Cheng Lao naturally could see that Shen Yan was deliberately stirring up trouble and had ill intentions. I first put on a high hat for Cao Yi in the front, praising him as the first talent in Jiangning, with a much higher understanding and opinion than others, it is normal for you Cao Yi to speak it, and if you can't say it, you will greatly lose the name of the first talent in Jiangning. At that time, presumably with Shen Yan's virtue, he will naturally be yin and yang, and he will be ridiculed.

But Cheng Lao, he actually wants to hear Cao Yi's views and understanding of this sentence. In Cheng Lao's opinion, every time Cao Yi always has shocking remarks that are thought-provoking, so he is also quite looking forward to Cao Yi's explanation, and now since Shen Yan specifically named Cao Yi to answer, he did not deliberately stop it, but asked Cao Yi if he had any different ideas and different understandings by the way.

Cao Yi originally admired Jia Zheng more, and agreed with his speech, thinking that he was at least a talented talent, but now it seems that he is afraid that his mental skills are not very correct, or Jia Zheng is jealous and can't tolerate people more appropriately. I hope that I am better than others, everyone will have this kind of thought, but if I can't allow others to be better than myself, then there is really a problem with the quality of personal thoughts.

Cao Yi stood up and first gave a student salute to Cheng Lao, and said, "Master Cheng, before I say my opinion, I want to ask all the classmates here, why do you want to study?" ”

For a while, there was a lot of noise in the classroom, and everyone was muttering to themselves, or discussing why they were studying, everyone had different original intentions and answers.

There are those who glorify their ancestors for the sake of their families, those who want to get ahead for themselves, those who can live in peace in the future, and those who become officials in order to gain fame, and of course, there are also a few people who are ingenious and say that they have a heart for heaven and earth, a life for the people, a continuation of their studies for the saints, and peace for all generations.

"Why study? Confucius Sage had already had the answer in "The Analects of Zizhang", and he used the method of learning and excelling to complete his ambition of governing the country and leveling the world. "Learn literature and martial arts, goods and the emperor's family", I think the purpose of most scholars is for this, a small number of literati and gentlemen in the satisfaction of their own ego goals, and then to pursue the realm of the big self, no longer just limited to the three yuan in the middle, the marquis to worship the prime minister, but with what they have learned to benefit the world. Cao Yi said calmly with a faint smile on his face.

But this is really only a minority, and most scholars forget the ambitions they had set when they were studying once they became officials. Mencius once said, 'If there is something to be done, the ruler is the one who is pleasing to the man; Those who have an security society are also happy with an security society; Those who have heavenly people, those who are feasible in the world and then do it; There are adults who are righteous and things are right. Everyone will understand what the intention is, and it is said of four kinds of people. The first only thinks about serving the king

the Lord, whose purpose is to please the monarch; the second is a minister who can stabilize the country, and he takes pleasure in stabilizing the country; The third type is those who conform to the principles of heaven, and when their ideas are in line with the principles of heaven, they will implement them; The fourth type is the great man and saint, who only needs to set an example by himself, and then all things in the world will follow his example, be influenced by him, and become upright. ”

Cao Yi looked at the many students who were sitting and listening to his remarks, and said with a smile: "Do you know why you asked me the questions of 'sole goodness' and 'concurrent goodness', but I turned to say this?" Because they can express their ideas above the court, they are adopted by the king, and they are regarded as the highest achievements of scholars, like Shang Ying, like Han Feizi, they have always been the idols of our scholars, because what they have learned can be used, they can listen to the heavens, and benefit the people. But not every scholar can stand above the court, so when he is far away from the court, at least he can do not fall morally, his ethics are not lost, his might is unyielding, and he is worthy of heaven and earth, so he will not read the books of sages in vain. But some people, in order to make themselves prosperous and wealthy, satisfy their own selfish desires, grovel, flatter the powerful, break their original intention and upright backbone, and also lose the heroic righteousness of generations of scholars! ”

"My generation of scholars, living in the temple is worried about its people, and being far away from the rivers and lakes is worried about its king, in my opinion, this is the same meaning as 'poor is good for itself, and good for the world when it is reached'. The height of the temple is to advance, and the 'goodness' is also to advance; the distance to the rivers and lakes is to retreat, and the 'sole goodness' is also to retreat. There is a basis for advancing and retreating, and without losing the righteousness of Haoran, there is a way in life, and it is right to achieve the big self with the small self, but to achieve the big me, you must sacrifice the small self? In fact, it doesn't have to be like this, 'doing good to the world' means that we should also be good to the world on the premise of being good to ourselves. To be good in the world is to make the world beautiful, and it can also be to make the people in the world good. In detail, there is a difference between the two, but there is no distinction between priority and subordination, but different stages of the same thing. Self-kindness is the premise. If you are not good, how can you be good in the world? It cannot be said that good self is the main thing, and good to the world is secondary. Vice versa. ”

Cao Yi faced many students, independent of them, and his speech was sonorous, deafening, and pointed directly to his heart.

"In the early Tang Dynasty, Chen Ziang, who did not see the ancients and did not see the comers, was the representative of the idea of "goodness", he was in the "Sacrifice to Weifu Junwen": "There is the heart of the world, the amount of things, the willingness to endure hardships, the wind and rain do not change, the taste of poverty is good to oneself, and the achievement is good to the world." Its political propositions such as "measures and punishments", "knowing the virtuous", "admonishing the sage", and "relieving the soldiers" all reflect the Confucian idea of both goodness and benevolence; His poems "Feelings" and "Song of Dengyouzhou" profoundly reflected the national reality at that time, exposed the social shortcomings of the early Tang Dynasty, and also expressed the idea of both benevolence and benevolence through poetry. ”

"Like Du Zimei, she has been down-and-down all her life

Unbearable, the career is not good, but the heart of the world, from his poem "three officials", "three farewell", "thatched hut for the autumn wind broken song" in the eternal sentence "Ande mansion tens of millions, shelter the world of the cold people are happy." We can understand his feelings for the common people and his deep desire to help the world. ”

"There is also Bai Letian, in the "Nine Books with Yuan", Lotte once expressed his ambition to Yuan Zhi and the world: 'Micro, the ancients said: If you are poor, you will be good to yourself, and if you are good, you will help the world. Although the servant is not good, he often learns this way. Although he offended many powerful people in his career, he used this as the standard for his life and behavior. He advocated that poetry should make up for current affairs, vent people's feelings, and said that he wrote satirical poems to express the 'ambition of helping the people', and the purpose was to 'only sing to give birth to the people's diseases, and wish to be known by the Son of Heaven'. However, after degrading Jiangzhou, he rewrote 'leisure poetry', away from the party strife and chaos in the political center, and turned to the philosophy of 'being good together' to protect oneself with wisdom. ”

"This seems to be the way of life that we have pursued all our lives, and it is a gift from Yasheng Mencius to our scholars and literati, which contains the aspirations and feelings of scholars and literati, and it is also the practice of the literati's 'self-cultivation and family governance of the country and the world'. But is that really the case? When the literati reach the realm of 'reaching', there is no problem in 'helping the world', not only being able to 'help the world', but also 'helping the world' and 'cultivating one's family at the same time'. But I have a different opinion in the 'poor time', I think that the scholar and the literati are not only able to do their own good things in the 'poor time', but in terms of Bai Letian's later wisdom and self-protection, I think it is far from enough to be like him, because he can do better. Cao Yi said amazingly.

"As far as Confucius's 'solitary goodness' is concerned, at first he traveled around the world, and later found that his ideas were not supported by the rulers of the time, so he returned to his hometown to run a school, and used his virtue and wisdom to influence the world, using poetry, calligraphy, and etiquette to transform his customs, educate his people's hearts, listen to the sound of books, and sing songs everywhere. This is the highest level of "solitary goodness". When he is unable to influence and make a difference at the level of political power, he expands his moral influence through self-cultivation to improve himself and influence others. That is, to be kind to oneself, and to make the people around oneself good, is the best 'good' when you are poor, so I think that 'if you are poor, you will be good to yourself, and if you are good, you will help the world' is more appropriate, and you can be more self-denying and selfish, and the world will be benevolent! ”

After Cao Yi finished speaking, he first saluted Cheng Lao, and then sat down suddenly, and the others were still shocked by what Cao Yi said just now, and the audience was silent, changing the sages and sages without permission, he Cao Zhaozheng really dared!

**************