"The in-flight refueling technology of aircraft originated in the 20th century, and has developed to the present, and there are three main types of in-flight refueling technology: hose-floating anchor type, hard pipe-fly truss type, and hybrid type. Let me first talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the three refueling technologies. Ren Shaoping put on a training uniform and said with a serious face.

"Hose-floating anchor refueling technology, the advantage is that a large refueling aircraft can be installed on several sets of refueling equipment, can be refueled several fighters at the same time, due to the relative movement of the refueling machine and the refueling machine, the use of flexible hose connection safety is good. The disadvantage is that it is quite sensitive to atmospheric turbulence, it is difficult to connect, and the operation technology requirements of the pilot are high; The second is the slow speed of fuel delivery, which is about 1,500 litres per minute, so it takes a long time to refuel large military aircraft. ”

"The tube-boom refueling technology has the advantages of fast fuel transfer speed, which can reach about 6,000 liters per minute, because it uses a rigid rod, so it is not very sensitive to air turbulence, and it has the advantages of easy connection and operation. The disadvantage is that it can only refuel one fighter at a time, which is not versatile, and requires a professionally trained refueling operator to operate. ”

"The hybrid refueling technology is to develop a funnel floating anchor refueling hose modification kit at the end of the refueling truss, and install two sets of pipelines, depending on the nature of the task (oil receiving system of the oil receiving machine). There are advantages and disadvantages of which set of pipelines are released. ”

A group of modified students sat upright in the flight briefing room, with detailed explanations of in-flight refueling technology placed on the table in front of them, listening carefully and quietly to Ren Shaoping's explanation.

"China currently uses hose-floating anchor refueling technology, and currently has two types of air tankers, one is the self-developed domestic H-6U air tanker, and the other is the imported Il-78 air tanker, and the Il-78 air tanker is used in this air refueling training."

"Air refueling is often carried out at altitudes above 8,000, i.e. in the stratosphere (or stratosphere). In this airspace, the atmospheric temperature basically does not change with the change of altitude, the airflow is very smooth, and the optimal flight altitude of modern large aircraft and advanced tankers is around 10,000 meters. ”

The previous words were useless in Yang Luo's opinion, only the last paragraph had some effect, but Yang Luo was still patiently listening.

Without him, as a student, the attitude must be correct, which is the minimum respect for the instructor.

Ren Shaoping paused, took a sip of water to moisten his throat, and said with a smile, "Actually, the previous words are all nonsense, it doesn't matter to us if we don't understand, and I don't want to read it, but this is stipulated in the textbook, and I must read it again." ”

The twelve people sitting below chuckled softly in understanding.

Putting down the water cup, Ren Shaoping continued, "Let's talk about the four stages of refueling, the first is rendezvous, we must ensure that the oiled aircraft and the tanker do not collide, the oiled aircraft enters from under the tanker, and first does the formation flight before refueling outside the refueling cone 5 3 below. ”

"Then there is the docking, the fighter slowly inserts the oil receiving tube into the cone pipe at a speed 06 ~ 25 / s faster than the tanker, to achieve absolute accuracy, this is also the most difficult step, as we said earlier, the refueling hose is extremely sensitive to atmospheric turbulence, and the docking is completed, and the speed of the fighter needs to be reduced to synchronization with the tanker."

"The third is refueling, after the oil receiving pipe is inserted into the cone, the oil circuit will be automatically connected, the most important thing at this time is to maintain the coordination of the relative positions of the two aircraft, such as altitude, speed, course, inclination, etc., both sides need to carefully control their respective aircraft, keep the tanker and the oil receiving aircraft relatively stationary. Another point is that as the jet fuel enters the airframe's fuel tank, it will cause the center of gravity of the aircraft to shift slightly, which in turn will change the balance of the aircraft, and I don't need to say how to do it, it depends on your flight skills, but I believe you have no problem. ”

"The last step is disengagement, as the name suggests, the end of refueling, disconnection. At this time, we need to slow down, slowly separate the fuel receiving pipe from the cone pipe, and then quickly leave the refueling area, pay attention, it is best to dive or bend, and don't climb without anything. ”

"In fact, it seems that it is very difficult to refuel in the air, so be it, it is nothing more than one word - stability." Ren Shaoping looked at the audience and asked, "You understand, right?" ”

"Understood."

Everyone nodded and replied.

"That's okay, let's talk about the training arrangement, go up four planes at a time, one by one for air refueling training, those who have already flown solo, fly J-10C by themselves, and those who have not flown solo for the time being, there are instructors with J-10S. I don't have high requirements, no matter how many times I dock, one successful time is enough. Okay, everybody get ready. Ren Shaoping waved his hand and said.

The crowd immediately dispersed and ran to change their clothes.

Soon after, Yang Luo appeared on the way to Hangar No. 1 wearing flight gear and carrying a flight helmet, and they went on foot, followed by the other three people of the first squadron, Xue Fei, Xu Zhiqiang and Wang Hanyu.

"The Ren team does not have high requirements for you, but my requirements are even higher, I will give you five chances, if the five times cannot be successfully docked, I will propose to the regiment commander to kick you out and continue to fly the J-7G. Especially you, the scorpion, have not yet flown solo, which has seriously dragged down our first squadron. On the way, Yang Luo said with a serious face.

"Crazy, I've been doing too much during this time, and I've been so anxious that I've delayed my training progress, I'm ......," Xue Fei explained.

"It's not just about getting married, there is a political commissar to handle it for you, are you worried about a fart, or do you want to wait and want to hold no one." Yang Luo interrupted Xue Fei's words and said, "When you train, talk about training, don't think about other messy things." ”

Xue Fei was a little embarrassed.

"I heard that even the child is pregnant, so I can only hug it, do you still want to ......" Xu Zhiqiang teased, an inexplicable smile appeared on his face.

Wang Hanyu looked Xue Fei up and down, and said with a smile, "Huh...... Xiaoqiang, I didn't expect you to be this kind of person. ”

"Xiaoqiang, I'm not done with you, dare to make fun of me, wait and ask you to look good."

Xue Fei glared at Xu Zhiqiang, he had already arrived at the hangar, and went straight towards a J-10S, next to the fighter, the instructor who arrived first in the commuter car was already waiting for him.

"Okay, don't make a fuss, hurry up and board the plane." Yang Luo smiled and walked towards his No. 301 J-10C.

The maintenance of the aircraft has been prepared, and they are standing in line and waiting quietly, the aviation fuel, oxygen, etc. have been filled, the engine has been started, and the pre-takeoff inspection has been completed.

Check, sign, board.

The glass canopy of No. 301 slowly closed, the boarding ladder was evacuated, and the crew retreated outside the safe area.

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