From 1853 to 1856, the Crimean War between the Ottoman Empire, Great Britain and Tsarist Russia broke out, and Tsarist Russia was defeated. After the First Opium War, the Western capitalist powers invaded China one after another, in an attempt to invade China to make up for the losses caused by the war, and gathered the forces of the two countries to march towards the coast of China. Under the cover of merchant ships of various countries anchored on the sea off the coast of Guangdong, hidden gunboats were aimed at the coast of China, ready for war at any time.

This time, the Governor's Yamen in Guangzhou was very lively, and all the officials gathered in the Yamen hall, and they were like ants on a hot pot, fidgeting around the hall and waiting for the Governor to leave the palace to discuss how to deal with the battle. Ye Mingchen, the governor of Liangguang, walked out of the mansion, and the master stood next to him and said: "Quiet, quiet, please be quiet, now Lord Ye has something to say." ”

All the officials turned to look at the Governor who walked out, and knelt down and said, "Lord Ye." ”

"Ladies and gentlemen, please get up, please get up," the officials got up and sat on both sides, one of the officials said: "Lord Ye, now the gunboats of the British and French forces are anchored at the port of Guangdong, ready to go to war," and then these adults began to discuss, some said: "The artillery fire of the great powers is strong, and the shells are blooming in all directions, and our Qing soldiers are killed and wounded a large number of people, how can this beat others." ”

"That's right, we have long-haired thieves in the Qing Dynasty, and there are invasions of foreign powers, how can this be good, it's really internal and external troubles."

The Governor sat down in the lobby and shouted, "Be quiet, be quiet," and the officials began to fall silent. The Governor stood up and said, "How can we look like we have won a battle before the great enemy arrives?" The official went to negotiate with them and tried to save our people from the flames of war, but the most important thing to lose when negotiating was the integrity of the nation. "Your Excellency looked at the following officials, selected their representative officials, and went to the British Embassy in China to negotiate with them, and the British Plenipotentiary Elgin was in charge of the reception, and then the Chinese and British sides sat down on either side of the negotiating table and began to negotiate. British Plenipotentiary Ergin took out the negotiation document, and his attitude was very arrogant: "This is the main content of our British Empire's negotiation document, which is to demand that the whole territory of China be open to trade, and that the opium trade be recognized as legal, and that foreign ministers, including those sent by the British Empire, can be stationed in important cities such as Beijing and Tianjin." ”

"Loss of power and humiliation of the country," said the Governor, "this unequal treaty will never be accepted." After getting up, he led the accompanying officials away and prepared for war. When the Governor returned home, he wrote to the Emperor and told him about the negotiations. In the early days of the dynasty, Emperor Xianfeng gathered hundreds of civil and military officials to discuss matters in the Qianqing Palace. Emperor Xianfeng picked up the recital written by Ye Mingchen, the governor of Liangguang, and said: "The Anglo-French alliance has entered the port of Guangdong, ready to go to war at any time, and demands a comprehensive revision of the "Treaty of Nanjing". ”

At this time, the following officials are already panicked, and the people in the imperial city are panicking, afraid that these barbaric troops will enter the capital, so where should they flee, and even some officials began to think about the escape route, and said: "Your Majesty, in the Tang Dynasty, the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Ming Emperor inspected Sichuan, and planned another way, Li Bai's poem has a text, and it is difficult for Shu to go to the blue sky." Your Majesty, we can use this to move to Sichuan. ”

Some officials stood up and said: "This plan is not appropriate, Your Majesty, there are long-haired thieves in the country to make trouble, and at this time of internal and external troubles, you must first settle the inside, how to deal with the outside?" We, the Qing Dynasty, had already signed the "Treaty of Wangxia" with the United States, and it was the best policy to send an official to lobby the United States to mediate. Moving the capital is absolutely impossible, it is a waste of money and labor, and thousands of years later, we will be sinners for thousands of years, and the emperor who has been scolded by thousands of people. ”

"Moving the capital will shake the foundation of the Qing Dynasty, and you will focus on handling the mediation matters in the United States."

Two years later, the Qing court sent representatives to start negotiations with the United States, but the United States, with the support of Britain and France, once again put forward a request for a comprehensive revision of the treaty, which made Emperor Xianfeng very angry, and said: "Barbarians, my great China has millions of soldiers, and I can't deal with these small barbarian countries, and I will never sign a treaty that humiliates the country, otherwise I will be a faint king." ”

On October 8, 1856, the Cantonese sailors arrested several pirates and suspected enemy sailors aboard the Yarrow. ** Governor Bao ordered the Minister to report the matter to the British Acting Consul in Canton. That night, the British Acting Consul in Canton, Pashali, sent a letter to the Governor of Liangguang, Ye Mingchen, demanding his immediate release and an apology. Ye Mingchen, the governor of Liangguang, was very angry and said to the officials: "How can this be reasonable, the deception is too much, the official agreed to release the people, did not apologize, and told them that this is our country's internal affairs, and other countries have no right to interfere." ”

On October 23, 1856, the British gathered forces to attack the Humen Fort, which was captured within three days. On the 27th, the city of Guangzhou was bombarded, and the city was under artillery fire, and Guangzhou climbed the city to resist bravely, and on the 29th, Guangzhou was captured. Until January 1857, the British army burned thousands of houses in the vicinity of the foreign company, and thick smoke billowed everywhere in the city. After the British army invaded, it was a bloody massacre in the city, and then angered the people in the city, thousands of people with hoes and shovels attacked the British army and fought with it, and the British army had to withdraw from the Pearl River and wait for reinforcements.

In March 1857, the British plenipotentiary Ergin personally led a naval army to China, and asked France to send troops on the grounds of the Xilin Lesson Case, and marched to Guangzhou again, and Guangzhou was captured again. Emperor Xianfeng ordered the Qing army to fortify in Tianjin and Dagukou on the one hand, and ordered Tan Yanyi, the governor of Zhili, to be the minister of the Qincha, and went to Dagu to negotiate and mediate with the ministers of Britain, France, the United States and Russia. Subsequently, Gui Liang and Hua Shana returned to Beijing with samples of the "Tianjin Treaty" signed with Britain, France, the United States, and Russia. Emperor Xianfeng ascended the hall and turned around, and the civil and military officials knelt down three times and bowed nine times, and shouted: "Long live my emperor, long live, long live." ”

Emperor Xianfeng turned around and sat on the dragon chair, and said, "Everyone, Aiqing, get even," the civil and military officials stood up, and Emperor Xianfeng said calmly: "How did Gui and Hua negotiate with Aiqing?" ”

The two ministers of Gui and Hua looked at each other, and finally Gui Liang stood up, handed out a sample of the treaty, and said: "Your Majesty, this is a sample of the "Tianjin Treaty" signed with the ministers of the four countries. ”

"Present it," the eunuch beside him passed the sample of this treaty into the hands of the emperor, and then the two ministers Gui and Hua looked at the emperor above the main hall, cold sweat broke out on their foreheads, and one hand reached into his arms and took out a sweat towel to wipe the sweat from his forehead. Emperor Xianfeng looked at the sample of this treaty, his hands trembled constantly, his eyes were as big as copper beads, and he said angrily: "Lose power and humiliate the country, lose power and humiliate the country, traitorous ministers mistakenly, mistakenly!" ”

The two ministers, Gui and Hua, knelt down and said, "Weichen is guilty. ”

"Why are you guilty? It's a sin that deserves death! I cut you with a thousand knives, and ten thousand knives are not enough for me. ”

"Your Majesty, once the minister dies, the minister will make meritorious service for his crimes."

He Jiehao, Minister of Military Aircraft, stood up and said: "Your Majesty, the time of national crisis is the time to employ people, so let them make meritorious contributions." ”

"Okay, downgrade three levels, stay for later. He Aiqing, what should I do at the moment? ”

"The enemy is at present, step up preparations for war."

"Okay, I will never let the century-old foundation of the Qing Dynasty be ruined on me, and I will step up the fortification at Dagu Pass and prepare for battle."

On June 25, 1858, the British naval commander He Buqin led twelve warships from the barrage to Haikou, at three o'clock in the afternoon ordered the British and French forces to attack the Dagu fort, with artillery fire as a cover, the Qing army commander Seng Greenqin will be on the fort on the cannon to the landing of the British and French counterattack, Zhili Governor Shi Rongchun, Dagu Association deputy general Long Ruyuan in front of the marshal to ask for orders, ask for battle, to the incoming enemy to meet the head-on blow, and then lead the cavalry to rush into the enemy, pull out the waist knife and fight hard, the soldiers are the same, fight hard, Repelled the Anglo-French forces, but the two generals were shot and killed. The commander aimed his cannon at the warships on the sea and bombarded them, sinking ten enemy ships. The commander of the British fleet was almost killed. Emperor Xianfeng was overjoyed when he heard the news, and said: "It's really happy, it's a good fight," so he tore up the treaty in public.

In February 1860, Britain and France again appointed Ergin and Gro as plenipotentiary representatives, led more than 15,000 LinkedIn troops, and more than 7,000 French troops occupied Zhoushan, Dalian Bay, and Yantai to blockade the Bohai Sea and attack the Dagu Fort. The Russian minister Ignatiev and the American minister Warren rushed to the Bohai Sea to mediate in the camp of the Qing army. At this time, no one thought that they would take the opportunity of the negotiation to quickly send troops to capture the Dagu Fort and Beitang, and force them towards the capital Beijing. The commander monk Gelinqin retreated to the Bali Bridge and fortified it at the Bali Bridge.

The capital city of Beijing is in danger, and Emperor Xianfeng is helpless to stay in the palace, and he doesn't know what to do. At this critical moment, Prince Yi Zaiyuan entered the emperor's bedroom and bowed down, and said: "Your Majesty, the minister is willing to go to the enemy camp to negotiate peace again, and maybe there will be a turnaround." ”

Emperor Xianfeng just nodded, and he had no choice but to do it in his heart, so he said, "Send Mu Yin, the secretary of the military department, to go with you." ”

Prince Yi Zaiyuan and Mu Yin, the secretary of the military department, went to Tongzhou to negotiate peace, but the negotiations broke down due to disputes between the two sides. The British and French forces captured Tongzhou, Tongzhou fell, and the troops attacked Bali Bridge. The British and French forces attacked the Bali Bridge, and the defenders of the Bali Bridge met the enemy and fought fiercely. The commander of the Qing army, Seng Greenqin, had already been frightened and fled when he saw the situation, so that his entire army was annihilated and forced into Beijing. Emperor Xianfeng fled from Beijing with his queen and Yi Guifei in the name of Bei Hunt to Rehe Summer Resort. The British and French troops invaded Beijing from Andingmen, and the people suffered in mourning all over the city. After the British and French troops invaded Beijing, they burned, killed and looted for nearly 50 days, and the royal gardens in the suburbs of Beijing, such as the Old Summer Palace, Qingyi Garden, Jingmingyuan, Jingyi Garden, and Changchun Garden, were all burned by the fire, and the Yuanmingyuan fire burned for three days and three nights, and more than 3,000 eunuchs and palace maids were buried in the fire. At this time, the emperor had no choice but to send Prince Gong to Beijing for negotiations.

At this time, the city of Beijing was no longer as prosperous as it used to be, with ruins everywhere, wars raging everywhere, corpses all over the streets, and their wails. A child sat in the pile of dead bodies and cried loudly, lonely and helpless, and the whole city of Beijing was so desolate and smoky. Entering the palace, it is overgrown with weeds, dead branches, crows screaming, and there are no branches to rely on for three turns around the tree, which is heart-wrenching. Prince Gong walked into the Qianqing Palace and saw Erjin and said, "Mr. Ergin." ”

Erjin climbed the Jinluan Hall and sat on the dragon chair, crossed his legs and said very vigorously: "You say that I don't look like your emperor." ”

"Like, like, like a nondescript emperor," Yi Yi said after three laughs.

At this time, Erjin was a little puzzled, and faced the soldiers beside him, and said, "What does it mean to be nondescript?" ”

"I heard that the emperors of China have a very strange title, and it may be the title of the emperor."

"Well, I'm a nondescript emperor now."

Yi Yi laughed again: "Well, on the 18th day of October in the 10th year of Xianfeng, Mr. Ergin, the American ambassador plenipotentiary, was canonized by the emperor's personal envoy and made him an indecent emperor," and instructed his entourage to record this.

After that, Yi Yi followed him into the inner court to start negotiations, and after the two sides sat down, Ergin took out the treaty document and handed it to Yi Yi, saying: "This is the content of the treaty, you will sign it after you read it," Yi Yi took the treaty document and watched, and then took the case, and said: "Lose power and humiliate the country, please forgive this king for not being able to sign it." ”

"You are a defeated country, if you don't sign it, I will burn this palace and this Forbidden City."

"Okay, this king signs," at this time, Prince Gong Yili was also helpless, and ordered his military department Shangshu Mu Yin to sign the treaty on his behalf, and was forced to sign the "Beijing Treaty" with Britain and France.