To be honest, the British are not unaware of the activities of the French media, as well as the political intrigues that are hidden behind them. After all, when it comes to conspiracy, in the whole world, if the British consider themselves the second, no one dares to call themselves the boss. In this respect, both the innate lower limit and the skill accumulated over the years have made the British the best in the world in this conspiracy.

Therefore, when the French came to Britain to run the media, the British naturally had to go to France to run the media. A number of British newspapers also set up various French-language newspapers in Paris. But the circulation of these newspapers in France is far less than that of the French press in England, and not even a fraction of it. Not even in France, but even in England, they were beaten back by the French press.

The main reason for this phenomenon is that the cost of these British newspapers has not been reduced.

The main source of income for the French newspapers and periodicals, with the exception of "purely academic" things like Nature, is not the selling price, but the advertising revenue. (Of course, Nature is a "non-profit social group" and is "not profitable" in the first place.) ）

For a newspaper, the larger the circulation, the more valuable and valuable the advertisements it publishes, the more profitable it earns from advertising, and the more it can afford to set the price of its own newspaper lower. And on the premise of ensuring quality, the cheaper the single copy of the newspaper, the easier it is to become larger in circulation.

Under the leadership of Lucien, and with the support of the enterprises of the military-industrial complex, the French press landed in England with not only reporters and editors, but also a whole group of advertising supporters. Therefore, on the premise that the French do not think about making money for the time being, they can also push down the price of newspapers by a large margin.

But on the British side, they don't have a monopoly, such as the "military-industrial complex", and naturally they don't have the support of the "advertising support group", so a cycle of headaches for newcomers appears in front of those British newspapers.

The first problem faced by the English newspapers when they were published in France was the price of the newspapers. In France, low-cost newspapers have gradually become the norm, and the price of each newspaper is often only the same as its material cost, that is, the cost of paper plus the cost of printing, and the money is made by advertising. But the newcomers to the British press were unable to do this, and as a result, they had to make money from the price of the newspaper. This led to the consequence that their newspapers were more expensive than French newspapers.

This is a fatal consequence, and it brings with it a series of follow-up problems.

Because it sells for a high price, no one buys it; Because no one buys it, no one wants to advertise it; Because no one wants to advertise, the price has to be expensive...... Although these newspapers and periodicals also struggled for a time, they also used their strength to pull advertisements everywhere. But even the English merchants were reluctant to advertise with them - who kept you from selling? They would rather spend a lot of money on advertising in the local newspapers in France than give these fellow Englishmen a copper.

As for the French merchants, of course, too, they were just as picky as the British. Therefore, these British newspapers and periodicals can also pull some advertisements with a very low total price, such as "missing person notice" and "dog search notice". Even entertainment companies such as the Moulin Rouge in Paris disdained to advertise in the English's "worthless tabloids" where "the circulation is pitiful, and the total price is very low, but the average price of each newspaper sold is a mess." And in the French party, a sarcastic remark for those entertainment companies that are not popular, as well as the little yellow-haired girls who are not popular, or the old beauties who have expired, is "can only be advertised in British newspapers and magazines." ”

So, although Lucien seems to be very irrational to set up a fg, for now, the odds of stuffing him into a cannon and shooting him into the sun are really not very high. It's not like someone, it's enough to go to the sun for a week.

In fact, even in London, British newspapers are feeling the pressure of cheap French newspapers. Seven pence to buy two copies at this price, if you don't count advertising revenue, you're losing money. Even taking into account advertising revenue, these two newspapers are largely unprofitable.

However, behind these two newspapers are the French newspapers "Scientific Pravda" and "French Kommersant". Mr. Nüchingen, director of the newspaper Kommersant, said at the board meeting

"The UK is a new market, where the most important thing for our newspapers at the moment is not to make a profit, but to grab as much share as possible. Gentlemen, if we can use a temporary lack of money, or even a temporary lack of money, or even a small loss, to force our competitors to lose a lot of money, or even go bankrupt. Then these losses are worth it and should be considered a successful investment.

Ladies and gentlemen, once the traditional British presses went bankrupt and closed down one after another, they all withdrew from the market. At that time, you still had to worry, we couldn't make money? At that time, all advertisements will only be known to us, and all councillors, whether Whigs or Tories, will have to pass through us in order for their voices to be heard. At that point, do we still have to worry about not making money? ”

The British, of course, knew the danger of continuing such a situation. But Britain did not have a large-scale newspaper trust at this time, more specifically, that is, England, which was still in the most classic period of liberal capitalism, the stars had not yet run in their proper position, and the indescribable thing of monopolies, which was full of pervasive tentacles, had not yet had time to take shape. Then suddenly there was an invasion of the outer gods.

Only nuclear weapons can fight nuclear weapons, only the furnace of retreat can fight the furnace of withdrawal, only the old rulers can fight the old ones, and only trusts can fight the trusts.

Relying solely on the British newspapers, none of them would be a match for the media trusts in France. So, on the very day that Fagin left Paris, a group of British newspapers gathered in London for a successful, triumphant congress announcing the formation of a body called the "Union of Journalists in England". On the same day, the "England News Alliance" announced that the alliance's assets would be optimised, and many poorly run newspapers would be shut down one after another. Some of the incompetent people will be dismissed and their efforts will be concentrated to create a few new newspapers – The Times Review and the English Economic Observer.

Obviously, these two newspapers were directed at those of the "sevenpence coalition".

In addition to the owners of the original newspapers, some gentlemen who were originally engaged in other industries also joined the alliance and invested in it. The highest-ranking investor in the alliance is former British Prime Minister Pitt Jr.

One of the well-known things is that Pete Jr. has no money. Because of previous investment failures, Pete Jr. is a well-known loser. So many people speculate that most of the money invested by Pete Jr. was lent to him by the king.

Because of the addition of Pete Jr., this alliance is naturally full of Tory colors.

The emergence of such a Tory newspaper alliance first alarmed the Whigs. Although this "Union of English Press" seems to have been directed against the "sevenpence coalition" of the French, they are not yet deadly enough to the French today, but they are far more fatal than they are to the Whigs.

Obviously, just as the scattered British press could not defeat the "sevenpence coalition" in the past, now once the media on the side of the Tories form a large coalition, they will be able to easily crush the remaining small newspapers leaning towards the Whigs, if they are unable to repel the French for the time being.

A few days later, another newspaper union, the Union of the Free Press of England, was founded in London. Perhaps it was because of the haste in which it was formed, so that almost all of its various organizational measures were copied from the "Union of the Press in England".

Its main convener was Charles James Fox, the leader of the Whig Party, and of course there was a considerable number of wealthy people behind him.

As a result, the news battlefield in England suddenly appeared in a three-legged state.

"Mr. Fox is a very interesting person. Conceptually, he was closer to the French, and even closer to the Jacobins. When he became independent of North America, he openly sang the praises of the rebellion of the North American people against the tyrants, and when we cut off Louis XVI's head, he openly said in parliament that Louis XVI was to blame. This extreme attitude caused him to lose many friends, and the Tories always had the upper hand in Parliament, and even many Tories who were former Whigs became Tories because of their ideological conflicts with him.

Well, this guy is a good orator and debater. He never fell behind in parliamentary debates, and anyone who confronted him would be refuted by him, but when it came time to vote, he hardly succeeded.

Because of his pro-French stance, this time there were also textile merchants and steam engine merchants behind his alliance. However, on the whole, his alliance is still far inferior to that of the 'English Press League'. Well, Joseph, Napoleon, I think we can give them a little bit of support, and we're going to devise a conspiracy against the 'Union of English Journalism,' using Joseph, your new one that hasn't been made public yet. ”

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