In late July 1894, the Chinese and Japanese armies fought in Korea, and the Qing army was attacked by the Japanese army on the sea of Toshima, and was soon attacked by the Japanese army on the land. The Yi Army led five battalions and one team with Ma Yukun, the chief soldier of Taiyuan Town, and the general soldier Wei Rugui and Sheng Army of Hezhou Town, as well as Fengzi training and Shengzi training in Fengtian, forming 29 battalions of the four major armies. 13,526 people, who entered the court in August. In Pyongyang, he joined Ye Zhichao and Nie Shicheng, who had retreated from Asan. The imperial court appointed Ye Zhichao as the president of the armed forces stationed in Pyongyang. By the end of August, the Qing army had built 27 forts in the four districts of Pyongyang's inner city, middle city, outer city and northeast city.

The Battle of Pyongyang was the first large-scale battle between the two armies, with 35 battalions of Qing troops stationed in Pyongyang, 15,000 men; The Japanese army attacking Pyongyang was more than 16,000 people. Although North Korea was forcibly pulled to the Japanese camp, North Korea's Pyongan Dao observation made Min Bingzheng actively assist the Qing army in the battle, and Li Gang, the king of the courtyard, should secretly pass on information to the Qing army. The Qing army did not make full use of these advantages, resulting in an unfavorable situation for the Qing army. The Japanese soldiers besieged Pyongyang in four directions, and the troops were scattered, because Li Hongzhang first set the situation and then tried to attack, and the Qing general Ye Zhichao was timid and stupid, and Zuo Guigui and others were repeatedly obstructed by Ye Zhichao in attacking the Japanese army, and the Japanese army successfully completed the encirclement of Pyongyang. On September 15, 1894, the battle was fought in three battlefields at the same time, one of which was the battlefield on the south bank of the Datong River; The second is the battlefield outside the Xuanwu Gate, and the third is the battlefield in the southwest of the city. On the battlefield on the south bank of the Datong River, at 3 o'clock in the morning, the 9th Mixed Brigade of the Japanese Army, under the command of Major General Yoshimasa Oshima, first launched an attack on the Qing army on the south bank of the Datong River. The commanders of the Japanese center and right teams, Tian Xiushan Nakasa and Nishijima Sukeyoshi Nakasa, desperately supervised the battle and captured the fortresses on the left and right flanks, and then were pinned by the infantry and artillery of the Qing army, and suffered heavy losses. Xuanwu Gate was the main direction of attack of the Japanese army, so it concentrated superior forces. The 10th Brigade of Major General Tatsumi Naowen and the 10th Wing of Sato Shodasa served as the main attack, and the general soldier of Gaozhou Town, Zuo Guigui, ascended to the command of Xuanwu Gate, and in the fierce battle, Zuo Guigui was killed by a cannon, and three of his subordinate battalion officers were killed one after another. At two o'clock in the afternoon, the Xuanwu Gate was captured by the Japanese army, and the Japanese army advanced into the city, but was resisted by the Qing army, so they had to retreat to the Xuanwu Gate. In the battlefield southwest of the city, Nozu Michiguan led the Japanese 5th Division to cover the infantry charge from the southwest city of Pyongyang at 7 o'clock in the morning, and the Qing army horse team counterattacked. At this time, President Ye Zhichao saw that the battle situation was stalemate, so he put up a white flag at 4 o'clock in the afternoon to stop the resistance and ordered the whole army to retreat. On a rainy night, the retreating Qing army was ambushed, and the formation was in chaos, with 2,000 dead and more than 500 captured. The Battle of Pyongyang ended with the defeat of the Qing army, and in the next six days, the Qing army ran 500 miles, fled all the way to the Yalu River, and crossed the Yalu River to return home on the 21st. The Japanese army marched all the way and occupied the entire territory of Korea.

On September 17, 1894, three days after the fall of Pyongyang, the Japanese Combined Fleet provoked a fierce naval battle in the Yellow Sea near Dadonggou at the mouth of the Yalu River. On the morning of September 15, the Beiyang Naval Division escorted more than 4,000 reinforcements to North Korea. The Japanese Navy has 12 warships in battle off the Daito River, including all of them. After the battle began at noon, the Beiyang Fleet created the Japanese ships Hiei, Akagi, and Nishikyo Maru, but the two ships of the Beiyang Fleet, Yang Wei and Chaoyong, were also heavily damaged. On September 15, 1894, the main force of the Beiyang Fleet, including 10 warships and 8 auxiliary ships, arrived at Dalian Bay under the leadership of Ding Ruchang. At 1 o'clock in the morning, 4,000 people from 10 battalions of the Ming Army took five troop carriers and marched towards Dadonggou on the Yalu River. At noon, the fleet arrived at Dadonggou, and by the next morning, all the troops had landed. At 8 a.m. on 17 September, the troop carrier was picked up. At 9 o'clock, the flagship of the Beiyang Navy Division Dingyuan hoisted the dragon flag and began to return. At 10:23 a.m., the No. 1 Guerrilla Group of the Japanese Combined Fleet took the lead in discovering the Beiyang Naval Division and hoisted the signal flag that had found more than three enemy ships in the northeast direction. At 10:30, the sentry on the mast of the Zhenyuan ship of the Beiyang Navy Division saw a few clusters of black smoke on the surface of the southwest sea and spotted the Japanese fleet. Ding Ruchang immediately ordered all ships to raise fire, live ammunition, and prepare for battle. At 12:05, the Beiyang Naval Division changed from a double vertical formation to a horizontal formation in the middle of the process, with the flagship Dingyuan in the center, and the rest of the ships deployed in turn to the left and right, and the fleet was in a wedge-shaped echelon. At the same time, Ding Ruchang issued an order, saying: "All squads must act in concert, always facing the enemy with the bow of the ship, and the ships must be within the range of possibility, and then move with the flagship." At 12:50, the fleets of the two sides were 5,300 meters apart, and the Dingyuan ship, the flagship of the Beiyang Naval Division, opened fire first. The 1st Guerrilla Force of the Combined Fleet turned to the left 5,000 meters away from the Beiyang Naval Division and sailed to the right flank of the Beiyang Naval Division. The combined fleet then sailed to the right flank of the Beiyang Naval Division, risking exposing the fleet to the front of the Beiyang Naval Division. Ten seconds later, the Zhenyuan ship also fired shells, and immediately after, the ships of the Beiyang Fleet fired artillery bombardment together. It was only three minutes later that the Japanese flagship, Matsushima, began to return fire. At 12:53, Songdao, the flagship of the combined fleet, began to fire back with artillery, the main mast of the Dingyuan ship was shot, the signal rigging was destroyed by artillery fire, and Ding Ruchang, who was supervising the battle on the flying bridge, was seriously wounded. Soon after the battle began, the Dingyuan ship, the flagship of the Beiyang Fleet, was launched for 12 years and had not been repaired for 7 years, the main gun turret caught fire, Ding Ruchang was burned, and the signal flag was destroyed. Ding Ruchang refused to be carried into the inner cabin by his entourage, and insisted on sitting on the deck to supervise the battle. The 4th ships of the 1st Japanese Guerrilla Force took advantage of their speed to attack the two ships Chao Yong and Yang Wei on the right flank of the Beiyang Fleet, but they were hit and caught fire one after another, and withdrew from the battle. The Japanese fleet Yoshino was also hit by the Hokuyo Fleet and caught fire, but was quickly extinguished. At 13:30, Chao Yong sank, Huang Jianxun fell into the water, the first ** ship on the left sailed in to rescue, threw out a long rope, Huang Jianxun did not follow, died calmly, and most of the officers and soldiers on the ship also died heroically.

When the Japanese No. 1 Guerrilla Force circled the right flank of the Beiyang Fleet, this team also attacked with the Beiyang Fleet, and the Japanese ships Hiei, Akagi, Fuso, and Saikyo Maru were intercepted by the Beiyang Fleet, and the Japanese warships Hiei and Akagi were severely damaged by Dingyuan, Laiyuan, and Jingyuan, and Akagi Captain Sakamoto Yataro was killed, and the Saikyo Maru was also heavily damaged. At about 14:15, the Japanese fleet circled behind the Beiyang Fleet and formed a flanking attack with the First Guerrilla Force. The Beiyang Fleet was attacked by the enemy, and the formation was even more chaotic. In the chaos, the Zhiyuan ship, which had been rushing to the front of the Beiyang Fleet, was bombarded by Yoshino, Takachiho and others, and was injured in many places, and the hull was tilted. Ito ordered the First Guerrilla Force to rescue Akagi and Hiei, and the Yoshino rushed to the front and encountered the Zhiyuan ship that was on fire. Deng Shichang saw that the Yoshino ships were strong and unscrupulous, and said angrily: "If the Japanese ships are dedicated to Yoshino, and the ships are sunk, then our army can gather things," and decided to collide with them and die together. Deng Shichang resolutely rammed into the starboard side of the Japanese capital ship Yoshino at full speed. The Japanese officers and men were shocked when they saw this, and concentrated their artillery fire on Zhiyuan, and the ** launch tube on the right side of Zhiyuan's side was hit, causing a big explosion. At 3:30, it tilted on the starboard side and sank in the Yellow Sea at 123 degrees 34 minutes east longitude and 39 degrees 32 minutes north latitude.

Jingyuan continued to meet the enemy Yoshino, but was besieged by four ships, Yoshino, Naniwa, Akitsuzu, and Takachiaki, and was shot and caught fire. The officers and men of the whole ship fought bravely, and the officers and men of the whole ship fired cannons to attack the enemy and rushed water to fight the fire, and they were still in good order. Jingyuan fought for a long time with one enemy and four enemies. In the fierce battle, Lin Yongsheng, the pipe band, unfortunately hit a shell and died of a split brain, and Chen Rong, the first mate of the band, and Chen Jingying, the second officer, were also killed by the cannon. Finally, under the siege of Naniwa, Yoshino, Akitsuzhou, and Takachiaki, the ship was full of guns, and soon, the port bow sank into the water, and at 123 degrees 40 minutes and 7 seconds east longitude, 39 degrees 51 minutes north latitude, the bow of the ship turned east, and the port side capsized and sank, and the whole ship had more than 200 officers and men, 60 people were rescued at the beginning, and the rest were all killed.

After Jingyuan sank, Jiyuan took Fang Boqian and Guangjia took Wu Jingrong and escaped. Jing Yuan and Lai Yuan withdrew from the battle due to too many bullets and took refuge near Oshikashima to urgently repair the damaged machine.

The two ships of Dingyuan and Zhenyuan fought bloodily, and were hit by many bullets, and caught fire several times. At 3:30 p.m., the 30.5-centimeter cannon of the Zhenyuan ship hit the flagship Matsushima twice in a row, and after the No. 4 turret on the rear deck of Matsushima was shot, the flames detonated **, and a large explosion occurred. Matsushima's shaft tilted 5 degrees, white smoke rose and a fire broke out. Soon after, Jingyuan and Laiyuan completed the repair and returned to the battle, the Japanese warships Akagi, Hiei, and Saikyo Maru were wounded, the situation of the flagship Matsushima was not optimistic, Yoshino and Fuso were also wounded, and the Beiyang Fleet was regrouped. Ito ordered to withdraw from the battlefield at around 17:40, and the Beiyang Fleet pursued it for a while, and also returned to Lushun. In this battle, although the Beiyang Naval Division suffered heavy losses, it was not completely defeated, but in order to preserve its strength, Li Hongzhang ordered the Beiyang Fleet to hide in Weihaiwei Harbor and was not allowed to patrol the sea to meet the enemy, and Japan obtained the right to control the Yellow Sea.

The Qing court estimated that the Japanese army would take advantage of the victory to invade the Liaodong Peninsula, and ordered Li Hongzhang to quickly plan for the battle. According to the reports of various countries, Li Hongzhang proposed that the only way to prevent the Bohai Sea from consolidating the Panyu of Gyeonggi and to protect Shenyang with the strength of Gudong Province was to concentrate on the Japanese people, and then to gather troops and then try to make a big move to restore the land of Korea. The Qing court concentrated its forces to strengthen the defense of the Liaodong Peninsula area, and ordered Song Qing, the governor of Sichuan, to be the assistant of the Beiyang military affairs and the president of the former enemy's armies, and quickly recruited 30 battalions, which will be assembled on the right bank of the Yalu River near Jiulian City, 81 battalions and 5 outposts, Fengjun and Jingbian Army, Luyu Defense Army, Renzi Huyong, Shengzi Training, Jizi Training, Qizi Training, Zhenbian Army, etc., totaling 30,400 Qing troops, divided into left and right defense lines, forming a defense line of the Yalu River from Sudian and Changdian River estuary in the east, to Dadonggou and Changgu Mountain in the west, and dozens of miles of Mianheng. While garrisoning the Yalu River defense line with heavy troops, the Qing Dynasty successively transferred troops from various places to enrich the second defense line from Shanhaiguan to Fengtian and Yingkou. The Battle of the Yalu River began on October 24 and was the first battle of the Qing army in the face of Japanese attacks, with about 28,000 Qing troops deployed on the north bank of the Yalu River. The Qing court ordered Song Qing to be the president of the armies and to control the armies. The Japanese offensive force was the First Army under the command of General Aritomo Yamayama, including the 3rd Division of Lieutenant General Katsura Taro and the 5th Division of Lieutenant General Michikan Nozu, with a total of 30,000 men. Although Song Qing had the reputation of controlling the armies, the Qing troops from all walks of life actually refused to accept the dispatch, and Pyongyang was newly defeated, morale was low, and most of the generals had no determination to resist the enemy. The Japanese army was highly morale and ambitious. The Japanese side issued the "Open and Honest Advice to the Heroes of the Eighteen Provinces" drafted by the spy Kotaro Munakata, launching a political offensive against the Manchus, threatening to attack Beijing and make the Qing emperor surrender. The Japanese army successfully crossed the river by swimming at the mouth of the Anping River upstream of Jiulian City. That night, the Japanese army erected a pontoon bridge over the Yalu River near Hushan, and the Qing army was unaware. At 6 o'clock in the morning of October 25, the Japanese army crossed the pontoon bridge and launched an attack on the position of the Qing army in Hushan. The Qing garrison generals Ma Jinxu and Nie Shicheng led their troops to resist and were forced to withdraw from their positions due to the situation and heavy casualties, and the Japanese army occupied Hushan. Other Qing army units heard that Hushan had fallen and fled without a fight. On the 26th, the Japanese army occupied Jiulian City and Andong County without firing a single shot, and the defense line of the Yalu River, which was garrisoned by nearly 30,000 heavy troops of the Qing court, collapsed.

In late 1894, when the Japanese army crossed the defense line of the Yalu River and occupied Jiuliancheng, Andong County, Dadonggou, Phoenix, Kuandian, and Shanyouyan, Song Qing Fengzhao led the Yi Army and the Ming Army to return to Lushun, and the border army of Yiketanga Town was stationed in the area of Saimaji and Caohe City, and the Luyu Defense Army, Sheng Army, Feng Army and Renzi Huyong led by Nie Shicheng, the governor of Zhili, guarded Motianling and blocked the Japanese army. The two armies of Nie Shicheng and Yiketanga also gathered 20 battalions of troops in Tongyuan Fort, and the troops were divided into two ways to counterattack Phoenix City, and the other route was Shoushanling to lead the troops on the edge of the town, and Yongshan to lead the horse team, and made a detour to attack the northeast of Phoenix City by blocking the border gate. On the same day that the Japanese First Army attacked the Yalu River, 25,000 men of the Second Army under the command of General Oyama Iwa, under the cover of Japanese ships, began to land at Huayuankou on the Lushun Hou Road. Because Li Hongzhang was bent on protecting Port Arthur, the Qing army did not fortify here. The Japanese landing lasted 20 days, and the Qing army sat idly by, and only the local peasants spontaneously resisted the Japanese army, temporarily delaying the Japanese army's movement. On November 6, the Japanese army defeated the Qing army Lianshun and Xu Bangdao and occupied Jinzhou. On the 7th, the Japanese army attacked Dalian Bay in three ways, and Zhao Huaiye, the defender of Dalian, fled when he heard the news, and the Japanese army won Dalian Bay without a fight. The Japanese army rested in Dalian Bay for ten days and began to press towards Lushun. The Qing army in the Lushun area had seven commanders, and the Taoist Gong Zhaoyu was the general office of the former enemy's battalion office, known as the hidden commander, with a total of 33 battalions and about 13,000 people. On the 14th, the Japanese army sent two letters of persuasion to the Lushun garrison through Qing prisoners, but they were sternly refused. On the 18th, the Japanese forward army attacked Tuchengzi, and Xu Bangdao's Gong Guards stubbornly resisted. The next day, Gong Zhaoyu ignored the army and fled to Yantai by ** boat. On the 19th, Huang Shilin, Zhao Huaiye, and Wei Rucheng absconded after taking the lead. On November 21, 1894, the Japanese army launched a general attack on the mouth of Arthur, and the next day, Lushun fell into the hands of the Japanese. After the Japanese army captured Lushun, it immediately created the Lushun Massacre, which slaughtered Chinese residents in four days, and the highest estimate of the victims reached more than 20,000. With the defeat of the Qing army, within the Qing court, the main peace faction has gained the upper hand and has carried out surrender activities on a large scale. After the fall of Lushunkou, the Japanese Navy gained an important base in Bohai Bay, and from then on, the gateway to Beiyang was opened, and the Beiyang Fleet was hidden in Weihaiwei Harbor, and the war situation took a sharp turn for the worse. (This article makes use of ancient art of war formations, such as "The Art of War", "Sun Bin's Art of War", "Wu Zi", "Taibai Yin Jing" and Qi Jiguang's "Actual Record of Military Training" and then combined with the historical background)