"The so-called iron and steel of the world's wrought iron, with soft iron bending plate, is trapped in the middle of the pig iron, mud sealing, forging into the same, called "group steel", also known as "filling steel". ”

？？？

That's it?

, what's the use of this Nima, Liu Ximing slapped "Mengxi Pen Talk" on the table, which is also to memorize the principle of the steel filling method, and the specific utensils used and how to manufacture them were not written, so where did he go to copy.

It's a pity that "Heavenly Creations", which records more advanced technology, has not yet been published, otherwise why would he be so annoyed, and I don't know where Comrade Song Yingxing is now, otherwise he would have been arrested by kidnapping tickets.

There was no way, Liu Ximing could only gather his head full of tofu scum and think about it vigorously to see if he could recall the modern steelmaking method as a reference.

He took out a piece of paper and thought about it, and wrote a drawing record: "The difference in the performance of steel lies in the carbon content in it, so there are several classifications of low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, and high carbon steel. Iron is further divided into pig iron and wrought iron, pig iron should be iron with high carbon content, and pig iron is characterized by brittle and hard. The properties of steel are similar to that of iron, but better than iron, so high-carbon steel should also have the characteristics of hardness, and this high-carbon steel should be used as tool steel for machine tools and so on. Conversely, medium carbon steel and low carbon steel should gradually decrease in hardness and gradually increase in flexibility and plasticity. ”

Straightening out this point, Liu Ximing gradually opened his mind and continued to reason excitedly: "The first step in steelmaking is to make iron, and use a blast furnace to mix iron ore and charcoal and other fires to finally produce pig iron. Then steelmaking should directly use pig iron as raw material, and remove excessive sulfur, phosphorus, carbon and other elements in pig iron through re-calcination, while controlling the carbon content in a reasonable proportion. The steel filling method of the ancients was to mix and calcine pig iron with high carbon content and wrought iron with low carbon content to finally produce steel with suitable carbon content. ”

Biting the pen and thinking about it, Liu Ximing continued to go deeper on the key points:

"There are three key points in this, one is the steel-making utensils, there should be a blast furnace for steelmaking and a container for molten steel, I remember that the picture of steelmaking on TV in the past is a big jar pouring molten steel out, I don't know what this jar is made of in modern times, but at this time I can make a big crucible, the crucible is mainly made of refractory materials such as kaolin, this can be found everywhere."

"The second key point is how to remove carbon, sulfur, phosphorus and other impurities in iron, the easiest way should be oxidation reaction, direct introduction of oxygen should be able to turn carbon and sulfur into oxides, now there is no pure oxygen can also try to use air directly. As for phosphorus, most of its forms of existence are phosphorylated iron, and the chemical formula of quicklime seems to be calcium oxide, which is unstable in nature, plus hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, and boron...... Calcium argon potassium sulfide chloride, calcium is discharged in front of iron, which should be used to replace iron to form calcium phosphate. ”

"The third key point is fuel, the ancients usually used charcoal, but the heat energy of charcoal is limited, resulting in the temperature of steelmaking is not high, and the impurities in it can not be better oxidized. You can use coke to make your own steel, which is produced by dry distillation of coal, and modern steelmaking uses it as fuel, and the quality of the steel will be better. ”

As for the technical details such as how to control the carbon content in the steel, it can only be known through many tests.

But finally reasoned out the steelmaking process, Liu Ximing sat in the room and danced excitedly, this is the method we reasoned out by ourselves, Ge Laozi, knowledge is like this.

He hurriedly brought the Longxiang team and Zhou Jiang and other craftsmen over, and carefully explained his reasoning to everyone, Zhou Jiang and others were illiterate, of course, they were confused, Yu Yongkai and others had learned a little physics and chemistry from Liu Ximing, and had a vague impression of steelmaking.

Liu Ximing didn't care if they could understand it or not, calling them here was to let them have a long experience, and if they heard a lot of these things, they would always be useful in the future.

Pig iron used as a raw material for steelmaking is easy to find, and several super-large iron mines in Liangshan and Panzhihua areas of Sichuan have not been discovered at this time, but many small iron mines have been opened in Jiangyou, Shehong, Zitong, Hechuan and other places in Sichuan, so there is no shortage of merchants who resell pig iron.

It's just that the price of iron is really fucking expensive, asking for a hundred wen a catty, this is because there is no large-scale war in Sichuan, and places like the Central Plains have doubled.

Coal and quicklime had been ordered for cement before, and only a few more orders were needed in the future. Liu Ximing and a few people took a long circle around the hills near the village, and although they did not find kaolin, an excellent refractory material, they found some high-quality clay as a substitute.

But it's easy to say, but it's easy to do, in a month, either the blast furnace in the workshop collapsed, or the crucible broke again, so tossed a few times, and finally relied on the collective efforts of the crowd, and finally modified and supplemented the plan that Liu Ximing thought of.

By mid-July, a small factory had been built near the river in the village, and the blast furnace and crucible had been completed.

Considering that the blower needs a certain pressure, Liu Ximing also used the water discharge invented in ancient China to make a hydraulic blower, and then put quicklime into the blast furnace from the feeding port as a reducing agent, and finally directly flow into the crucible from the reserved outlet, so that the refined steel is molten steel.

Of course, if you want to train real steel, you have to constantly explore additives and other formulas, relying on the habits developed in later generations, Liu Ximing arranged for the people of the Longxiang team to take turns to record the various data of each steelmaking, and then analyze the optimal steelmaking formula according to the data. After testing more than a dozen furnaces and scrapping hundreds of catties of pig iron, I finally found a relatively stable steelmaking formula.

On July 17th, everyone in the Liu family waited by the blast furnace early, and today is the day when the steel is refined according to the latest formula.

"It's out!"

When puffs of brown gas began to bubble out of the crucible, everyone in the dragon team cheered.

Zhou Jiang and several craftsmen hurriedly stepped forward to carefully lift the crucible with iron chains, and then poured the molten steel in the crucible into the mold.

In order to test the performance of the steel, several blacksmiths take it out after the molten steel solidifies, and one by one they take turns bare-chested, hammering the steel block into a knife, with a "boom" sound, the steel knife is quenched in the urine, and then returned to the furnace for a tempering, the whole knife is formed.

"When"

Liu Ximing took the steel knife and looked at it gently, a crisp sound sounded, and he smiled and said to everyone: "Is it good, good is good steel." ”

Everyone in the room looked at each other, and they all showed embarrassed and polite smiles, which made Comrade Liu boring.

"Ahem, let's try the knife."

Wei Jingguo is big, and he will complete the test knife, only to see him pick up the steel knife and make enough strength to cut it on his waist knife, "dang", after a crisp sound, Wei Jingguo's original waist knife was cut in two.

Hahaha, Liu Ximing rushed forward excitedly, carefully observed the blade of the steel knife, and found that there was only a small gap on it, and immediately cheered: "It's successful, let's practice steel." ”

"Hooray!"

Liu Ximing grabbed Li Biao's hands beside him and raised them all at once.

"Hooray!"

Thunderous cheers suddenly sounded in the factory.

"Congratulations, young master, this is the best steel I have ever seen, we have done so many tests, and the test is finally not in vain. This is really an immortal spell, I have never seen so much steel at one time. Zhou Jiang couldn't close his mouth with a smile, and the corners of his mouth were about to open to his eyes.

"Where, where, third in the world." Liu Ximing couldn't help but shudder.

Fortunately, his brain has not been kicked by a donkey, after all, Zhou Jiang and the others came from a small place, and they have never seen good steel, and the steel furnace practiced in the workshop is the best steel in the world in their eyes.

Liu Ximing compared the steel seen in later generations with the steel in front of him, and knew that the difference between the two was not a little bit, even if it was compared with the best steel of this era, there should be some gaps.

There is no way, the steelmaking technology has just been opened at the moment, there must be a lot of imperfections, and there are still many deficiencies in the process, which can only be left for slow improvement in the future. Fortunately, I have hundreds of years of knowledge and my own guidance, as long as I recruit some potential blacksmiths, I may not be able to greatly accelerate the speed of innovation in steelmaking technology.

Steel is the foundation of modern civilization, and now this workshop is estimated to produce only about a dozen tons a year at most, and when it produces millions or tens of millions of tons a year, hehehe.