"Ladies and gentlemen, today Benhou would like to explain to you a different science lesson, which is a completely different scientific theory, called chemical ......."

Chen Xu used chalk to write the word chemistry on the blackboard.

"The so-called chemistry is the science of change, its essence is still the category of science, but it is not the same as the theory of Gewu, chemistry is the study of some microscopic natural changes that are invisible to the naked eye, and these changes occur every day in life, as long as you observe carefully, you can see everywhere, and chemistry and medicine are the most closely related, so Benhou specially invited many medical celebrities to come to observe, hoping to take this as an opportunity, so that everyone can learn scientific test methods to study drugs, to discover the phenomena that are not easy to explain by the five elements of yin and yang, which are not easy to explain by Huang Lao's theory......"

"The essence of chemistry is not magic, nor is it immortal, but it is another way to the avenue, so Ben Hou hopes that after listening to this lecture, you can study and summarize the laws in depth, and then apply these theories to practice, apply to our daily life, well, as the saying goes, hearing is false, seeing is believing, the following Ben Hou will give you a demonstration of the simplest chemical reaction, and this chemical reaction Ben Hou has done it once in the laboratory last time, and some people have seen it......"

Chen Xu said as he instructed a laboratory helper to light an alcohol lamp, and then personally made some blue bile alum powder and put it into a glass test tube, added it with a clip, and then put it under the alcohol lamp to roast.

The alcohol lamp burns slightly unstable, and the color is also a little yellow, mainly because of the wick, the general wick is to use a cotton wick, but at the moment Daqin doesn't know what cotton is, so it can only be kneaded with hemp wool, so the wick made is not very smooth when burning, but it does not have much impact on this simple experiment at the moment.

Thousands of people in the classrooms and corridors were staring with bated breath at the test tube above the alcohol lamp, and the blue powder in the test tube slowly faded as it continued to burn and heat, and after a few minutes it turned white.

Chen Xu put the cap of the alcohol lamp on the lid and lifted the test tube with a clamp and said: "You can see that after heating, the blue gallium turns white, that is because the gallium contains water, and the water is decomposed and evaporated when heated......

Chen Xu used another test tube to fill a small amount of water as he spoke, and then poured the white powder in the test tube into it, and soon the water in the test tube turned blue under gentle shaking.

"Next, Ben Hou will show you another test ......" Chen Xu inserted the test tube containing the blue copper sulfate solution into the test tube rack, then picked up another empty test tube, dripped half a tube of dilute sulfuric acid into it and fixed it on the stent, and then clamped up a very thin iron wire, "Everyone, this test tube is not filled with water, but another toxic acidic substance, called sulfuric acid, if I say that if I put this thin iron wire in it, it will slowly disappear, don't you believe it?" ”

"Master Hou, iron is so hard that it will only rust when exposed to water, but I have never heard of it that can disappear out of thin air!" A craftsman from the Academy of Sciences stood up and said.

"Hey, Master Hou said it, it's poisonous water, and it can naturally poison iron!" A die-hard supporter of Chen Xu retorted.

"There is no such thing as poisoning in chemistry, but iron can be corroded by this acid and turned into another substance, please see ......" Chen Xu threw a small piece of iron wire into the test tube, and the few people sitting in the front row could immediately clearly see that fine bubbles began to bubble out of the test tube, and at the same time, the liquid inside also began to turn yellow.

In the process of the reaction of iron and dilute sulfuric acid, Chen Xu lit a match close to the mouth of the test tube, only to hear a slight crackling, and a bright flame exploded at the mouth of the test tube, which shocked everyone for a while.

"You used to think that air is nothing, but in fact, I mentioned in a lecture at the School of Engineering that in fact, air is not really empty, but has many components, such as water vapor, but we can't see or touch it, and air has the same weight as water, and it will also produce pressure, and the phenomenon you just saw is that when iron reacts with this acid, a gas is released, which is very light and easy to burn, and it will explode when it encounters fire. That's why Benhou calls this gas hydrogen......"

After a few minutes, a small piece of wire inside the tube had melted and was almost invisible, and the sulfuric acid solution inside had turned yellowish-brown.

Chen Xu inserted the test tube into the test tube rack, picked up a test tube again, and filled it with some clear lime water.

"Let's carry out another test, this is a test tube filled with clear lime water, lime water, also known as calcium hydroxide solution, is an alkaline liquid, people who have been in contact with it should understand that if it gets into a wound or splashes in the eyes, it will sting...... And inside this beaker is clear plant ash water, plant ash should also have some understanding, can be used for tanning, can also be used to wash hair and wash clothes on the grease, that is because it contains a substance called potassium carbonate, if we mix the two liquids together, you will find an interesting phenomenon, the liquid will become white turbidity......"

Chen Xu said as he slowly poured the grass ash water in the beaker into the test tube, and soon saw that the two clear liquids instantly turned into white turbidity.

"Wow~~" Looking at the changes in the test tube, there was another commotion in the classroom.

"Master Hou, what is this muddy thing?" Hu Kuan couldn't help but stand up and ask.

"Hehe, this white thing is the most common, exactly the same composition as the pebbles on the river beach, called calcium carbonate, and if these turbidities are clarified, then a more violent alkaline substance will be obtained in the test tube, called potassium hydroxide, Ben Hou will put the test tube here for a while, and then continue another interesting experiment......"

Chen Xu inserted the test tube into the test tube rack, then picked up the chalk and wrote on the blackboard the two metal substances of copper and iron, and then wrote the words calcium and potassium.

Gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, zinc are all metals that Daqin craftsmen are familiar with at present, and they can be seen almost everywhere in life, at least these things are available in the factory academy of sciences and engineering colleges, but the words potassium and calcium have not yet appeared.

"Our Chinese civilization for thousands of years, the culture is broad and profound, and since Cangjie made words, the Chinese script has a characteristic, that is, to distinguish objects with five elements, such as gold as the side to distinguish metal substances, water as the side to distinguish water-related things, copper, iron, lead and zinc are all metals, and the two words that Ben Hou just wrote should also be able to see, potassium and calcium are also metal substances, but these two substances are very active, and it is easy to become other compounds when encountering water and air, just like iron, There is no pure iron in nature, all iron ore is a compound formed with other elements, even if iron is placed in the air, it will slowly rust, copper is the same, the color of newly cast copper is red, purple or yellow, but if it is placed for a period of time without wiping and polishing, it will become green patina, and green patina is the same as bile alum, which is a water-containing compound......"

"Chemistry is everywhere in life, you have seen it every day, but no one has ever wondered why, why iron rusts, why bronze turns green, why gold does not change, why different flowers take on different colors, why some bright ores can be used to make dyes and others cannot be ......"

"Ben Hou said before, science is a process of constantly asking the roots, is a process of repeated questioning, is a process of continuous excavation and proof, the spirit of science is in and exploration and doubt, in practice and verification, whether it is physics or chemistry, we need to have the spirit of exploration and practice, we can not take what we see for granted, in fact, it is not, Shennong's taste of herbs, continuous attempts to explore only the food we eat now, the Chinese ancestors found the existence of copper and iron in the molten stone, Only then do we have the sharp blades and tools we have now, so science has always existed, but we have not systematically summarized the laws, and the purpose of Benhou to open the Academy of Sciences and the School of Engineering is to let everyone develop a habit of scientific thinking, whether they understand or not, they must first ask why, because nothing will appear for no reason, there will be reasons why we say we don't understand, and exploring the laws of these reasons is the essence of science......"

"Alright, let's move on to another interesting experiment......

Chen Xu picked up the first test tube, which contained a blue copper sulfate solution, and then used a straw to absorb some of the precipitated potassium hydroxide solution and drip it in, and soon saw that some flocculent blue substances began to appear in the test tube.

"Look, there has been a change in the test tube, but this blue substance is no longer the copper sulfate contained in bile alum, but another substance called copper hydroxide, which can be used as a blue dye, which will not fall off and fade when washed, and if you soak the paper in it, it will be blue paper after drying......"

"Finally, there is a more interesting experiment, that is, the replacement reaction of copper and iron, this is a bottle of copper sulfate solution, we put a wire in it, wait for the blue solution to slowly fade, after a while you will find that this wire will have a layer of red substance attached to it, this red thing is the copper ...... that is commonplace on weekdays."

A chemistry lecture lasted for an hour, and the seemingly simple acids and bases and common things can produce a variety of different changes over and over again, and these simple chemical reactions that can be understood by junior high school and high school and even elementary school students in later generations have dazzled thousands of people who listened to the lecture.

Although everyone was confused after listening to it, it was as if they had discovered a very novel and strange world from it.

"Will magical chemistry open up another magical world?"

This is the latest issue of the front page of the Daqin Metropolis Daily headline news, with the entire page detailed record of the Qinghe Hou lecture process, and for the first time mentioned the names of various compounds, the real name of brown rust is called iron oxide, the green patina is called basic copper carbonate, the brass ore for smelting copper is called copper sulfide, the blue gallium is called copper sulfate hydrate, and the useful component in plant ash is called potassium carbonate, the real component of saltpeter is called potassium nitrate, and the main component of salt eaten daily is called sodium chloride......

Although these strange names sound like heavenly books, everyone who has attended the lecture is excited and at the same time has to admit that this is a completely different scientific theory, and it is so profound and mysterious that even trying to figure out the surface of it is extremely jerky.

After this lecture, Chen Xu officially established the Department of Chemistry in the College of Engineering, recruited dozens of scholars who were proficient in alchemy and alchemy to start chemical research, and also issued a summons to the entire Daqin class through newspapers, anyone who is interested in this mysterious science can devote themselves to the Department of Chemistry to study, so as to promote the development and application of chemistry in life.

Chen Xu believes that as long as people continue to join in, plus his participation in the guidance, it will not be difficult to start the basic chemical industry in Daqin after a few years, just like burning lime, Daqin people have already discovered that lime can not only be used as a building adhesive, but also can be used to disinfect and kill insects, and various ores and plant dyes have long been widely used in life, and the development of chemistry will further promote the development of Daqin's industry in an understandable and mature direction.

With the wide spread of this chemistry lecture, whether it is a gathering of hundreds of disciples or a court discussion, the new word chemistry has also begun to appear in the discussion, especially some monks, when they get together to drink tea and chat about alchemy and medicine, they do not pop up a few chemical terms such as copper sulfate and sodium chloride in their mouths, and even there are hooligans who pretend to be forced to eat noodles in the noodle restaurant and have to shout that the store adds a little more sodium chloride to show their different identities.

And because these discussions became more and more extensive, a few days later, the emperor personally visited the chemical laboratory of the engineering college, and thousands of forbidden troops and Xuanwu guards surrounded the engineering college, and then watched Chen Xu and a group of alchemists demonstrate a chemical experiment alone, especially interested in this non-smoking alcohol lamp, and took a few with him when he left.