Chapter Seventy-Eight, Declaration of War (1)
Although Robespierre and Lafayette were trying to slow down France to war, France was still moving towards war step by step, driven by the Black Party and the centrists.
On this issue, the centrists, who had not been organized, began to unite, and it was not the original centrists who united them, but a member of the Jacobin Club, Jacques-Pierre Brissot de Varville.
Brissot initially bought literature for a living, and once followed the Duke of Orleans. After the Duke of Orleans went on an embassy to England, he followed Lafayette for a while. After the exodus of Louis XVI, he turned to support the Republic, and had a direct dispute with Lafayette in the club. So in that split of the Jacobin Club, he sided with Robespierre.
In the new elections, he became a member of the National Assembly as a representative of Paris. There, through someone, he became friends with Clavier again.
The National Assembly is a peculiar place where the more radical a member is, the easier it is to get attention and become an "influential" member. And this environment has made Brisso's political views more radical in two ways.
The first aspect is the reverence for republicanism. In the National Assembly, most of the centrists no longer trust the king, and it is very easy to applaud attacks on the king. So Brissot first proposed the "Exiles Act", pointing the finger at the aristocracy in exile. He accused the nobles of being enemies of France for instigating the "kidnapping of the king" and plotting a rebellion, and then offered to punish them, for example, by sending them home to stand trial. If they refuse to return to their country, the court can try them in absentia, convict them, and impose various penalties against them personally (of course, such sentences cannot be enforced) and their property (which is very enforceable).
Brissot convinces everyone that the passage of the "Exiles Act" can greatly alleviate or even solve the problems caused by the over-issuance of coupons.
The voucher was originally issued as collateral on the church's estate. If the government could really issue the vouchers strictly according to the number of church estates, then these vouchers would naturally be gradually recovered through the gradual sale of church land, and there would be no danger of inflation.
But as soon as the money printing machine is turned on, there is money to spend immediately. This way of getting money is so tempting that not many governments, especially those with precarious circumstances, can resist turning on the money printing press. As a result, the government may not know how many coupons it has printed. Rumor has it that the printed coupons were enough to buy the church's real estate several times. Although it has not yet reached the point where some countries in later generations need to use "Beijing" (10 to the 16th power) as the unit of monetary measurement, the depreciation of the currency is still bringing more and more pressure to the country.
If the land of the fugitive nobles can be confiscated and used as collateral for the bonds, then the problem of the bonds can probably be temporarily alleviated. (Of course, if you continue to print, sooner or later it will have to overturn, but isn't that a matter for the future?) In the future, what do you care about so much? )
Naturally, this bill passed the parliament without any problems. Of course, the Black Party would oppose this bill, but Lafayette, who did not want to press too the aristocracy, also objected. But the centrists, together with the Jacobins, were already in the majority in parliament. (Not to mention that some of the Rafists are not very determined.)
Then, as Brissot had hoped, the bill was vetoed by the king. Constitutionally, the king has veto power over bills passed by Parliament. Of course, the king knew that vetoing such a bill would surely anger the parliament, but now that the royal party was the only force he could rely on, he had no choice either.
This vetoed motion greatly increased Brisso's popularity. Since such a trick is useful, it will naturally be used again. Brissot then introduced a motion to stop paying the salaries of clergy who refused to take allegiance. Naturally, this bill was rejected by the king again.
Through this series of maneuvers, Brissot succeeded in establishing his reputation in Parliament, and with the support of Clavier and other gentlemen, he succeeded in rallying many centrists around him, and incidentally earned Louis XVI the nickname "Mr. Veto", which made his image of an "unrepentant feudal leader" more and more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
As for the second radical direction, it is war.
Having the assistance of Mr. Clavier and his friends, Brisso naturally spoke for their benefit. Of course, Brissot wouldn't say that to the outside world. Brissot's slogan on the propaganda war was "Export Revolution".
Lafayette has been emphasizing that there are many problems within the French army, and it is difficult to guarantee combat effectiveness, and he has used this to delay the war; Robespierre, on the other hand, has been pointing the finger of attack at a possible "military dictator".
Now Brissot's response to Lafayette's remarks is that there is a problem with the French army, and even more so with the armies of other countries.
He believed that the revolution of the French people had inspired the whole of Europe, and the people of most European countries were looking forward to the revolution, and their expectations for the French revolutionary army were like "looking at the clouds after a long drought." Once the war broke out, the French army in the war was "to follow the world, attack the relatives of the side", where is the reason that the war cannot be won?
And he was also sarcastic about Robespierre's statement. It is thought that he actually believed in the goodwill of foreign feudal kings, and actually underestimated the patriotic enthusiasm of the French people.
Under Brisso's leadership, the centrists quickly converged. A large number of people, including Vignio, Mr. and Mrs. Roland, and others, rallied around Brissot. And once they are united, the war is a big step closer.
On 29 November, the Parliament passed a resolution demanding that the king immediately issue a warning to the Elector of Trier, ordering him to immediately disband the armies of the French aristocracy in exile in his territory, otherwise France would use all means, including force, to maintain its security.
This time, instead of vetoing the resolution, Mr. Veto immediately approved it and issued a warning to the Elector of Trier.
The Elector of Trier was a prince of the so-called "Holy Roman Empire". To theoretically threaten to use force against him is to threaten to use force against Austria. Louis XVI and Empress Marie had been waiting for the Great Austrian Emperor to launch an attack on France, but His Majesty the Emperor had loaded a B and fled, and never mentioned the matter of meeting the French again. At this time, the French parliament was able to pass such a resolution, and in the eyes of the king and queen, it was really about to sleep just in time to touch the pillow.
After the warning, the king and queen hoped that the emperor would be wrathed, and then the army of the Holy Roman Empire would come and kill them, and then they could hang the street lamps of the council one by one.
However, things turned out completely beyond the expectations of the king and queen.
The feudal kings on the other side of the Rhine trembled in fear in the face of the warnings issued by France, just as the French were worried that there were too many chaotic forces within themselves, and whether there would be a leading party in the real fight, the "sacred" "Romans" were also worried that the common people on their side would believe in the heresy of France and follow the French to make some revolution.
Moreover, this is really not unfounded, because in these countries there are even people who have shamelessly infringed on French intellectual property rights and established a number of "clubs of friends of the constitution". The Electors of Germany did not know how many Belt and Road parties there were in France, (although the exiled aristocrats spoke a lot about the Belt and Road parties in France.) But everyone knows that it must be a boast, because if the power of the French protectors is so strong, why did they become exiles? But how many leading parties there are on their side, they have a good idea in their hearts.
So these electors immediately coaxed. They sent people to Vienna to ask for the emperor's protection, and they sent people to France, saying that it was all a misunderstanding.
Of course, if the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire broke out and stood up to take the lead against France, maybe they could still play a role in pretending to be powerful, however, the emperors of Rome were actually restrained by the empress of Eastern Rome, although the empress was the most hostile to France of all the countries in the world, but now, the empress actually played the role of the protector of France.
But the king of Spain jumped out and cried twice. After all, the king of Spain also had the surname Bourbon. However, the voice of the King of Spain was particularly weak, and it was nothing more than a hope that France would respect the sovereignty of other countries and not threaten it with force at every turn. This kind of shouting has no other effect than to show his cowardice.
The "Roman Emperor" had to urgently consult with the King of Prussia to find a way to deal with it. At the same time, people were sent to England to seek help from the British. However, Britain made it clear that it understood and respected the Emperor's position on the matter, and was willing to maintain good faith neutrality.
This is actually quite normal, because if England had joined in the chorus against France, it might have really frightened France, but he would not dare to move. You know, the British don't believe in Catholicism. But the British already knew very well that the Austrian emperor was not willing to go to war with France at all, and if the British joined in, he could rest assured that he would boldly grab Poland with the Russians. If, on the other hand, the British remained neutral, the French were encouraged, and perhaps a fight would have begun.
In Europe, the French love good food and beauty, the Italians love beauty and art, and the British? The British have no other hobby than to see the continent burning.
Until an agreement was reached with Prussia, the Austrian Emperor could only exercise restraint and let the Electors of the Rhine disband the exiles' armies, and this weakness further encouraged the belligerent forces of France.
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