"Okay. It's just in time. ”

Lin Hanlong pointed to a half-assembled machine and said, "Surface grinder." It will be ready for a test run next week. ”

Qian Shuiting turned his head back and forth, comparing the surface grinder with the spherical grinder next to him, "It feels like the structure is very similar." ”

"It's basically the same design. However, the abrasive tool does plane movement, and this part is slightly different. ”

"You say it's for binoculars, for the Navy? I don't think it took until the Battle of Tsushima to start equipping binoculars, right? It's still very expensive. How much does your binoculars cost? ”

In response, Lin Hanlong walked to the workbench to the side, picked up a monocular, and handed it to Qian Shuiting. From a modern point of view, the workmanship of this telescope is rather crude. The lens barrel is shiny brass, but scratches left by processing can be found everywhere on the barrel. There is a protective ring on the eyepiece, and it looks like leather to the touch. Pulling the barrel back and forth doesn't have a noticeable blockage, but it's not very smooth either.

"This is the cheapest for the Army. To do one is five man-hours. Lin Hanlong smiled bitterly, "But it took a lot of money to get this bit of brass." No way, there is no more haode material than brass to make the lens barrel at the moment. ”

Qian Shuiting silently calculated. "Less than three dollars are in circulation, which is equivalent to a maximum of three cents of silver. If only this thing could be sold out, it would be crazy to sell it for fifty taels of silver. ”

"You can take it out. I have more haode. Lin Hanlong said and handed over a monocular.

This new telescope looks very different. Although the brass barrel is also full of scratches, it is relatively flat in shape, suitable for hand grip, and obviously has ergonomic considerations. There is a large knob in the middle of the lens barrel, and when you turn it, you can see that the lens barrel retracts on its own.

"It takes fifteen man-hours to do."

"Oh, it's so expensive. What are the benefits? ”

Lin Hanlong led Qian Shuiting out of a side door and pointed to the chimney in the distance for him to compare. In the light of a gas lamp, the bargain of five working hours could barely see the shape of the chimney in a cloud of shadows, the edges blurred. Fifteen hours of high-end products can clearly distinguish the brick joints on the chimney and the wisps of white smoke. The difference between the two is clear. "It's the same one we brought. Definitely great value for money. ”

Lin Hanlong shook his head: "The level is still very different. This is just a practice, in fact, no one wants it. ”

Lin Hanlong explained that the embarrassment of this kind of thing lies in whether it is not up or down. The Army likes cheap items because they can be massively supplied to Indigenous junior officers, scouts, and gunners, and loss and damage are not a problem. The Navy is bent on binoculars, and although the quality of monoculars is good, it is not good. As for the veteran officers, in any case, they have a few authentic military products brought by the old time and space, and the effect is naturally higher.

As for the price of binoculars, it took a week to polish the prism by hand and add silver plating, it took nearly a week to process the lens tube, and it took Lin Hanlong more than three days to assemble and adjust it with two people, and Zuihou got three finished products. Coupled with the cost of the lens, a binocular is more than 60 man-hours. However, this is the current manual trial production of man-hours, and when the surface grinder is turned on, the man-hours are expected to be greatly reduced after the lens barrel process is mature. On the other hand, non-combat ships of the Navy will not be equipped with binoculars. If there are veteran officers on the main battleship, there will also be telescopes brought by the old time and space. So what is really needed is only a part of the combat and patrol ships of the naturalized civilian personnel. Lin Hanlong estimated that a maximum of two hundred would be enough.

"That's the power of industry." Qian Shuiting sighed. Elsewhere on Shijie, the most primitive clairvoyant is also a high-end military product that is hard to come by. In Lingao, binoculars, which are nearly 300 years ahead of Shijie, are only a product with a maximum of 60 man-hours.

Putting the telescope down, Qian Shuiting put on his sunglasses again, and watched with great interest as Lin Hanlong demonstrated to him how to make aspheric lenses. This aspheric lens is, to put it bluntly, a drop of melted glass. Because of the surface tension, the melted glass will naturally form a curved surface. If it is a glass blank of the same diameter and weight, it can be expected that the surface formed by them after melting is basically the same. This method is suitable for making lenses with small diameters and small focal lengths, such as the objective lenses of microscopes. Historically, Leeuwenhoek used melted glass rods as objective lenses and made more than 100 microscopes. His jishu was lost after his death and was not rediscovered until more than a hundred years later. In Lin Hanlong's case, the blanks are cut off from the glass rods one by one, and after making sure they weigh the same, they are placed on a tin plate, and then heated and melted with a gas blowtorch. As long as the heat is well controlled, it is easy to make a highly consistent and smooth product.

After that, it only needs to be polished a little to make it a finished product.

Qian Shuiting suddenly asked excitedly: "Lao Lin, how about you make a color-changing mirror?" Taking it out must be fashionable and worth breaking the table. He looked at Lin Hanlong and smiled awkwardly, and asked abruptly. Busy asking what is the key to this.

The principle of the photochromic mirror is actually relatively simple, that is, fine particles of silver bromide and copper oxide are added to the lens glass. Silver bromide decomposes into bromine and silver under strong light, and becomes darker in color. In places with low light, copper oxide catalyzes the recombination of bromine and silver to become transparent. However, this is easier said than done, and now that there is no mass production of silver bromide, it is also difficult to turn solid chemicals into fine particles. So the photochromic mirror cannot be made yet. However, once the jishu of the daguerreotype was broken, the same process could be used to produce the necessary raw materials for changing lenses. At this stage, Lingao is not a big problem to make some colored sunglasses.

"If you can get natural crystals on a large scale, you can make brown sunglasses and the like." Lin Hanlong remembered that many of the crystals in Donghai County were brown.

Lin Hanlong said and led Qian Shuiting to a row of wooden shelves. The wooden shelves are full of boxes, and when you open them, there are piles of glass inside, of different colors and shapes. There is a table attached to the lid of the box, which is densely filled with data such as recipes and processing processes. All of these are samples made from glass raw materials that have been mass-produced and various minerals that can be obtained by Lingao.

"Oh, that's the recipe?"

Lin Hanlong smiled bitterly. "Nope. Such a match is basically a blind man touching an elephant, and he doesn't know the essentials. ”

He tossed with the veterans of the Ministry of Chemical Industry for almost a month, trying to prepare optical glass with a small crucible, but the zuihou effect was not good. Without quantitative analysis, the color of the glass produced is not only difficult to remove, but more importantly, each batch is different. Zuihou had no choice, so the executive committee approved a batch of selected samples with an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. This modern analytical device is a golden thigh-like artifact, figuring out the precise composition of the various elements in a sample in less than two hours. On this basis, referring to the optical glass process manual brought, the Ministry of Chemical Industry quickly came up with acceptable optical glass samples. It is now possible to make four or five grades of glass with relative confidence, including the most common crown and flint glass. However, the limited quantity of this batch of glass is a concern in the future.

Looking at the stunned Qian Shuiting, Lin Hanlong further explained that in order to ensure the consistency of the product, the Ministry of Chemical Industry specially set aside 20 tons of glass raw materials, which were sealed and stored for optical glass after crushing and stirring evenly, and the determination of the composition was also made on the samples of these 20 tons of raw materials.

Now the output of ordinary glass is very large, the original ore source has been dug up, and now the quartz sand produced in Changhua is used. The quality of Changhua's quartz sand is very good, but needless to say, the composition of the new product will not be exactly the same as before.

"However, when these twenty tons are used up, I estimate that it will be in the late second and fifth periods." Lin Hanlong said confidently, "When I am done with this section, I will make a Bunsen spectrometer, and then I will not have to rely entirely on modern equipment." ”

After taking a turn in the optical workshop, Qian Shuiting also had some interest. He was about to say goodbye when he saw Lin Hanlong pat his head, "Ah, your laser has been repaired, just to show you." ”

Lin Hanlong led Qian Shuiting out of the workshop, went around half a circle and walked a short distance. In front is a row of bungalows, but the doors and windows are closed in the summer. Lin Hanlong opened a door and motioned for Qian Shuiting to enter, and there was another door inside. Qian Shuiting noticed that the door was wrapped with thick insulation material. Lin Hanlong followed, closed the door behind him, and opened the door in front of him.

The room was dimly lit, but there was a cool air blowing in the face.

"In the optical assembly workshop, the temperature has been somewhat controlled." Lin Hanlong said. The walls are lavishly lined with bronze tubes.

"It's ground energy air conditioning. It has just been installed," Lin Hanlong explained on the side, saying that the use of air supply to cool down here can no longer meet the demand, and the use of ice will increase the humidity in the air, so the ground energy air conditioner has been specially installed.

The temperature control effect of ground energy air conditioner is remarkable, and it can maintain a relatively constant temperature regardless of winter and summer, and there is no problem of increasing air humidity, but it needs to consume a large amount of copper. Therefore, only a very small number of units in Lingao can install this kind of air conditioning.

The temperature control during assembly is mainly to prevent unnecessary errors caused by thermal expansion and cold contraction. Although many of the optical equipment made by Lingao now do not require high precision, Lin Hanlong has always believed that it is much better to be strict at the beginning than to tighten it again in the future.

Qian Shuiting noticed that there were several workers in the room who were concentrating on operating the instruments, so he didn't make any more noise, and followed Lin Hanlong to quietly bypass a few workbenches and enter another room. There was no one else in the room, except for a few workbenches with some instruments that were clearly brought by the Travelers. Lin Hanlong walked to a workbench with a vise on the top and a cylindrical object clamped. He reached out and flicked it, and a red spot of light hit the wall in the distance. Lin Hanlong motioned for Qian Shuiting to walk in front of the light spot, and pointed: "The light spot is five meters away, and the error will not exceed one millimeter." ”

Qian Shuiting leaned over to look at the light spot, which happened to hit the center of a small cross wire. He nodded.

Lin Hanlong walked back to the workbench, turned off the laser, took it off the vise, and handed it to Qian Shuiting. "The epoxy resin of the day before yesterday should be completely dry by now."

Qian Shuiting thanked him busily. This small laser is Qian Shuixie's laser pistol sight, which accidentally fell from a high place and hit a stone during training a few days ago. The shell is flattened, and the laser is no longer collimated. Now the shell seems to have been fully restored, and the laser seems to be accurate.

"One thing, this thing is heavier than before." Lin Hanlong picked up a broken part on the table. "Your center-positioning taper sleeve is made of engineering plastic, and it has been cracked. I took copper and made one for you, and the effect is the same, but heavier. ”

Qian Shuiting suddenly remembered, "You said epoxy resin?" Isn't that the modern product we brought? ”

Lin Hanlong snorted. "Yes. But this thing has a vain expiration date, and it will be scrapped if it is left alone. ”

Qian Shuiting took the sight, threw it in the palm of his hand, and put it in his pocket. Then take your leave. On the way to send him out of the assembly workshop, Lin Hanlong met a naturalized migrant worker who turned to him with a pleading look. Lin Hanlong nodded at the worker, and then opened the door to send Qian Shuiting out.

Qian Shuiting felt that his trip was not in vain. It not only deepened his friendship in the Jishu house, but also had a deeper understanding of optics. He said to Lin Hanlong with great ambition: "Old Lin! If you can afford it, you will elect me as the speaker. To be honest, although I did, I had no bottom in my heart. But since I'm a Qian, I have to do something for everyone. You can rest assured, I will take action in the near future to speak for our front-line veterans and let everyone see the importance of our people. ”

Lin Hanlong nodded. "Then wait for the good news."

After sending Qian Shuiting away, Lin Hanlong returned to the assembly workshop. The worker who asked for help just now was operating a knife edge meter to inspect the lens that had just been grinded, and it seemed that the result was not accurate. Lin Hanlong sat down, leaned over to the edge of the knife and looked at it, stretched out his hand and turned the turntable in front of the knife, looked at it again, and then pulled the edge of the knife left and right.

"You're a void light. The hole is too big, and the reflection is too strong, so it looks bright and bright, and the real image is obscured. Lin Hanlong looked up at the workers. Adjust it like this, and you can see it by changing it to a small pinhole. ”

Seeing that the workers seemed to understand whether they understood what was wrong or not, Lin Hanlong sighed secretly in his heart. Originally, he wanted to explain the principle of the knife edge meter, but no matter how he explained it, it seemed impossible to make the workers who had held hoes all their lives and were still attending literacy classes understand the principles of physical optics. It can only be that they slowly accumulate experience in practice, and hope that they will be able to make fewer low-level mistakes in the future.

Lin Hanlong waited for a while, watched the indigenous workers operate, and only walked away after confirming that the other party had done it. He paced to the other end of the room, where someone was assembling the telescope. He stood behind the fitter for a moment, then patted his shoulder to get out of the way. He sat down and glanced at the starlight mirror in the distance. The brightness of the sodium yellow gas lamp is very good, and there is no problem with the light spots coming out of the starlight mirror. The lenses of the telescope were glued to the brass mounting ring, and he reached out and turned the ring, carefully observing the light refracted from the lens. After a few turns, he turned back to the fitter and asked, "What do you think?" ”

"Report Chief! I think it's going to have to be sharpened a little more here! The middle-aged assembler reached over from the side and pointed to one marked spot on the ring.

Lin Hanlong snorted and nodded to let him continue working. Nowadays, there is a lack of precision machining methods that can be mass-produced, and there is no good adhesive or adjusting screw, and the only way to do optical assembly is to develop and match. In other words, the mechanical parts used for installation are trimmed with files, whetstones, and sandpaper to achieve as much precision as possible. Needless to say, this is inefficient and the parts are not interchangeable, but it is still many times better than other places in Shijie where the principles of optics are still being explored.

Coming out of the assembly workshop, Lin Hanlong returned to his office to drink a few sips of tea, and then went out to the workshop to inspect a few laps. Time passed quickly, and it was 11 p.m. all at once. It's time to take a break for lunch. Lin Hanlong whispered a few words to his apprentice, who hurriedly ran to the workshop supervisor on duty

Biting his ear. Lin Hanlong stood by a grinder and took out his watch.

Dangdang, Dangdang!

The bell suddenly rang in the workshop, and it was the workshop supervisor who was ringing the emergency bell. The different bells represent different meanings, and the two short bells are fire alarms.

The workers in the workshop turned their heads and ears. Fire alarm! It's a fire alarm! Everyone pulled down the parking wrench of the machine, took a quick inventory, and began to walk outside. Lin Hanlong stopped the workers who wanted to turn off the grinder.

"It's a drill. Don't move this machine, let it run. The worker agreed, bowed and went out.

Within a minute, all the machines and equipment in the workshop stopped, and the people were almost gone. The workshop supervisor took two people around the workshop, and Zuihou walked to Lin Hanlong's side.

"Chief! The people are all gone, and all the places have been checked in accordance with the regulations, and they are all in place! ”

Lin Hanlong nodded with satisfaction: "One minute and twenty seconds, it's not bad." Go out and count the heads. ”

Outside the workshop, all the indigenous workers were already lined up. The team leaders on duty reported the number of people to the supervisor, and the supervisor reported to Lin Hanlong that all the staff had arrived.

Lin Hanlong waved his hand: "You did a good job today, let's eat." ”

There were already a few people waiting outside the door of the workshop with food boxes and two pairs of burdens. They all wore a bamboo sign pass around their necks with a rope. Hearing that Lin Hanlong let go of the meal, they immediately unloaded a pair of burdens. On one side of the burden is a large rice bucket, and on the other side are two layers of smaller vegetable buckets, stacked like steaming drawers. They set up a small wooden table, put the bucket on the table, put the bucket aside, and set the spoon and spoon on the table. Another pair of burdens was unloaded and arranged, with a bucket of soup on one side and layers of small drawers on the other side like a tool cabinet of later generations. All utensils that come into direct contact with food are made of tin or galvanized iron sheet and are fitted with lids to ensure full hygiene.