Ancient China created a great agricultural civilization, which shows that all dynasties and dynasties were based on agriculture, but now when you ask who the most miserable people are, the answer 20 years ago is still 100% 'peasantry'. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 infoIn the Song Dynasty, peasants accounted for the vast majority of the country's population, so the land endowment became an important source of finance and taxation for the country.

In the Song Dynasty, the collection of land was based on the number of acres of land, and the acres of land were divided into several grades according to the quality of the land, and the tax amount per mu was determined according to the grades. The two tax laws are still followed, which are paid twice in summer and autumn, and the summer tax is levied on June 1, and the tax amount is calculated in money. The autumn tax will be levied on October 1 and will be measured in meters. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the field tax was determined according to the middle and lower levels, and there were fixed varieties of field taxes, such as the summer tax was mainly levied on silk, which was used for military uniforms and official clothing; The autumn tax is mainly levied on grain and grain, which is used for the needs of military food and civilian food.

In the Song Dynasty, the two taxes were levied on the basis of mu, which should be said to be more reasonable, but some people could not stand the flexibility. Although there are prescribed types of taxes, the government can change the types of taxes according to the needs of the time, which is the so-called method of conversion. According to the regulations, when changing varieties, they must be equal in weight, that is, in value, but this principle is not followed in the actual transformation, and the conversion is a means for the government to take advantage of price fluctuations to collect people's wealth.

In addition, the land tax should be paid locally according to the regulations, but the government often "uses the surplus to make up for the shortage" as the reason that the requisitioned goods are exported to the people from here to there, from near to far, which is the so-called branch transfer. The cost of the transfer is entirely borne by the taxpayer. Those who do not want to move can pay money, which is called "the price of the foot in the road". In order to avoid the suffering of far losses and pay the price of the road, the people often go to the designated tax and grain delivery places to buy grain and pay it. The magistrates often exploited the people in the name of disbursement, and forced the people to pay the price of the foot in the road when they could have bought the tax grain in the nearest warehouse, until the price of the foot was incorporated into the regular tax collection.

In addition to the transfer and conversion of the field in the Song Dynasty, there were various other additions, such as the head money that was a handling fee, the Yicang tax called grain storage and famine, and the agricultural tool money and cattle leather tendon and horn tax that followed the five dynasties. In addition, there are silkworm salt money, vinegar interest money, market money and so on. There were many additional tax items, and they continued to increase, accumulating over time, and soon surpassed the positive tax, and finally the total agricultural tax exceeded the positive tax by more than three or four times at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. In short, from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, there were many additional taxes for land tax, some of which were levied all over the country, and some were levied exclusively on several counties or one place, sometimes in the ascendant, sometimes in abolition, and so on.

In addition to the regular and additional taxes levied on the land, there was also forced labor against the peasants. The main household of the Song Dynasty also had to go to all levels of government to serve on errands. The burden of the errand was so heavy that some powerful landlords had to try to escape, and most of them ended up in the middle and lower households. Once they undertook the heavy duties of being in charge of official property and being in charge of transportation, they often went bankrupt. The other kind of miscellaneous work is almost entirely borne by the peasants. So much so that Zhu Xi couldn't stand it anymore, and said: The ancients carved and peeled the law, and this dynasty has prepared it......

Zhao Yu was also half a 'Song fan' in his previous life, and after listening to Zhuang Shilin's explanation, his fans immediately turned black. Where is this the Great Song Dynasty that everyone wants to travel to here, it is clearly the dark 'old society', even in the Renzong and Shenzong dynasties that are advertised as the Qingming period, they are far from the historical records. Speaking of the Yicang tax, it originated from Emperor Renzong, who was known for being close to the people, and it was mainly levied on wealthy peasants, that is, households above the third class and large and medium-sized landlords, to prevent floods and droughts. However, in the Zhezong Dynasty, it was changed to pay grain to local warehouses to supplement the state's funds. As a result, it lost its original meaning and became a tax.

However, if you think about it carefully, it is not difficult to understand that the Song Dynasty was a civilized society, a country where literati were in power, and what literati were best at doing was playing with their pens, and it was they who covered up many ugly and bad deeds under Guanghua's articles. Some good policies are mostly on paper and have not been effectively implemented, and many heavy tax items have also been rationalized for their existence under the clever pen. As a result, many policies that should have been implemented have been mired in repeated controversies, with too many discussions and too few things to do, and many good policies can only be preserved in the beautiful imagination of some people and a multitude of paperwork systems, and the maladministration that is prevalent in society is obvious to all.

In addition, the Song Dynasty also paid attention to GDP, and there was a policy of rewarding and punishing local officials with tax revenues for their political achievements, rewarding those who collected more and punishing those who paid less. It is true that objectively, the revenue of the Song Dynasty's treasury has increased, but it has often become a motive for local officials to set up clever names and extract people's wealth, which is no different from 'Ming robbery'.

Farm tools are tools for agricultural production, just as we need to be clothed and fed for survival, it is a necessity for agricultural farming. The taxation of agricultural implements is obviously an unjustifiable and harsh policy. Because the quality and price of the agricultural tools operated by the government were low, the peasants were reluctant to use them, so they changed to the peasants' self-made iron farm tools, and the government could not make money from the sale, so they changed to levy the tax on farm tools, which was paid according to the summer and autumn taxes, and gradually became an additional tax on the field tax. Later, enlightened monarchs recognized the obvious unreasonableness of the agricultural implements tax, and also issued relief measures, but the financial situation was not good, so they reactivated.

The officials were corrupt and unfair, and the big landlords and big bureaucrats resorted to all kinds of means to conceal their property and land, with the result that most of the heavy burdens fell on the poor people. Under the pressure of heavy taxation, a large number of peasants went bankrupt and unemployed, and out of livelihood, they abandoned their fields and abandoned farming, only to seek survival in wandering, thus forming a huge floating population. Their main way out was to enlist in the army or serve, enter the cities to engage in handicrafts or commerce, become monks, and a few or become thieves.

Although the plan in Zhao Yu's hand removed some of the harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes that he had reduced after he presided over the military administration of Qiongzhou, it was not completely cut and pasted, but it also copied seventy-seven eighty-eight. He worked hard to deceive so many people to the island, and spent a lot of money to resettle them, just to increase the population and develop production, and Zhao Yu also knew that only good policies could attract more people to settle in Qiong, enrich his strength, so that he could collect grain taxes to ensure expenditures and obtain military resources.

But what they do is tantamount to fishing with all their might, and they have to scare away those who want to come, and those who come are forced to leave, and those who can't run up the mountain are thieves and go to the sea as bandits. Wouldn't that be a loss to his wife and a soldier, and a lot of trouble for himself. How can we ensure that we have money to spend, and at the same time, let the people profit and be willing to stay on the island? Zhao Yujue also has to start by changing the existing system...... (To be continued.) )