Daddy Xue asked, "Monoecious?" That is, wheat and rice are not like cucumber flowers, but have both stamens and pistils on one flower? ”

"yes, that's it." He Zhiyuan nodded and said.

Wei Lao Er asked in embarrassment: "The pollen is so light, it will pollinate at the slightest movement, how can we achieve hybridization?" ”

He Zhiyuan couldn't answer this question, he smiled and said: "There will always be a way, but I can't give a specific solution here, you can only rely on yourself to figure out a way." ”

Father Xue glanced at Wei Lao Er with dissatisfaction, and said in his heart that Gongzi had already said something else just now to let him find a way, and you still asked what to do, isn't this embarrassing for him. It was he who hurriedly said: "Little Lao'er understands, when the wheat blooms in the spring of next year, we will observe carefully and find a way to achieve cross-pollination." ”

After sitting for a while, Father Xue took everyone to say goodbye and left. Before leaving, He Zhiyuan took out a magnifying glass and gave it to Father Xue and said, "The wheat flower is too small, use this magnifying glass to help you see clearly." Then you can use this to make it easier for you to observe. ”

Later, he taught them how to use a magnifying glass, which Father Xue gladly accepted, and then said goodbye and left.

Two days later, Wang Zhixue sent someone to report the good news to He Zhiyuan, the steam pumping machine test was successful, and asked He Zhiyuan to take a look.

He Zhiyuan was overjoyed when he heard the news. Its success meant another step towards the development of a real steam engine. In the research and development of the European steam engine, it took forty or fifty years from the appearance of the Knokemon steam engine to the invention of the universal steam engine by Watt. But in this time and space, this time will definitely be greatly shortened, because He Zhiyuan has already pointed out the research direction to Wang Zhixue, and even drew a schematic diagram of the Watt steam engine for them.

However, this does not mean that it is only necessary to follow the schematic diagram. After all, the schematic diagram is not the kind of three-view and assembly drawing used in real machining, such a complex machine, if you really want to draw three views, it is estimated that you need to draw hundreds of thousands of drawings, He Zhiyuan is unable to draw so many complex drawings.

However, even if it is drawn, it is impossible to process it according to the drawings.

There are still many difficulties to overcome in this process, first of all, the quality of steel, if the quality of steel is not up to standard, it is very likely to cause an explosion, and a careless will cause casualties.

The second is the problem of sealing, before the absence of rubber, the sealing of steam engines was always a difficult technical difficulty to overcome. Although he had seen the relevant information on the use of eucommia gum instead of rubber in his previous life, it was unknown how to make Du Zhu gum and how effective it was.

Again, there is the processing technology, which is also a hurdle that needs to be overcome. The steam engine needs a lot of spare parts, and the matching accuracy between various spare parts is required to be high, which needs to improve the machining accuracy of the existing machine tool. For example, the meshing of gears, which requires a very standard gear geometry, is the only way to output stable power. The accuracy of the cylinder is also much higher than that of the existing steam pump, and the volume is much larger. The existing machine tool can not be processed at all, and a special boring machine must be developed.

To solve these problems, it is not possible to complete it in one or two months, and it is estimated that it will take at least one or two years or even longer, so He Zhiyuan does not expect them to develop a real steam engine soon. That being the case, now the steam pumping machine can be batched

Manufactured, put on the market. Although the use is single, there will always be a market, for example, coal kilns are a huge potential market.

On the same day, he immediately went to the Institute of Physics, and it was still Wang Zhixue and Liu & Father and Son who greeted him. They happily said to He Zhiyuan: "I can finally pump water, you see that the water in the well was drained in one afternoon yesterday." ”

He Zhiyuan carefully observed the steam pump that had been installed, and it turned out that they had dug a deep well in the yard in the past few days, and dug another pool next to the deep well. The coal-burning stove was next to the well, and a semicircular boiler was placed on the stove, on which a cylinder and piston piston were connected to the iron rod, which was supported by a bracket, and at the other end was a modified pumping well, and a bamboo tube was connected to it and stretched into the well.

It can be said that this is a very rudimentary steam pumper. It's a miracle that such a rudimentary mechanical energy can pump water, but it doesn't seem that this steam engine is very strong, and I don't know if it can be used for a long time.

After He Zhiyuan read it, he asked them, "How long did you experiment yesterday?" ”

"A whole afternoon, about two hours. The fire does not stop until the water is drained. Wang Zhixue replied.

He Zhiyuan praised: "That's good, try it again today and let me see." ”

Wang Zhixue agreed, and immediately asked Liu Honglin to put the water in the pool into the deep well, and then Liu Xing added water to the boiler, and the fire of the furnace began to heat the boiler.

As the water temperature in the boiler rises, steam is generated, and the piston begins to move slowly, and after about a few minutes, the piston begins to move up and down in a rhythmic manner. At this time, Wang Zhixue brought a bucket of water and poured it into the pumping well, so that the well head and the bamboo pipe were filled with water, and the water began to flow out rhythmically from the well under the drive of the piston.

In the previous life, He Zhiyuan saw the relevant information of the Nexomon steam engine, the piston movement of the steam engine is pushed upward by steam, and the steam in the cylinder is cooled, and a vacuum is formed in the cylinder, and the piston moves downward under the pressure of atmospheric pressure, and when the piston runs to the bottom of the cylinder, the steam valve automatically opens, and the steam pushes the piston upwards again, so the movement repeatedly, and the water in the well is pumped up little by little in a continuous and rhythmic manner.

The piston completes an up and down movement in about five seconds, which means that it can move twelve times per minute, which shows the low efficiency. But it is much better than using human or animal power, which is a machine with practical value after all. The steam engine of this efficiency was used in Europe for another sixty years.

Now the steam pump built by Wang Zhixue is completely made according to He Zhiyuan's schematic diagram, and because of its simplicity, the efficiency is naturally not much higher.

"Well, very good. You've all worked hard! He Zhiyuan praised: "The old rule, each of you will be rewarded with one hundred taels of silver." ”

Hearing that there was a silver reward, everyone naturally cheered again.

After cheering, Wang Zhixue said: "Master, I think this piston is moving too slowly, and this is too inefficient. ”

When He Zhiyuan heard this, he nodded and said, "You're right, the biggest disadvantage of this kind of machine is its low efficiency. This is just the first testing machine, and there is a lot to improve. But to be able to move and pump the water out is success. ”

Wang Zhixue hurriedly asked, "Master, what do you think needs to be improved?"

Place? ”

In fact, Wang Zhixue has found a shortcoming of this steam engine since yesterday's experiment, such as the incoherent movement of the piston, when the piston moves to the top, it must pause for a second or two before moving downward, which greatly reduces the work efficiency.

He Zhiyuan also discovered this problem in the process of observation, and when he saw Wang Zhixue's expression, he knew that Wang Zhixue had also discovered this problem, and he decided not to answer him first, but asked rhetorically: "What do you think needs to be improved first?" ”

Wang Zhixue said without thinking: "I think the piston movement is too slow and incoherent is the main reason for low efficiency. This problem needs to be solved first, at least to make the piston movement coherent. ”

He Zhiyuan nodded and said, "You're right, this is the reason for the low efficiency. Have you ever noticed what is the reason for the piston to stop for a while before moving down? ”

Wang Zhixue shook his head and said, "I haven't found out the reason yet. ”

He Zhiyuan smiled and said, "I know what causes this phenomenon, but I can't tell you now." You all think about it together, it will be of great help to you to improve the steam engine in the future. ”

Next, Wang Zhixue and Liu's father and son turned the steam engine to observe carefully, and then kept discussing. Taking advantage of this time, He Zhiyuan began to think about the mass production and sales of steam engines. Although this steam engine has a single purpose, low efficiency, and surprisingly high coal consumption, there is always a market.

One of the main markets is coal mines, and now there are many such abandoned coal kilns due to water seepage throughout the Ming Dynasty. This steam pump can come in handy, and as for the problem of high coal consumption, it is not a problem. Do you still care about burning more coal in the coal mines? Secondly, iron ore, copper ore, tin ore and so on have the problem of water seepage.

Therefore, it is the best way to carry out mass production and put it on the market to make profits, and in turn support the improvement of the steam engine. Otherwise, there is no benefit from only investing, and He Zhiyuan can't stand it after a long time.

After thinking about it, He Zhiyuan decided to set up a steam engine manufacturing workshop, as a subordinate unit of the Institute of Physics, specializing in the manufacture of steam engines, and part of the money earned was invested in the research institute to support the research and development of steam engines. As for the person in charge of this workshop, He Zhiyuan finally decided that Liu Xing was the most suitable, after all, the current steam engine was built by him.

While bowing his head and pondering, Wang Zhixue came over and said excitedly: "Master, we have found the reason!" ”

He Zhiyuan raised his head and asked, "So soon, tell me quickly." ”

Wang Zhixue said: "The master is still in front of the steam engine, and he still talks while watching, so that it is easy to explain clearly. ”

He Zhiyuan came to the steam engine, Wang Zhixue began to say: "After discussion, we believe that the reason why the piston pauses above is that it takes a process for the steam in the cylinder to cool down and condense into water, and the cylinder is full of steam before condensation, so the piston stops below and does not move, until the steam begins to condense, and the piston begins to slowly decline." The longer the condensation time, the slower the piston descends and the less efficient it becomes. ”

He Zhiyuan thought to himself, it seems that they have indeed mastered the principle of the movement of the steam engine, and the results of this analysis are basically correct. Unexpectedly, it took more than 40 years from the invention of the steam engine by Newcomen to the discovery and improvement of this shortcoming, and it took an hour under his inspiration.

(End of chapter)

The little people of the Ming Dynasty

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