From the perspective of historical progress, the signing of the Peace of Westphalia has standardized the rules of how to conduct equal diplomacy between countries, and no longer cause diplomatic incidents because of the whims of a certain prince, at least it is a kind of progress not to kidnap passing nobles for ransom.

Of course, this is also a wake-up call after fighting a profitless war.

However, similar to the Ming Dynasty, the problem of the Ming Dynasty was that the Confucian class that held power found that their own interests were not tied to the interests of the empire, which caused their tendency to betray the country from beginning to end.

In the same way, in this era, the interests of the clergy were not aligned with those of the Europeans, which can be regarded as the same path, which shows that the clergy and the Confucian scholars are almost rotten things.

For Europe in the old era, the lord lord will rule a part of the ideological power, and divide it to the clergy class with evil intentions, and then everyone will share the interests of the peasants, as long as these clergymen can help the knights and lords to fool the common people, so that their minds will gradually follow God stupidly, not resist, not demons.

This can be regarded as representing a kind of "advanced productive forces", anyway, people have the ability to fool out the money, and they are willing to scare the common people, on the day of dedication or something, work for the priests or something, and donate their savings to the church is inevitable.

Donating one-tenth of his income to the priest to make Xiao Zhengtai, and Xianglin's sister-in-law, who took a year's salary to donate the threshold of the land temple, are essentially the same, nothing more than the intimidation of hell and the temptation of heaven, at this point, it is appropriate for the elders to order the bald donkeys and foreign monks to compete with each other.

At the same point in time, almost the same social changes have taken place in the East and the West, at least they have all died an emperor, but they are different in nature, and the empire that still maintains involution, has always been suppressed by the Confucian scholars, and cannot evolve, but reactionaries are reactionaries, and this cannot be changed.

Last year's Peace of Westphalia can be said to have been unanimously approved by a number of tired countries, but the biggest opponent is naturally the Holy See that provokes trouble.

Although after this contract, the principles of sovereign equality of states and territorial sovereignty were established (only within Europeans), so that Europe could no longer consume each other, and everyone would rob the whole world together.

But in essence, the Holy See did not get anything, but allowed the Protestant princes to gain the same power as those who served the Holy See, not to mention the countless benefits spent on money, and in order to prompt those foolish countries to take the initiative, they promised too much to the nobles of Austria and Spain, and now they have suffered losses, but they also have a grudge against the Holy See.

It's like a gang of bandits, robbing money, food, and girls every day, so happy, everyone is willing to feed a group of guys who can't rob the commander and laugh and amuse, but now, they have been exterminated by the government, so these funny guys have begun to be an eyesore.

In particular, the Habsburg family, which has the deepest collusion with the Holy See, has begun to distance itself from the Holy See, and the impact of this war on Europe and even the world is huge, and the Habsburgs must recognize that the country, including the Netherlands, is an independent country, and no longer has territorial ambitions for it, France has obtained a fertile land with coal and iron ore, and the army hegemony has begun to rise, not to mention the independence of Prussia's predecessor, and the future source of the First World War II has begun to take shape.

Fabiogi had a unique vision, and as a traditional Italian aristocrat, he was well versed in political change, and understood that in the event of an armistice, the rotten and incompetent Catholic princes could only be slaughtered little by little.

But no matter how hoarsely he objected, it was always the general trend.

And he returned to Italy from Austria, just to appease his little heart of being bullied, and seeing the reality that the Habsburgs, the biggest reliance of the Holy See, became more and more useless, and the second blow followed.

Microscope.

Microscopes were all the rage in Europe, coinciding with the signing of contracts, and in fact, many people were talking about it, after all, many people had received occasional letters from their aristocratic relatives, and in an era when it was commonplace to have lovers, the sudden emergence of a technique that could determine paternity caused was definitely known to the world.

These things are naturally in everyone's hearts, but after they are revealed, there are naturally many big things, but on the other hand, many people have also turned over the Black Death.

The reason why the Presbyterians will spread technology to Europe is very simple, even if I don't teach you some things, I'm afraid that you won't even be pulled down if you sneak them in, but it's still very easy to spoil your research institute secretly, of course, you have to teach some real things.

Hygiene, as a basic medicine, must naturally be taught, not to mention the consideration of creating demand in Europe and starting a business, just because the elders want to consider their sisters, the girls who are whitewashed and hygienic naturally make them more excited.

You know, in this era, Europeans still uphold the excellent tradition of not bathing.

The spread of bacteriology in Europe spread to the homes of the aristocracy and wealthy families almost immediately from the European academic circles, and they may not care what new algorithms and formulas some nerd has developed, and what physical and chemical theorems they have, but it is also very important to listen to the things that affect their own lives.

The elders taught the real things, and naturally they also convinced those scholars who had some real skills, although Xu Hao himself had no foundation, but he had also mixed high school and learned wild survival experience in the army, which is nothing.

He himself claimed that he was only an official, and he did not know about it, but those scholars studied it very deeply, and some even learned Chinese while chasing the small workers who followed the ship.

Some people are also planning to set up a Chinese corner, of course, in terms of European customs and academics, men are talking to each other, and it is completely impossible for a poor black person from a poor African country or a poor Indian to go to the English corner as if he were choosing a concubine to open a house.

Since the Presbyterian Church has really put its heart and soul into this, it has naturally been rewarded, and the teaching work has been sought after by many people.

In this era, the universities were still too separate in nature, and the arts and sciences were not divided into disciplines, but were essentially the products of philosophy.

So in essence, there was a wave of everyone learning virology, and compared to decades later, Hooke took great pains to send his research notes to the Royal Academy of Sciences, which attracted attention, and then fermented a little bit, and only began to be noticed after a hundred years, and at the beginning, they regarded this as a very important study.

This also divided a lot, and some people began to use a microscope to look at various objects, even their own hair.

But others are studying cells and viruses, while others are beginning to pay attention to the Black Death, which killed tens of millions of people.

This study has to study the pathology, and then study the various situations in history when the Black Death broke out, and naturally, it will also implicate what role the Holy See played during the Black Death.

Certainly not a good character.

If we talk about the Black Death, that is, the plague, we naturally have to talk about the Mongol army, and it can be said that there is no controversy in history, and the use of plague as a weapon to harm others is that the Mongols set up trebuchets outside the city, and threw the corpses of soldiers infected by the plague and decomposing into the air and into the city, so that the streets and alleys of the city were soon filled with dead corpses and filled with a terrible stench.

This is nothing more than the Black Death, the Black Death, nothing more than the European city that held the siege of the Mongols, and in a short time became a hell on earth full of dead bodies covered with sores and black spots.

The funniest thing is that the city was also a harbor city, a commercial center, naturally full of people, and close communication, and soon, the Black Death began to spread across the continent.

This behavior soon dealt a heavy blow to the commercially developed Italy, and it can be said that it broke their backbones from population to wealth, and even later, Italy's industry and combat effectiveness were just the same.

The Black Death was very fast, and on average it took three days to be called by the Lord, and the death was horrific, with black or purple spots all over the body, arms, legs, and other parts of the body, sometimes sparsely sparse and large, sometimes fine and dense.

After that, there is a high fever, ulceration, foul smell, and some people vomit blood, and there is often a smell of blood in their breath, as if the blood in the body is rotting.

The worst thing is that the Black Death was so contagious that healthy people contracted it as soon as they came into contact with a sick person, and it burned as easily as firewood near a fire. Even if you come into contact with the clothes worn by the sick person or touch the things, you are at risk of getting sick.

The horror of this infectious disease is not only the rapid death, high lethality, but also the terrible transmission route, the rat.

And people can run, and when it is terrible, it is naturally safest to return to their hometown, to return to their warm bed.

As a result, Italy's commercial centers were smashed one by one, and after the panic continued to build, the rest began to flee to the next ignorant city.

The most terrible thing is that some European quacks theorized that water weakens the function of organs, that when the pores are completely open when taking a hot bath, poisonous air enters the body, and that plagues are caused by excessive bathing!

Therefore, the more you take a bath, the more likely you are to get sick, and only if you don't take a bath can you be healthy, and if you have a thick layer of dirt on your body, you can resist the invasion of disease......

This is also the reason why the Presbyterian Council preaches the theory of hygiene, and at this time, even Turks who don't seem very scientific have advanced bathing experience.

In order to escape death, doctors in Europe tried to use all the treatments they could think of, from laxatives, emetics, bloodletting, smoking rooms, burning lumps and pustules with fire, and even bathing with urine, but death continued to befall the world.

Of course, those doctors were also conscientious, and most of them died on the front lines of death.

Other devout Christians chose to pray to God, even lashing each other with iron-tipped whips and humming, "I am guilty......

And those clergymen with clever brains began to sell holy water, and anyone who believed in God sincerely drank it and was immediately cured of it! If the patient survives, God blesses him and the angel blesses, but if he does not survive, he is guilty of great sin and is called by the Lord.

However, the Holy See is not just a matter of collecting money in this regard, and they seem to blame the cause of this disaster on the people's unbelief in God and lack of piety, which is a test of God.

God is the all-powerful and omniscient supreme ruler, while mortals are born with "original sin" and the only purpose of living is to worship God and prepare for the "Last Judgment" to ascend to heaven. Therefore, the sick man survived because God blessed him and the angels blessed him, but if he did not survive, he was in great sin and called by the Lord......

At the same time, in this process, the ability to fool people to donate their property is not small.

Xu Hao could not imagine that according to the mission of the imperial capital, the discussion of the prevention of large-scale infectious disease epidemics on the European continent would evolve into a denunciation of the Holy See.

In fact, this kind of denunciation is somewhat like killing a dog, would you ask a liberal arts student to study chemistry?

But as soon as the topic was opened, the topic of corruption and decay at the top of the Holy See began to spread, and no one is a fool these days, what luxury goods do you spend money on, when everyone doesn't know.

Human history proves that this kind of denunciation may have started with an academic study of how to deal with the recurrence of the plague, but it is easy to exaggerate the denunciation of corrupt elements, and the topic of a certain bishop having an illegitimate child and a certain bishop having an affair with a woman has also begun.

And this kind of condemnation was quickly fed back to the ears of the bishops, but they were thinking too much, Fabiokigi, as the next pope, was smart enough to face the war between the Ming and Qing dynasties, and took the opportunity to make a good relationship in my Qing Dynasty.

It is already very enlightened and wise to be able to say more than ten years later: as long as the Chinese do not openly oppose religion and good customs, do not try to persuade them to change their manners and customs, in general, people cherish and love their way of life, especially think that their own people are better than other peoples, and "do not despise Chinese and Europeans because of their different ways, but try their best to do what they are accustomed to".

.。 Writing Chinese Network M.