Lu Zuqian and Zhu Xi studied under Hu Xian together, and the two were very good friends, and Lu Zuqian was also good friends with Lu Jiuyuan.

The famous 'Goose Lake Meeting' in Confucianism was promoted by Lu Zuqian.

Lu Zuqian admired Zhu Xi's knowledge very much, and once praised Zhu Xi's knowledge in detail, which is very measurable, to the effect that Zhu Xi's knowledge is unfathomable, like a sweeping monk.

However, Zhu Xi has reservations about Lu Zuqian.

The student asked Zhu Xi how he was talking about 'Donglai's learning', and he said that this old friend was 'very careful about history, but he didn't pay much attention to the scriptures'.

Once Zhu Xi heard that Lu Zuqian persuaded his disciples to read history.

Zhu Xi was very unhappy and said something to the effect that I never dared to persuade people to read history, nor did I dare to persuade people to read the scriptures, even the "Analects" and "Mencius" did not dare to teach him to read, I taught him to start learning from the "University". This old friend of mine recommended Shi Ji and Zuo Chuan to his students all day long, which was easy to mislead beginners and make them think that Confucius and Sima Qian were the same size.

Zhu Xi's words not only criticized Lu Zuqian, but also expounded the essence of his own science.

First university, then Analects, Mencius, after studying the four books, then the Five Classics, and finally reading history.

From shallow to deep, from detailed to practical, this is where the foundation of science is seen.

Therefore, science advocates gradual progress, if a reader reads a book like Shiji, and the teacher sees it, he will directly knock the book on his head and ask, have you read the four books thoroughly? Have you read the Pentateuch thoroughly? If you haven't read it thoroughly, what history books do you read?

It's like now that your parents say that you haven't finished your homework, what extracurricular books do you read?

But on the contrary, Confucianism's cultivation of the Son of Heaven is both scripture and history.

Lin Yanchao, who has served as a lecturer in the past, knows that every day, one lecturer teaches the scriptures, and the other lecturer teaches history, because this is the study of the emperor.

Why can't ordinary people receive this kind of education? First, there was no one to guide me, just looking at the historical books to remember the characters, place names, and stories, I don't know what he told. The second is that it is easy to learn badly, and many loyal ministers do not learn and go to learn from traitorous ministers. Third, it is very difficult to integrate the scriptures and meanings into historical books, and this is not something that ordinary teachers can do. It would be good for a folk teacher to be able to understand the scriptures.

Therefore, the imperial court believed that science was more relevant to civilian education, and the application of economics was to elite education.

This is where the original intention of science lies, and it is also the reason why science can be carried forward, and it is not possible to be a talent who can be used in the world, but at least he is a good person, and it is enough for ordinary people to do so, which is the real mass line.

But in the Ming Dynasty, this point was crooked.

Many people who read books only hold on to the scriptures and meanings, but do not know historiography, or even abandon historiography. For example, Zhao Yongxian and Ji Daotong are well-educated, and they all think that it is enough to read through the Four Books and Five Classics.

Even Ji Daotong even abandoned speculation, science is not the study of the mind, and the foundation lies in 'learning from things'.

The method of learning with heart, Zen and enlightenment, but externally claiming to be science, inside and outside, the essence of both sides has not been obtained.

Lin Yanchao's sarcasm made Ji Daotong very unhappy.

What am I teaching you? That's right, you Lin Yanchao is a three-yuan and first, but I'm also a common man, so you can't look down on people like this.

Ji Daotong said: "Please also ask Master Lin to explain how to think from the historical books?" How not to go astray. ”

Lin Yanchao said: "Okay, then may I ask Brother Ji to read the historical records?" ”

Although Ji Daotong is a common man, he has the heart to be a Japanese lecturer, and as a Japanese lecturer, he must take into account history, so as to teach the study of the emperor, so he has dabbled in historical records.

Ji Daotong said negatively: "Of course I have read it." ”

At this time, Zhang Wei, the master of the academy, said with a smile: "Bachelor Lin was a lecturer in the day, and the Son of Heaven praised what he said every day. Today, taking advantage of the time of the House meeting, you might as well listen to how Master Lin talks about history, which can be regarded as an increase in knowledge. ”

Everyone nodded when they heard this, who didn't know that Lin Yanchao was deeply appreciated by the Son of Heaven when he was a Japanese official. For a piece of historical data, how to tell the application of the world is the study of the emperor, everyone must learn, and they will be able to use it when they serve as Japanese lecturers in the future.

Lin Yanchao thanked Zhang Wei, and then said to Ji Daotong: "Please Ji Shu often choose one from any historical records!" ”

What a big breath, choose any one!

All Hanlin muttered from the bottom of their hearts, every time Hanlin lectured every day, he had to prepare for classes in advance, so that he could talk about history with the Son of Heaven, such as Lin Yanchao, who took the exam with you, is this the legendary 'art master bold'.

Ji Daotong was also a little uncontrollable, but he thought that Lin Sanyuan was a great master of Confucianism, and he was involved in science, mind, and merit.

Thinking of this, Ji Daotong's eyes suddenly flashed, and he immediately said, "Then how about asking Master Lin to talk about the Liuhou family?" ”

Hearing Ji Daotong say this, all Hanlin were in an uproar, clever, really clever.

Who is Liuhou?

Zhang liang.

Who is Zhang Liang? Taoist characters, if you compare a topic like Lin Yanchao's Confucius family, it is simply a score question, he can say flowers with his eyes closed, but it is different to stay in the Hou family.

Taoism is different from Confucianism, focusing on the word 'enlightenment', and there is no step-by-step, daily polishing method.

It's like a Tai Chi pattern, some people can see the yin and yang, and they grow and lose each other, some people can see the sun and the moon, and some people can see the two fishes, and they come out by themselves, which means that you have a relationship with Taoism. If someone else tells you, it's back to Confucianism or an improved version of Taoism.

Seeing that Ji Daotong asked about the Liuhou family, everyone didn't know if Lin Yanchao had any skills.

But seeing Lin Yanchao, he smiled slightly and said, "It's okay, this bachelor will choose a section of the book." ”

Those who have not read the historical records, many people also know that 'Acceptance of Shoes' is about a passage in which Zhang Liang met Huang Shigong on the lower Pi Yard to put shoes on him.

Ji Daotong looked at him and said, "The students are listening. ”

At this time, Zhong Hanlin showed a listening look.

At that moment, Lin Yanchao told that Zhang Liang swam to the bridge in Xiapi and met an old man in brown.

After the old man in brown saw Zhang Liang, he deliberately threw his shoes under the bridge and asked Zhang Liang to pick them up.

Zhang Liang was very angry and wanted to fight, but seeing that the old man was old, he held back his anger and went to pick up shoes under the bridge (wanting to beat him). For its old age, forbearance).

After Zhang Liang picked up the shoes and went to the bridge, the old man said to put them on for me (walk on me).

Zhang Liangchang knelt down, the old man laughed, and Zhang Liangshu was shocked.

When Lin Yanchao said this, he asked Ji Daotong, "Why is Liuhou surprised?" ”

In the following plot, Ji Daotong and Zhong Hanlin knew that after Zhang Liang knelt down to put on the old man's shoes, the old man taught the art of war.

The meaning of this paragraph is that Zhang Liang is very virtuous and can wear shoes for the elderly, so low, no, it is respect for the elderly. The old man thought that the young man had a good character, so he taught him the art of war.

That's right, this is a test of character, so if you can't fight back or scold, it's what a gentleman does.

In other words, Zhang Liang has a vision and recognized in advance that Huang Shigong is not an ordinary person, so he deliberately pretended to be a grandson first, and after gaining his trust, he got the secret transmission of the art of war.

Ji Daotong thought for a long time and said, "The student doesn't know, please ask Han Chang to show me." ”

Lin Yanchao nodded forcibly when he saw that Ji Daotong did not know, and said immediately: "What kind of person is Liuhou?" The son of the Prime Minister of South Korea had just assassinated King Qin in Bolangsha, how could such a person tolerate the old man's deliberate teasing. ”

Zhong Hanlin fell into deep thought, and Xiao Liangyou asked, "Do you want to see the old man treat him?" ”

Lin Yanchao said: "This is possible. The old man threw his shoes to stay in the Hou, and then he played to stay in the Hou. Liuhou first got angry and then endured, and then endured and was generous, and it was even more very human, what did Liuhou think? ”

Zhong Hanlin thought to himself, if Zhang Liang was thought of as a normal person, when the old man lost his shoes before, he was angry and then endured, and when he wanted to do me, he was not angry on his face, but knelt down to put shoes on him, this is not to be obedient, but to take revenge in his heart.

If the old man puts on his shoes and says, 'The old man is the one who teases your young man', and at this time, Zhang Liang takes off the old man's shoes and throws them under the bridge, who is playing whom?

If you want to hang someone, you must hang someone unexpectedly. Zhang Liang did not hesitate to kneel down to put on shoes for the old man, make the number of rituals sufficient, endure to the end, and then hang people.

Lin Yanchao said: "Why is Liuhou surprised, because in a few rounds, Zhang Liang and the old man wanted to 'surprise' each other, which was unexpected by each other, but Zhang Liang was already angry at the moment, but the old man laughed loudly, indicating that Zhang Liang lost." ”

Zhong Hanlin was already deeply shocked, and in just a few dozen words in the historical records, a confrontation was said so cleverly. Before, it was said that Zhang Liang had a good temper and respected the elderly, so he endured it, and took it for granted, how many children were mistaken.

But the book will not explain it clearly, but let you think for yourself, which is speculation.

Then Lin Yanchao continued, and then the old man went and returned, telling Zhang Liang to meet here in the future five days.

Zhang Liang was taught a lesson at this moment, knowing that the old man was a master, and knelt down with Daonuo.

Five days later, at dawn, Zhang Liang arrived on the bridge, and the old man had already arrived. The old man was angry and said, "Go on a date with the old man, how dare you young man be late and come back in five days."

Five days later, Zhang Liang waited until the rooster crowed, and when he arrived on the bridge, he saw that the old man had arrived again. The old man saw Zhang Liang and said angrily, why are you slow again, come back in five days.

Five days later, Zhang Liang waited until the middle of the night on the fourth day, and a moment after arriving at the bridge, Zhang Liang saw the old man, and the old man said with joy.

Everyone knows this story, which emphasizes that we must be punctual and cultivate such a good character of respecting the elderly.

Or the cheats should not be taught lightly, and what you bother to get will be cherished, which is another character test.

But in fact, the old man wore shoes on the bridge before and told Zhang Liang the truth of the word 'forbearance', and this time he told the word 'first'.

In the art of war, Zhang Liang is later than the old man every time, so if you want to not be later than the old man, you must be more prepared than the old man.

It is foolish to sit on the bridge and wait for five days, and if it is not too late, you have to arrive on the evening of the fourth day, in the early morning of the fifth day.

If the old man arrived in the middle of the night on the fourth day, Zhang Liang could also say, didn't you say the fifth day? You came on the fourth day, you can't blame me.

Therefore, after Zhang Liang came in the middle of the night on the fourth day, he was invincible no matter what. After Zhang Liang arrived, after a while (Shaoqing), it was also the early morning of the fifth day, and the old man arrived a little late Zhang Liang for a while, and he was overjoyed to see Zhang Liang.

Because he knew that Zhang Liang understood what he meant and passed the test, the old man taught Zhang Liang the art of war, and the prince was Jiang Ziya.

So this is the Taoist method of selecting successors, focusing on the word 'enlightenment', he will not tell you the way, but comprehend it himself.

Most people interpret this paragraph of the Liuhou family, and they often analyze it in this aspect, which is often wrong. Huang Shigong taught Zhang Liang the art of war because Zhang Liang had understanding, not because Zhang Liang was a good person.

After listening to Lin Yanchao's speech, all Hanlin couldn't help but be shocked, what is historiography, how to read history books, and why we read it, which is completely different from what Lin Yanchao reads.

The reason why Lin Yanchao is a Japanese lecturer and can be appreciated by the Son of Heaven is precisely because the other party reads history to temper his wisdom and can apply it to the world.

Ji Daotong's face turned red at the moment, and he said after half a sound: "Bachelor Lin's historical skills, Xia Guan is really convinced. ”

Lin Yanchao nodded and said with a smile: "You're welcome." ”

Refuted Ji Daotong, Lin Yanchao looked at the Hanlin, and now I am afraid that no one will say anything useless in front of Lin Yanchao.

Speaking of this, Lin Yanchao looked at the crowd: "Taoism is re-enlightened, not taught. Because the first sentence of the Tao Te Ching is to say, the Tao is the Tao, and the Tao is very Tao. The truth that comes out is not the original truth. ”

"Buddhism is a clear mind, the more you teach, the more you click, the more you become a barrier to knowledge, and the more you know, the more you will cover your nature, so Zen Buddhism advocates the transmission of the heart from the heart."

"And only our Confucianism is different from Buddhism, and the sages never lie. Confucius made it easy, and Cheng Zhu explained the four books, that is, to annotate the meaning of the scriptures in straightforward language. Is it that the sages didn't know the way, the very way? No, this is the will of the sages, who believed that even if they were three feet old, they had the heart to learn, step by step, and everyone could become a saint and sage. ”

Zhong Hanlin couldn't help but be upset when he heard Lin Yanchao's words, and said it well.

Although Confucianism is taught to read a hundred times on weekdays, its meaning is self-evident. However, from the Five Classics to the Four Books, from the Treatise on Meng to the University, and from the Four Books to the Annotations, the difficulty is getting lower and lower, and the words are becoming more and more plain.

If you read the Four Books and the Five Classics without explanation, what a high level of understanding it would be. Therefore, Confucianism has been lowering the threshold through explanation, Confucius had 3,000 disciples back then, and our Confucianism has always taken the route of civilian education, not elite education.

But because the more explained by later generations, it is also the truth of others, but it is an obstacle to one's own knowledge, and it is farther away from the clear 'Tao'.

Therefore, Confucian kung fu is in 'speculation', Wang Mingyang realized 'to conscience' through Gezhuzi, the words in the book are reasonable, but I don't agree with it, it's not my reason, this is speculation.

And through reading history, applying one's own truth to the scenes of the ancients, the ancients, and learning from the past to the present, this is also speculation.

Therefore, the words of the sages obtained from the scriptures are speculated in the scriptures and historical books, and practiced in the deeds, which is like the process of rice cooking.

The Hanlin listened to Lin Yanchao from talking about history to governing the scriptures, from science to merit, from the beginning of questioning, to the later bewilderment, to the final admiration.

If it is said that science is specialized and refined, and merit is learned and generalized,

Science is the prophet and then the action, then the work to learn to know the way, the line to progress, so know and then act, the true knowledge.

Although the science of science is grand, the study of merit is also considerable, and it is indeed in the vein of Confucianism, which really reverses the prejudice of many Hanlin schools of merit.

Since the Southern Song Dynasty, the Shigong school has always advocated the juxtaposition of history and history, and if this is the case, it can really produce the effect of applying it to the world. So this time, why not take the test, increase the proportion of policy questions, so that readers can have more knowledge that can be applied to the world?

PS: This analysis of Zhang Liang's story of Huang Shigong is from Mr. Lu Shihao's explanation, which is used in the book, and is hereby explained. Mr. Lu Shihao has a lot of experience in Shi Ji, and book friends can learn about it if they are interested.

This chapter has killed a lot of brain cells, and it's slow to write, forgive me.