Chapter 111 Initial Formation
The barrel was the most important part of the musket, and in the tenth century, no one could forge a qualified barrel except for Zhao Dezhao.
Although today's gun barrel is only the most basic carbon structural steel, it is already a black technology that cannot be imitated in this era.
Material technology is different from technological innovation, and the changes in technology can be seen by anyone.
However, the material process only needs to conceal a few points, which can not be imitated by anyone who sees it.
I show you manganese steel, carbon steel, and you don't know what the composition is.
Not to mention, except for Zhao Dezhao, no one can raise the furnace temperature to more than 1,200 degrees.
Using potassium permanganate to produce oxygen, blowing up and down to increase the furnace temperature, you don't even know what potassium permanganate is, even if it imitates the upper and lower air intake chambers, there is no pure oxygen, and the increase in furnace temperature is not large.
After the barrel was manufactured, Zhao Dezhao conducted many tests, and determined the length and wall thickness of the barrel through many tests of the fixed amount of gunpowder.
As for the flintlock device, this is an accessory that has been produced since the earliest.
Compared with the difficulty of the barrel, the flintlock device is mainly a technical idea, and the only difficulty is the elastic return of the paddles, but the difficulty of the barrel is not worth mentioning.
With two steel columns, a fixed gap adjustment can produce paddles of uniform thickness. The quenching process is then carried out to obtain an elastic spring steel sheet.
The steel sheet is surrounded for two and a half weeks to form a return force with sufficient resilience.
Most of the craftsmen didn't know what they were making, but under Zhao Dezhao's orders, they continued to produce non-stop, and in the past few months, more than 20,000 sets of flint hair machines have been made.
As for the wooden butt, it is simpler. Originally, a carpenter would have been able to make a standard butt, but at a slower pace.
They have been preparing and drying timber for the production of gun stocks since last year, and after the introduction of the lathe grinder, the processing has been even faster.
For every barrel produced, it was assembled, and by July, more than 5,000 qualified products had been assembled.
In the second half of 966, after the guns were finalized, Zhao Dezhao finally got rid of the fate of being an engineer in the factory and began to train Jinyiwei.
In the Ming Dynasty, in order to increase the power of musketeers at the beginning, Zhao Dezhao used double-barreled muskets.
There are two barrels side by side on it, two triggers one in front and one in the back, and one flintlock machine on the left and right.
But such a musket actually did not have much effect, but was a waste of resources.
The main thing is that the other party is still holding a big knife and spear, and you are holding a musket, which is already a dimensionality reduction strike.
If you can't stop you, you can't stop him with a single barrel, and you can't stop a city with a musket with two barrels.
So this time, the stereotype was a single-barreled musket, and the flintlock machine used the later Remington's paddle firing.
When the muskets were dispensed, each person had a bristle brush and a hundred pieces of glutinous rice paper, and the gunpowder was fixed, and each shot was filled with five buckshots.
Pei Ge'an suggested to Zhao Dezhao the production of the Mine rifle, which for a long time remained the most powerful rifle in the world.
With a 31-gram buckshot load, the range can reach one kilometer, and the effective range is more than 500 meters.
Within the ballistics, one bullet can penetrate three soldiers in armor.
However, Zhao Dezhao did not take her advice.
The main thing is that the barrel is very difficult to process, and if there is that technology, it will be possible to directly produce new rifles.
The production of bullets is much more complex and difficult than that of guns.
A small bullet can be said to be the product of physics, chemistry, materials science, aerodynamics and technology.
The Ming Dynasty studied for more than thirty years before it could produce qualified bullets, but now it won't take that long.
The bullet consists of four parts: a cartridge case, a primer, a propellant, and a warhead.
In the Ming Dynasty, the most difficult primer and propellant, Pei Ge'an understood the technology and could produce it in large quantities.
Now the difficulty that bothers them is the processing technology, and when the technical difficulties of the Minne rifle can be solved, it will also be possible to produce modern rifles and process cartridge cases and warheads.
Although the current musket has a range of only three hundred meters and an effective range of only a little more than a hundred meters, it is enough as a weapon for the transitional stage.
Jinyiwei's Shenji Battalion, after having muskets, finally knew why their daily training was arranged like this.
Whether it's marching or simmicizing a wartime stance, it's all about adapting to new weapons.
A weapon with a range of more than 100 zhang can injure people to death through armor at a distance of 30 zhang, and the power of this weapon is far greater than that of ordinary crossbow arrows.
Moreover, it also saves time and effort, and does not require physical energy at all.
Five bullets, after a range of more than a hundred meters, are not a mass, but a piece, that is, almost no aim, as long as you shoot at the front, the coverage can envelop the enemy in it.
Zhao Dezhao did not train large-scale cooperative operations, but adopted a ten-man squad training for the 33 operation, and the largest scale of cooperation did not exceed 5 capitals, that is, 500 people.
In the Song Dynasty, ten people were a team, ten teams were a capital, five were a battalion, five battalions were an army, and ten armies were a box.
The leaders are ten generals, the head of the capital, the commander, the general Yuhou, and the commander.
Zhao Dezhao used a team of three rattan armor shields, and when defending, three people held shields, three people shot, three people loaded ammunition, and one person commanded.
However, there is relatively little training in this formation, because with muskets, there is basically no need to defend, and the opponent can't hit himself, only his own share of the opponent.
The main training is still three-stage strike, that is, three people shoot, three people reload, and three people prepare.
With the musket, in addition to the original Jinyi Guard, the three thousand forbidden troops were also armed by Zhao Dezhao and trained together.
These forbidden army combat phalanxes of 2,500 people and 500 people in the baggage battalion were also incorporated into the Jinyi Battalion, bringing the personnel of the Shenji Battalion to 4,700 people.
The 300 people of the Jinyi Battalion were quotas, the firearms battalion was almost 500 people, the baggage battalion was 500 people, and the surveying and mapping battalion of 400 people became Zhao Dezhao's descendants.
However, after entering August, the scribes of the 400 surveying battalion had been trained for a year, and except for the twenty instructors, the rest were assigned.
They were accompanied by two by two, and they were still subordinate to the Jinyi Guard, but they were assigned to garrisons in various places to conduct domestic terrain and map mapping.
They carry out these surveys and mapping, not only to serve the military, but also to serve the people's livelihood.
In the future, they will need to provide first-hand information on the construction of roads and bridges, the digging of canals, and the construction of reservoirs.
The garrisons in various places also sent literate people from the army, and sent two or three people at the least, and five or six people at the most, to come to Hanjing Mansion to study surveying and mapping.
Muskets were produced in a steady stream, but Zhao Dezhao did not equip the whole army, and even Zhao Kuangyin did not mention this matter.
The soldiers of the early Song Dynasty had no loyalty at all, and whoever could keep them fed would listen to them.
Until the loyalty of an army cannot be determined, the matter of universal muskets is not in a hurry.
At the beginning of autumn, Zhao Dezhao was pleased to get two sons, and according to the generations of the Zhao family, they were the only word faction.
Chen gave birth to the eldest son, but his health was not very good, Zhao Dezhao forgot whether this eldest son was not in good health and could not give birth to a son, and then succeeded one of his younger brothers' sons.
The Wang family also gave birth to a son, who was born nearly six pounds, chubby, and very strong.
Six catties in this era, put aside in later generations, is almost eight catties, which is very rare in this era.
Zhao Dezhao was not partial to the Wang family, but for the sake of inheritance in the future, and for the sake of apprehension to Wang Pu, who came to Hanjing with him, he named the Chen family's child Zhao Weiji, and then named the Wang family's child Zhao Weizheng.
Don't underestimate the importance of naming, but the difference between Weizheng and Weiji is equivalent to setting the status of two children.
One wants him to be safe, the other is orthodox.
This incident caused a lot of sensation in Hanjing Mansion, and Wang Pu ran to Hanjing Mansion to help Zhao Dezhao support civil affairs for the sake of his daughter and grandson.
And Chen's father doesn't hurt, and he doesn't have a mother, so he doesn't even have someone to speak for her.
However, Chen couldn't take care of these things, because the child was born in poor health and got sick twice in three days.
The illness is in the child's body, the pain is in the mother's heart, and all her energy is spent on this child.
In August, Zhao Dezhao received the twenty-third letter from Zhao Kuangyin, telling him to return to Kaifeng Mansion after his farm work.
Not only did he bring back the trained Jinyi Guard, but he also had to send a batch of muskets and artillery back to Kaifeng Mansion.
After Zhao Dezhao passed the 15th of August, the farming was busy, and after the new batch of laborers came to Hanjing, he brought 6,000 soldiers to escort 3,000 muskets back to Kaifeng Mansion.
The large-scale transfer of 6,000 people was to be arranged by the imperial court a month in advance, and this new army caused a huge sensation along the way.
First of all, the military formation has canceled the crossbow and arrow arms, and there are no long weapons and heavy weapons.
Except for the generals above the head of the capital, the soldiers did not even have a knife.
Each of them had only one gun, a dagger that could fit in the position of the head of the gun.
In contrast to ordinary soldiers, each of them was given a cowhide belt with several rings on the belt, and on one side hung bullets and gunpowder packs, and each of them was given a medical kit.
Such a configuration surprised the troops along the way, and after arriving at Kaifeng Mansion, several trainings made all the generals sigh that they were outdated.
The power of muskets is far beyond their imagination, and the appearance of artillery makes them even more afraid.
The Song Dynasty lacked copper, and Zhao Dezhao did not use the copper cannon, but directly went to the steel cannon.
Although carbon steel is not the toughest steel, it only needs a wall thickness of less than 20 millimeters to meet the fire of black powder and can send shells to a distance of up to two thousand meters.
Zhao Dezhao directly got on the solid bullets, hollow bullets, and chain bullets, these shells are aimed at the city walls, fortresses, and personnel, and they all have enough lethality.
Three thousand muskets were equipped with palace guards, and the generals of the other armies, as long as they were in Kaifeng Mansion, all pestered Zhao Dezhao to want muskets.
But Zhao Dezhao didn't agree to anyone, and delayed under the pretext that the output was not high, and handed over the power to Zhao Kuangyin.
And Zhao Kuangyin saw these muskets, and the power of the artillery immediately stimulated his ambition.
The controversy between the imperial court and the south, began.