechless by Su Lan's 'high theory', thinking that he was from the modern society eight hundred years later, advocating free love and independent marriage, but he was taught a lesson by a little woman who lived in a feudal society and married by the orders of her parents and the words of the matchmaker, and her heart was quite unpleasant.
"Official, the slave and maid have spoken in vain, please punish it!" Su Lan saw that the little emperor's face was red and white for a while, and she was only angry with her own words, so she hurriedly asked for sin.
"What you said is reasonable, but I am wrong, get up!" Zhao Yu lost his temper this time, raised his hand and said dejectedly, "It's the best fit, I promise you to make a decision after asking them!" ā
"Xie Guan's family!" Su Lang listened to it and got up and gave a blessing again.
"I should thank you, but you are very brave, you actually talk back to me, are you not afraid of knocking you out of the palace?" Zhao Hao said with a wry smile.
"The official family is a Ming monarch, how could he drive the slaves and maids out of the palace for these trivial things!" Su Lan said with a smile.
"Alas, this matter can only be known to you and me, and you can't tell others, otherwise they will really be a couple in the future, and they will not be able to scold me for the rest of their lives!" Zhao Yu sighed and admonished.
"The slave and maid have written it down, and will never mention it to the second person, and it will rot to the stomach from then on!" Su Lan pointed to the sky as an oath......
With such an episode, Zhao Hao was quite embarrassed, and climbed into bed after soaking his pee. But Su Lan's words made him unable to sleep for a long time, could it be that when he reached this era, his thoughts had already been assimilated? When you become an emperor, you are afraid to do things, you don't dare to act recklessly, and you don't even have the courage to try? Alas, is your own head also decided by the ass?
"Just fit it!" Tossing and turning, Su Lan's words suddenly popped up in Zhao Yu's mind. When I found out that salt was beginning to circulate in the market, my first reaction was that this thing would not let me go down the old path of history, and one day it would become a scourge and endanger the community, but I did not expect the positive significance of it, which solved the country's financial difficulties and supported the huge military expenditure consumed in the war.
At present, the salt policy implemented in Qiongzhou is based on the continuous increase in production capacity, and the distribution of salt is controlled within the production capacity, and there is no over-issuance. As for the frequent red tickets, due to the limited population of Qiongzhou, everyone also needs to consume, that is, there is a surplus of red tickets flowing into the market, because the huge salt production will not have anything to impact the market, and this kind of transaction is not completely beneficial to the ordinary people of Qiongzhou. You must know that at present, a stone of grain in Qiongzhou is only sold for 900 Wen, and the income of 500 Wen can be obtained after the price increase of ten catties of red tickets, which is equivalent to giving subsidies to the people in disguise, and invisibly increasing purchasing power.
As for the blue ticket, Zhao Yujue can see it as a modern foreign exchange bill, and the forced exchange rate has increased the value of Qiongzhou's currency. On the other hand, the real money and silver used by traders in other cities to buy salt quotations, Zhiyuan banknotes, Zhongtong banknotes, and paper banknotes left over from the Great Song Dynasty are not easy to use here. In this way, a large amount of gold and silver from the inland will flow into Qiongzhou, and even bartering can still enrich the market in Qiongzhou, avoid material shortages, and obtain urgently needed materials such as copper, iron, livestock, etc. In this way, the implementation of the salt introduction system is not harmful to the current Qiongzhou, and has positive significance......